LEARNING FROM GHANA S INDC

Transcription

1 TRAINING WORKSHOP ON INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (INDCs) - ANGLOPHONE & LUSOPHONE COUNTRIES LEARNING FROM GHANA S INDC LAICO Lake Victoria Hotel, Entebbe, Uganda September 2015 DR EMMANUEL TACHIE OBENG Climate Change Unit, Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

2 Issues to cover in this presentation 4. Investment requirements 1. Ghana s national circumstances 3. INDC options from analysis 2. Technical analysis steps 2

3 Ghana s national circumstances - socio-economic aspects 3

4 THE PROCESS OF GHANA S INDC PREPARATION Concept Note & National Agenda Stakeholder meetings Brainstorming Core and Working Group Meetings INDC Kick-off Workshop Inception report Mid-term report Core Group Reviews Final report EOI & Recruitment of Consultants Awareness Creation Promotiom Materials, Capacity Building Consultation Technical, Political & EMT, National Processes - (Reviewed by Line Ministries, Carbinet Endorsement and Disclosure)

5 Technical Analysis steps Analysis framework Adaptation contribution Mitigation contribution Multi-sectoral teams Selection of sectors Methodology approaches Financial analysis Institutional arrangement RIPS, Geography Dept., IESS - Legon, EPA, Mini stry of Health & Patience Damptey Based on adaptation needs, adaptation gaps, consistent with climate change policy Reviewed of existing national adaptation related documents. Multi-sector and cross-scale assessments. Prioritization of adaptation options Determine which option is unconditional and conditional. Cost-benefit analysis FC, EC, EPA, Economics Dept., Legon, Zoomlion, MoFA, Mr. Yaw Osafo, Mr. Philip Acquah Major GHG emission sectors (historical emissions profile) Determine historical emissions ( ) Business as usual scenario ( ) Mitigations scenario ( ) Screen of mitigation actions Assessment of GHG impacts and co-benefits Determine which option is unconditional and conditional. Linkage with existing national climate change institutional arrangement Monitoring and Evaluation Linkage with existing development M & E structures (NDPC ) Working platform Series of informal technical review and drafting meetings, 3 resident writing meetings 5

6 Climate Change vulnerability spread in Ghana 6

7 The impacts of climate change is real in Ghana Threatens Lives Planning Coastal Threats and erosion to of properties energy food national security security outdoor are at risk events Profitable needs cocoa a second production look is No 3Threatens unlikely rd June, more in 2015 option the 12million future Accra to rely Ghanaians if floods action Akosombo is not hydroelectric 6living taken th March, at immediately. the560km Parade dam coastline 7

8 Ghana greenhouse gas emissions profile Sectors & Sub-sectors Emissions MtCO 2 e % Change Energy Stationery energy combustion (e.g. Thermal electricity plants) Transport (e.g. road transport) Fugitive emission (e.g. Unintended emissions from gas transmission from Jubilee fields to Atuabo) 2. Industrial Process & Product Use Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Livestock Land Aggregated and Non-CO 2 emissions (e.g. rice cultivation, fertilization use, biomass burning) Waste Total emissions (excluding AFOLU) Total net emissions (including AFOLU) Emission levels are low but the potential to grow is high looking at the current economic development trajectory 8

9 Technical options from the technical analysis Adaptation Option The long-term goal of Ghana s adaptation is to increase climate resilience and decrease vulnerability for enhanced sustainable development. Informed by: Good governance and inter-sectoral coordination, Capacity-building, role of science, technology and innovation, Adequate finance from both domestic sources and international cooperation, Outreach by informing, communicating and educating the citizenry and Adhering to accountable monitoring and reporting.

10 Adaptation Strategic Focus The actions to be undertaken from 2020 to 2030 towards Ghana s INDC are in the following 3 strategic areas: Sustainable Land Use, Climate Resilient Strategic Infrastructure and Equitable Social Development. Special focus on: Energy security Food security Coastal Resource Management Climate Proof Infrastructure (road, dams, telecommunication, electricity and housing) 10

11 Goal of Adaptation Options The goals Adaptation options fall within 12 broad categories and are informed by specific options as directly implementable activities. Attaining the INDC outputs will depend on 2 requirements. 1. Conditional (coming with external support other than government to enable at least 50% of the specific options to be implemented and 2. Unconditional (coming without external support and all specific options implemented using national budget and bilateral support 11

12 Sector Strategic area INDC Policy Actions No of Programme of Actions Agriculture and food security Sustainable forest resource management Resilient Infrastructure in built environment Climate change and health Water resources Gender and the vulnerable Sustainable land use Climate resilient strategic infrastructure Equitable social development Agriculture resilience building in climate vulnerable landscapes Value addition-based utilization of forest resources City-wide resilient infrastructure planning Early warning and disaster prevention Managing climate-induced health risk Integrated water resources management Resilience for Gender and the Vulnerable Some of the priority adaptation policy actions will yield positive synergies with mitigation policy actions. 12

13 Mitigation Option Headline GHG emission reduction target Ghana s emission reduction goal is to unconditionally lower its greenhouse gas emissions by 15% relative to a business as usual (BAU) scenario of MtCO 2 e by 2030 in line with its medium-term development agenda and the anticipated long-term socio-economic transformational plan (40 year plan). An additional 30% emission reduction is attainable, if international support covering the full cost of implementation (finance, technology transfer, capacity building) is made available to Ghana, which translates to a total emission reduction of 45% below BAU emission levels by

14 GHG Emissions Reduction Trajectory 14

15 Sectors and Actions to attain emission reduction goal Mitigation actions were selected based on the following key factors. 1. Government is committed (policy and financial wise) to get the action implemented. Aligned with government priorities; 2. There is enough baseline data and clear set target that can be used for the emission modeling and assessment of co-benefits; 3. It is possible to estimate financial needs (reasonable budget, pragmatic) with clear sources of funding; 4. It is possible to estimate sustainable development benefits; 5. Technology and capacity are available to be deployed in the Ghanaian market; 6. Mitigation actions are part of the list of 55 NAMAs; 7. Tools exist for emission modeling. 15

16 Sector Sub-sector Actions Investment requirement (million $) Energy Renewable energy 1. Increase small-medium hydro installed capacity up to MW 2. Attain utility scale wind power up to MW 3. Attain utility scale solar electricity up to MW 4. Establish solar 55 mini-grids with an average capacity of 100kW which translates to 10MW 5. Increase solar lantern replacement in rural nonelectrified household to 2 million. 6. Scale up the 200,000 solar home systems for lighting in urban and selected non-electrified rural households. 7. Scale up adoption of LPG use from 5.5% to 30% periurban and rural households up to Scale up access and adoption of 2 million improve cook stove up to ,

17 Sector Sub-sector Actions Investment requirement (million $) Transport Road and rail Forestry (REDD+) Afforestation Cocoa REDD+ Expansion of inter and intra city mass transportation modes (Rail and bus transit system) in 4 cities 1. Double 10,000ha annual reforestation/afforestation of degraded lands translating to 20,000ha on annual basis. 1,201 4,953 Wildfire Management 2. Support enhancement of forest carbon stocks through 5,000ha per annum enrichment planting. 3. Result-based emission reduction in cocoa landscape (Cocoa REDD+ programme 4. Wildfire management in the Transition and Savanna dry lands in Ghana 17

18 Sector Sub-sector Actions Investment requirement (million $) Waste Biogas in schools Waste to energy Waste to compost 1. Improve effectiveness of urban solid collection from 70% to 90% by 2030 and disposed all to an engineered landfills for phase-out methane recovery from 40% in 2025 to 65% by Scale up 200 institutional biogas in senior high schools and prisons nation wide 3. Double the current waste to compost installed capacity of 180,000tonne/annum by

19 Means of Implementation - Investment requirement Ghana is expected to mobilize nearly USD 22.6 billion investment from both domestic and international public and private sources USD billion (representing 45 % of the total investment) is needed for mitigation USD billion is needed for adaptation. Ghana will seek to mobilize USD 6 billion (28.3% of total investment) Domestic Source USD 16 billion will come from international support. 19

20 Sources of finance No Sources Indicative Amounts ($) (Billion) % of total investment Domestic sources 1 National Budget Corporate Social Responsibility Commercial facilities International sources 1 Green climate fund Other multilateral fund funds Bilateral agreements Private capital investment International carbon market Total

21 Technology and Capacity needs Ghana Requires Requisite technology and know-how and Favourable stimulate innovation, Capability development to fully implement its indc. In this regard, Ghana will be looking for international partnership to take advantage of the opportunities for technology development and transfers and continuous upskilling especially in the priority INDC sectors. 21

22 Monitoring Report and Verification (MRV) Ghana recognizes MRV system forms an important part to ensuring the successful delivery Ghana s MRV system is an integral part of the existing national development monitoring and evaluation structures. Deploy to track progress towards achieving INDC goals Attain Emission reduction and adaptation goals Any modifications in the priority policy actions Incorporate in a broad sector based stakeholder support with National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) for periodically information review through Annual Progress Report (APR). 22

23 5. Fairness and Ambition Ghana considers its INDC to be fair and ambitious for 4 main reasons: Formal emission reduction obligation to control the growth of its GHG emissions, despite emission level of 0.1% of global GHG emissions in With Ghana s GHG emissions per capita of 1.3tCO 2 e, with full implementation of both unconditional and conditional mitigation contribution will lead to reduce per capita emissions to 0.8 tco 2 e by Urgent development needs and level risk climate change pose to the strategic sectors of its economy, Ghana must have focused on reducing the risk of climate change impacts. Current GDP per capita of $1,461, Ghana considers its contribution as more than fair, taking into account that its current capacity to mobilize and invest in appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures in order to achieve it INDC goals. 23

24 Challenges 1. Initial Financial Challenges 2. Pressure from external consultants 3. Pressure from development partners 4. Broad-based consultation 5. Awareness Creation Campaign and INDC Promotion Materials 6. Technical Capacity 7. Financial analysis 8. Time constraints 24

25 Thank you 25