(R)evolutions in refrigeration. Can we make things cold without turning up the heat?

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2 (R)evolutions in refrigeration. Can we make things cold without turning up the heat? Matthew Darby Owner EcoChill, Chair Climate Controls Companies Association (NZ) The Past: Evolutions of a Revolution. The Present: Minimising Our Impact and Enabling Better Business. The Near Future: HFC Phase Down The (R)evolution to come.

3 THE PAST EVOLUTIONS OF A REVOLUTION

4 The Evolution of Refrigeration 1000 BC / 30s REVOLUTION EVOLUTION 4

5 THE PRESENT MINIMISING OUR IMPACT: RESPONDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

6 Legislation to meet New Zealand's international treaty commitments for Net 0 emissions by 2050 NZ Regulatory change focused on restricting F gas refrigerants. 2oo8 Climate Change Response (ETS) Act 1996 NZ implements Ozone Layer Protection Act & Regulations 2010 New HCFC Imports reduced on yearly basis by 63% 2015 NO new HCFC s imported: R22 NOT A USE BAN 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Objective: Global warming 2º minimum by HFC PHASE DOWN BEGINS 1987 Montreal Protocol 6 6

7 The NZ Emissions Trading Scheme Principle tool to control emissions impact and meet global warming targets. Carbon Pricing NZ Carbon unit price: $18NZD To achieve a 2 C global warming limit by Est: $80 -$120NZD ¹March

8 The cost of the ETS on refrigerants in New Zealand. Significant additional bottom line costs for companies. Estimated additional $11,000,000 to WHOLESALE costs in Estimated increase 33.33% annually for next 3 years as 2 for 1 subsidy removed. Refrigerant Carbon cost alone. R-404a $ R-410A $ R-134a $ Source: Dave Nicholls IRHACE 8

9 Yet despite growth in natural refrigerants, demand for F gases continues to rise across industries and products. Approx. 925 ton across the board. SYNTHETIC REFRIGERANT USE 2015/16 (KG) Mobile AC - 134a 19% New Zealand consumed 500 ton to March % increase on Estimates of annual leak rate as high as 70%. 175T Contained - HVAC&R all use 27% 249T Bulk importation 54% 500T Source: EPA Synthetic Greenhouse Levy 2015 Report Dave Nicholls IRHACE/ Refrigerant Recovery 9

10 MANAGING HFC PHASE DOWN

11 NZ: HFC Phase Down Timetable We will work with industry to develop a regime to phase down HFCs which is: workable environmentally effective consistent with any international obligations. Jean Le Roux, Manager International Team, Ministry for the Environment. NB: As required by Kigali; NZ domestic policy TBA. Questions for MfE? Contact the Montreal mailbox Montreal@mfe.govt.nz. 11

12 Factors impacting HFC phase down objectives: Decrease GWP Cost/ Penalties: Emissions Trading Scheme. Refrigerant phase down and bans. Energy efficiency benefits. International legislation & impact on suppliers Consumer pressure End Users. HVAC&R Industry. Lack of strategic/ refrigerant only focus. Unregulated industry. Lack of incentives. Increase GWP 12

13 Factors for success Health & Safety Containment strategy End User Buy In Disposal strategies Industry Education & Training Comm s, Tools & Support Regulation GWP Objectives R&D 13

14 Comes down to 3 options to : Retain Keep current system Capital Cost Low Strategy Low Retrofit Keep plant and replace with a synthetic refrigerant Capital Cost Med Strategy Med - High Replace Build new plant with synthetic or natural refrigerant Capital Cost Med - High Strategy High 14

15 Retrofit or Replace: Choosing a Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (GWP) Technology Changes Physical Properties Toxicity, Flammability Environment Economics Performance Safety REFRIGERANT SELECTION???? Energy Efficiency Energy Working Pressures 15

16 Retrofit or Replace: Changing Refrigerants Synthetic Natural CFC s (Phased Out) Ammonia Commercially viable HCFC (Importation Ban) CO2 HC HFC s Water HFO s Air Secondary Systems

17 Retrofit or Replace Refrigerant: Synthetics Ref. Safety Performance Economics* Environment GWP (100Y) 404A $119 kg A $119 kg F $80 kg A $80 kg A $85 kg 1950 Legend 0 = Poor 1 = OK 2= Good 3 = Excellent *Generalized NZ market prices March 2017 Not one meets <150 GWP criteria. 1

18 Replace Refrigerants: Naturals Ref. Safety Performance Economics* CO2 (R744) Environment GWP (100Y) $6.50 kg 1 HC /mix (e.g. R290) Ammonia (R717) $ 82 kg $14 kg 3 0 Legend 0 = Poor 1 = OK 2= Good 3 = Excellent *Generalized NZ market prices March

19 Replace Refrigerants: HFO 1234yf No current NZ installs. Safety Performance Low toxicity (?), flammable, toxic on combustion. No installs within NZ. HFO 1234yf Economics Enviro. (GWP 100Y) Not currently available. 4 19

20 Replace Systems: CO2 Advantages Uses a single refrigerant. Increased energy efficiency. Low cost of CO2. Safe refrigerant. Environmentally good choice. Disadvantages Requires specific knowledge and skill to install and maintain. Performance in warmer climates. Capital and servicing costs gap closed. 20

21 Replace Systems: Standard Secondary 21 What? Smaller primary circuit compared to DX. Uses a secondary fluid as main cooling medium. Why? Reduce amount of primary stage refrigerant. Reduce leakage rate of primary stage refrigerant. Reduced primary system size. Easier maintenance.

22 Replace Systems: Advanced Secondary Features Standard Secondary Advanced Secondary Expansion Valves Typically Mechanical Electronic Capacity Control Typically Unloaders VSD Primary Circuit Size Typically Larger Optimised for Critical Charge Primary Refrigerant Quantity Typically Higher Minimised through design 22

23 Replace Systems: Advancements in Secondary Systems 23 Reduced refrigerant charge. Increased energy efficiency. Increased system reliability. Reduced operating costs. Reduced stored product risk. System safety and compliance.

24 The Next R(evolution) in Refrigeration Electrocaloric Magnetic Acoustic Hydraulic Optical Cooling Sonic 24

25 Lowering impact is not just about refrigerant. Retail efficiencies Space, versatility, longevity, food trends. Safety Charge minimisation, user error Energy Efficiency System, & operational Electronics & Computing Remote control & maintenance, data. Integration Containment Contained refrigerants do not cause damage. 25

26 Disruption technologies Real time monitoring AND servicing. Self service. First line of site assessments. Virtual servicing. System immersion design and service. Virtual design global teams. 26

27 TURNERS & GROWERS: LOW GWP SOLUTION DRIVES BETTER BUSINESS

28 Problems Old R22 systems Want to reduce running costs Looking for added value Solution Reengineered precooling Refurbished R22 coolstores to optimal conditions Built new coolstore, same footprint as existing R22 EcoChill Kiwi using HC/ Glycol Advanced System design. 28 Kerifresh images courtesy Kerifresh.co.nz

29 Result: 36% saving on energy costs while cooling more pallets Store capacity (Pallets) Cost to Cool (Per Pallet/ Day % improvement R $0.34 Baseline EcoChill 864 $ % 29

30 225 tonnes of CO2 saved or the yearly emissions from 43 cars. 948 Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) Tons of CO2 over 15 years 1,173 1,568 1,119 1,228 R290 R22 R404A / R507 R134A R407f 30

31 Maintaining Optimal Conditions Refrigeration: providing competitive advantage. Uniform Temperature High Room Humidity No Air Temp Variations Energy Efficient Low Maintenance Increased margin Higher vine to table volumes Pack Precool Zespri images courtesy zespri.com 31

32 HFC Phase down a huge opportunity for the industry. Everyone knows what CFC s are why do people know about a refrigerant but the refrigeration industry is invisible? 32

33 QUESTIONS?