Part A. Tutorial Prof. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech, USA. PES ISGT Asia 20 May 2014 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Transcription

1 Part A Tutorial Prof. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech, USA PES ISGT Asia 20 May 2014 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1

2 Part 1: Operational Issues for Wind Energy Technology Wind turbine technology Global deployment of wind energy technology Interactions between wind electricity output and electrical power demand Part 2: Operational Issues for Solar Energy Technology Solar energy technologies solar thermal and photovoltaics Global deployment of solar energy technology Interactions between solar electricity output and electrical power demand 2

3 Part 3: Demand Response Technologies Demand response and demand side management (DSM) Demand response technologies supply side and demand side Performance of demand response technologies Part 4: Demand Response Planning and Operations Sample demand response programs in operation Customer incentives and participation Impact of demand response on the electrical load shape 3

4 Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) 2007, 2010 and 2013 Key World Energy Statistics ** Others include solar, wind, geothermal, biofuels and waste, and heat 5/21/ Saifur Rahman

5 WORLD * (Mtoe) OECD * (Mtoe) Biomass and Wast Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas Oil Coal/Peat * Includes aviation and international marine bunkers * Includes aviation and international marine bunkers, excludes electricity trade Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) Key World Energy Statistics /21/ Saifur Rahman 2014

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7 Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Tidal Power Unique features & variability 7

8 Wind Energy Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K. 8

9 Global Installed Wind Capacity (MW) (Cumulative) Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) Saifur Rahman 2014

10 Future Wind Power Capacity (MW) World Wind Energy Association, World Wind Energy Report 2012 Saifur Rahman 2014

11 Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity) December 2010 Rest of the World Denmark Canada UK France China Italy India Spain USA Germany Source: Global Wind Energy Council (2011) Saifur Rahman 2014

12 Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity) by December 2013 Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) Saifur Rahman 2014

13 Annual Installed Wind Capacity by Region (MW) ( ) Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) Saifur Rahman 2014

14 Wildorado Wind Ranch-Siemens LOCATION: Wildorado, TX 25 miles west of Amarillo in Oldham, Potter and Randall Counties SIZE: 161 MW COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS DATE: April 2007 UTILITY: Xcel Energy (Southwestern Public Service Company) Source: TURBINE EQUIPMENT: 70 Siemens 2.3 MW Mk II Saifur Rahman 2014

15 Nysted Wind Farm-Siemens Nysted Wind Farm Located in the Baltic Sea, it is one of the world s largest wind farms. Owner: DONG Energy, Denmark (80%) and E.ON Sweden (20%). Layout: The wind farm is made up of 8 rows of 9 turbines, of which the nearest are placed some ten kilometers offshore. Source: Turbine: each can generate 2.3 MW. The combined effect is MW. Commercially handed over: Dec. 1 st, 2004 Saifur Rahman 2014

16 Wind Power Issues Opportunities: Generate electricity to replace fossil fuel and serve remote area loads. Challenges: In-country technology base Available manpower Power system operatioin issues due to high penetration of wind turbines Transmission line upgrades Saifur Rahman 2014 Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October 2009

17 Wind Turbine Equipment Tower: Tubular steel Height: 263 feet (80 meters) Weight: tons Blades: Length: 112 ft (34 m) Weight: 20 tons (for all three). Rotor Diameter: 231 ft (70.5 meters) (about 10% longer than the wingspan of a jumbo jet) Swept Area: 41,995 sq. feet per turbine Colorado Green 162 MW Wind Project Source: PPM Energy 17

18 Wind Turbine Nacelle & Hub Source: General Electric 18

19 Inside the GE 1.5MW Nacelle Source: General Electric 19

20 Wind Power Classification Source: Z. Aljarboua, The National Energy Strategy for S. Arabia,

21 Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in June, 06/08/2011) PJM Load (MW) 160, , , , , , ,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 2,500 2,300 2,100 1,900 1,700 1,500 1,300 1, PJM Load a Peak Day in June Wind Power Output Time (Hour) Data source: PJM Wind Power Output (MW) 21

22 Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in July, 07/22/2011) 160,000 1,800 PJM Load (MW) 150, , , , , ,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, PJM Load a Peak Day in July Wind Power Output Time (Hour) Data source: PJM Wind Power Output (MW) 22

23 ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (10/11/ /18/2011) Data source: 23

24 ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (08/17/ /24/2011) Data source: 24

25 Minute by minute Variations in a Wind Farm Wind output drops 43.7 MW in 1 minute Source: NREL 25

26 10 Minute Variations in a Wind Farm Wind output can drop 113 MW in 10 minutes, and increase 106 MW in 10 minutes Source: NREL 26

27 Solar Energy Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Solar Thermal (CSP) 27

28 Solar Photovoltaics Central Station Solar Photovoltaics Saifur Rahman Roof-top Solar Photovoltaics Saifur Rahman 5/21/

29 2012 Global Cumulative Installed PV Capacity (MW) Source: EPIA Global Market Outlook for PV /21/

30 Solar PV Applications Grid connected central station Roof-top applications Building Integrated PV (BIPV) Remote area applications 30

31 600 kw Grid connected Project in Thailand Saifur Rahman 31

32 100 kw Grid connected Project in China Saifur Rahman 32

33 10 MW Solar PV at Masdar, Abu Dhabi Source: 33

34 2 MW Solar PV at KAUST, S. Arabia Source: KAUST 34

35 Lehrter Train Station, Germany Number of module: 1,440 Total area: 3,311 m 2 PV output: 325 kw Electricity generation: 274,000 kwh/yr Source: 35

36 Building Integrated PV in Thailand Source: Solartron, Thailand 36

37 Roof top Solar PV in Virginia, USA Saifur Rahman 37

38 Roof top Solar Photovoltaics in Bangladesh Saifur Rahman 38

39 Roof top Solar Photovoltaics in Japan Source: Energybiz Magazine 39

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41 Balance of System Saifur Rahman 41

42 Transformer/Switchgear Saifur Rahman Saifur Rahman 42

43 Grid Interconnection Saifur Rahman 43

44 Concentrator PV Technology Concept: Provides the highest energy output and lowest cost of any solar technology available Source: SolFocus Inc. 44

45 7 Day Solar PV Output (Watts) Location: Manhattan, Kansas Solar PV Output (Watts) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 45

46 A 24 hour Solar PV Output (kw) Location: Manhattan, Kansas Month: April 80% drop and increase in kw output in 5 minutes 46

47 A 24 hour Solar PV Output (kw) Location: Blacksburg, Virginia Month: September 95% increase in kw output in 10 minutes 47

48 Solar Thermal Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Source: Solarclipse 48

49 Central Receiver Solar Power Plants 15 MWe Molten Salt Solar Thermal Power Plant, Almeria, Spain, 2008 Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report

50 Central Receiver Solar Power Plants 11 MW PS-10 and 20 MW PS-20 Solar Tower Plant, Seville, Spain Source: 50

51 5MW Sierra SunTower CSP Plant, CA, USA Source: 51

52 5 MW Sierra SunTower Project CA, USA Source: 52

53 Solar Thermal Project Mojave Desert, USA The Mojave Desert has nine solar power plants in operation with a capacity of 354 MW. Project: Mojave solar park (6000 acres) Location: California, U.S.A. Capacity: 553 MW (for 400,000 homes) No of mirrors: 1.2 million In service: 2012 Source: 53

54 Details of Solar Heat Collection Source: 54

55 Point Focus Solar Collectors DISTAL I, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report

56 Point Focus Solar Collectors DISTAL II, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report

57 CSP Project in Spain 57

58 CSP Technology 58

59 Biomass Technologies BAGASSE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL CELLULOSE SWITCH GRASS 5/21/

60 Biogas from Bagasse A bagasse-powered co-generation power plant at Porto Feliz in Brazil owned and operated by LANXESS, a chemical industrial plant producing iron-oxide pigments used for dying. The power plant produces 4.5 MW of electricity and steam at an efficiency of up to 90 percent. It is fueled by sugarcane bagasse, readily available in the area. The project started in 2008 and cost around EUR 8 million ($10.9m). Source:LANXESS.co m 5/21/

61 Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Land Fill Source: An automatic grab transfers the municipal solid waste (MSW) from the reception bin on to a conveyor that feeds the combustion plant. Saifur Rahman 61 5/21/2014

62 Landfill Gas Management for Electricity Landfill gas collection well Landfill gas power generation facility Source: Landfill gas-powered electric generator Saifur Rahman 62 5/21/2014

63 Biomass Cogeneration Power Plant Source: LANXESS.com Saifur Rahman 63 5/21/2014

64 Geothermal Power Plants Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station, Iceland 120 MWe 5/21/

65 Hydro Power Plant How Does It Work 5/21/

66 Three Gorges Dam in China Saifur Rahman 5/21/2014 6

67 26 x 700 = 18,200 MW Saifur Rahman 5/21/2014 6

68 Hydro Power Plant Typical Costs 5/21/2014

69 Environmental Impacts of Hydro Power Plants FLOODING OF TREES AND OTHER BIOMASS FROM DAMMING OF RIVERS CAUSES SIGNIFICANT CO2 IMPACTS FLOODED VEGETATION LOSES ITS ABILITY TO ABSORB CO2 THE ROTTING BIOMASS RELEASES SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF METHANE, A GREENHOUSE GAS. 5/21/2014 6

70 Small-Hydro 5/21/2014

71 Benefits of Small-Hydro 5/21/

72 La Rance Tidal Power Plant, France /21/2014

73 La Rance Power Plant, France Source: George Hagerman 73 5/21/2014

74 La Rance Tidal Power Plant Arrangement Sea-side entrance to navigation lock Powerhouse section (24 x 10 MWe units) Sluice gates Source: George Hagerman 21 May

75 Tidal Power Two-way generation The rate of water discharge can be varied to raise or lower the power level 75 5/21/2014

76 Thank you Saifur Rahman