Current State of and Issues with Japan s Energy Policy

Transcription

1 Current State of and Issues with Japan s Energy Policy Presenting the Issues at Japanese German Biomass Day November 5, 2013 Fujitsu Research Institute Hisashi Kajiyama

2 Enormous Potential of Renewable Energy All types of renewable energy sources. Japan one of most blessed countries in world with abundance of renewable energies. Wind, solar, biomass, geothermal. Particularly high potential for biomass. electricity and heat. Base is heat usage.

3 Japan s Growing Stock Becoming a World Leader Total volume of timber : 6b m3 vs. Germany s 3.4b m3. Annual increment : more than 1b m3. Annual fellings : less than 20m m3

4 Essentials of Wood Biomass Energy Wood resources are used in cascading manner;. Create new wealth in rural area. Users of resources (electricity/heat) receive benefits too. 100 /t Woodchip prices in Germany (35% moisture content) 12, ( 出所 )C.A.R.M.E.N

5 Wood Biomass Usage in Germany and Japan Germany High chip cost vs. Low generation cost + half the heat usage cost of fossil fuels. Wood biomass heat usage alone more than 1trillion converted from oil. New wealth created in the region. Everyone benefits: forestry, power companies, heat users Japan Low chip cost vs. High generation cost + even if chips are cheap, heat usage cost remains high Nobody could be happy.

6 Issues with Wood Biomass Use in Japan No use of forest / sawmill residues; mostly white chips. Furthermore, low water content wood required. due to poor boiler technology and FIT system. Non-existent chip-production technology or system. No cogeneration, only electricity generation. Regardless of site conditions, specific technology and scale are imposed. Hinders optimal fuel usage, raises costs. Non-recoverable price of boiler facilities. Lack of design know-how.

7 Forest Residues

8 Bark

9 Sawmill Residues

10 Woodchips for Japan s Power Generation

11 Chips made of Roundwood for Biomass Power Generation

12 Example of Germany s Power Generation Fuel

13 Why using sawmill residues is lagging Power generation boilers are all domestically made. Can supply large scale plant. Fuel is mostly white chips. Can t deal with bark or higher water content. FIT system restrains use of sawmill residues. Germany, Austria, Switzerland s boilers deal flexibly with various biomass types and very high water content. FIT system designed to encourage sawmill residues.

14 Why using forest residues is lagging Lack of chip technology / chipping know-how. No extensive forest road network. No efficient forest mashines

15 No CHP Energy efficiency of power generation alone is in 20-25% range at best. CHP would greatly increase energy efficiency. No plans of biomass CHP. Cogeneration vital to offset future increases in fuel prices.

16 Boiler Facilities Can t Recover Investments Biomass prices less than half that of oil. But construction costs so high they can t be recovered (3-5 times as Germany s) 円 /kwh Unit Energy Price Comparison by Fuel Type A 重油,80 円 /l 灯油,90 円 /l チップ,12000 円 / トン NB: Heat production by fuel type is calculated as: Heavy Oil A 10.86kWh/L, kerosene kwh/l, woodchips 3.24kWh/kg.

17 Issues with Design and Construction Inviolable rule of biomass: create concept and design based on the region (fuel, heat demand, etc.) German boiler makers provide various boiler technologies and scales. There are also many makers who supply components which support biomass usage. Engineering companies tailor designs, bids, construction, and operational support to the customer. Japanese boiler and plant makers provide proposal, design, construction. Makers propose technologies they can provide. Customer accept without question.

18 Today s Schedule 1. Why Japanese - German Conference Kajiyama 2. Germany s Renewable Energy Policy Neitzel 3. Germany s Biomass Energy Policy Raßbach 4. Germany s Actual Biomass Heat Usage Daebeler 5. Germany s Biomass Supply Chain Hein 6. Issues with Japan s Biomass Power Generation Kumazaki 7. Issues with Japan s Biomass Supply Chain Sakai 8. Trends in Germany s Biomass Power Gen. Krautz 9. Issues with Japan s Biomass Heat Usage Aikawa 10. Trends in Mid/Small-scale Facility Tech Eggers/Otomo 11. New technology trend & J-G Collaboration Lenz 12. Possibility of Japan-German Collaboration Panel

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