Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases Climate Change Effects of Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism Why does India need CDM What can we Do

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2 Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases Climate Change Effects of Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism Why does India need CDM What can we Do

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4 There are six identified gases which are contributing to the changes taking place in our climate: 1. Carbon Dioxide 2. Methane 3. Nitrous Oxide 4. Hydrofluorocarbons 5. Perfluorocarbons 6. Sulphur Hexafluoride

5 The six GHGs covered under the Kyoto Protocol are not equal either in their abundance or in terms of their global warming potential (GWP). GHGs GWP Carbon dioxide 1 Methane 21 Nitrous oxide 310 Hydroflurocarbons Perflurocarbons Sulfur hexafluoride 23900

6 It is a natural phenomenon. It has been taking place since the formation of our planet Earth. The Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) make the planet habitable for all living forms. A change in the GHG concentration results in climate change.

7 There are many effects or impacts which we can also clearly observe in our surroundings: Temperature rise Erratic rainfall Frequent droughts Rise of epidemics Loss of vegetation Increase of invasive species

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9 People living in developing countries. People suffering from high levels of poverty. People living in coastal areas. People who do not have adequate access to resources and health care.

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11 Imagine if sea level rises by some feet in a city like Mumbai or Chennai!!! They are the major ports and also contribute a lot to the country s GDP. Mumbai is known as the Commercial Capital of the country.

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15 Started in the 20 th century when in 1938, Guy S Callender suggested that the warming trend revealed in the 19th century had been caused by a 10% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (also known as the Stockholm Conference) was an international conference held in It was the UN's first major conference on international environmental issues, and marked a turning point in the development of international environmental politics.

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17 Protocol to UNFCCC International & Legally Binding agreement Adopted on December 11, 1997 Entered into force on February 16, 2005 Reduction targets average to 5.2% against 1990 levels over

18 CDM is a cooperative mechanism established under the Kyoto Protocol (KP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). CDM emerged from the Kyoto Protocol.

19 Clean Development Mechanism: How it works? The reduced GHGs in Non Annex I countries can be sold to an Annex I country Developed Country (Annex 1) Developing Country (Non Annex 1) Buyer Seller Actual emissions Carbon Credits (CERs) A CDM project reduces the GHG emissions in the CDM country Emission cap Carbon Value (Euro)

20 A CER represents one tonne of CO 2 - equivalent green-house gas emissions reductions achieved through a Clean Development Mechanism project. It can be used to meet an Annex I Party s emission commitment or as the unit of trade in greenhouse gas emissions trading systems.

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22 CDM Project Cycle Steps of the project Steps of the project cycle Responsible party involved Project Development CDM Application Project realization Host Country Approval Feasibility Check PCN, PDD Registration Monitoring Validation of the Project Project Developer 1 st Operational Entity Executive Board Project Developer Duration: 8 to 12 Months Verification/ Certification 2 nd Operational Entity Issuance of CERs Executive Board

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24 1. Energy industries (renewable - / nonrenewable sources). 2. Energy distribution 3. Energy Demand 4. Manufacturing Industries 5. Chemical Industries 6. Construction 7. Transport 8. Mining/Mineral Production 9. Metal Production

25 10. Fugitive emissions from fuels (solid, oil and gas) 11. Fugitive emissions from production and consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride 12. Solvent use 13. Waste handling and disposal 14. Afforestation and reforestation 15. Agriculture

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27 India is the 7 th largest country in the world by area India is the 2 nd largest country in the world by population India is the 4 th largest country in the world by economy India is the 2 nd largest country in the world by rate of economic growth.

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29 Still, we face a lot of socio-economic problems which are a matter of concern: Poverty Food Insecurity Health Problems Resource Scarcity

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31 Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity.

32 To preserve the reserves of Non - Renewable Energy Sources. We have a moral as well as constitutional responsibility towards safeguarding the needs of the future generations. In India, we pray to rivers, trees, forests, etc. and thus, we should use them responsibly.

33 The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was released by the Prime Minister on 30th June It outlines a national strategy that aims to enable the country adapt to climate change and enhances the ecological sustainability of India s development path. It stresses that maintaining a high growth rate is essential for increasing living standards of the vast majority of people of India and reducing their vulnerability of the impacts of climate change.

34 National Solar Mission National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

35 Perform, Achieve and Trade Mechanism: Assign energy efficiency improvement targets to the country's most energy-intensive industrial units, with the provision of allowing them to retain any energy-efficiency improvements in excess of their target in the form of Energy Savings Certificates, called ESCerts. Units will also be allowed to use purchased ESCerts to meet their targets.

36 Bachat Lamp Yojna: The Bachat Lamp Yojana PoA is a scheme developed by BEE to promote energy efficient lighting in India. Under the BLY scheme quality long-life CFLs would be distributed by SSC-CPA implementer(s) to gridconnected residential households in exchange of an incandescent lamp (ICL) and INR 15. Once the CFLs have reached their end of life or any CFLs which have failed prematurely during the project period, the SSC-CPA implementer(s) would arrange for the collection and disposal of CFLs as per applicable environmental norms.

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38 Get Active. Walk at short distances and use public transport. Save Electricity at your homes and workplaces. Buy local groceries.

39 Switch to Renewable Energy Sources. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Switch off appliances when not in use. Plant as many trees as you can. Think Globally but Act Locally.

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