Energy & Water Auditing

Transcription

1 Green Office Challenge February 2009 Energy & Water Auditing i Donald Fournier Donald Fournier Chair, Building Research Council Program Manager, SEDAC School of Architecture University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2 Overview Drivers for Energy Efficiency Energy/Water Audit Basics Audit Walkthrough Analysis of Options Implementing

3 Drivers for Efficiency It is a new world out there: Oil rollercoaster on availability and prices, Natural Gas availability and prices, Electrical deregulation.

4 U.S. Energy Flows 2007 (Quads) Source: DOE/EIA 2007 Source: US EIA/DOE 2008

5 Energy Efficiency The energy efficiency i policies, i building and appliance codes, incentives, and technology improvements in the U.S. since the mid-1970s now avoid the use of approximately: 40 quadrillion Btu/year roughly 40 percent of the energy currently consumed. The emission of more than 2 billion tons of CO2 per year.

6 Energy Efficiency The cost of saving energy is going down while the price of energy is going up. Efficiency is the cleanest, cheapest, safest, and most secure source energy we have. These savings from energy efficiency to date have not yet come close to tapping the full potential for savings. Incentives are available under EPAct 2005/ EISA 2008/Illinois EEPS to get deductions and tax credits and incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

7 Impact of Buildings Buildings in the United States consume: 71% of electricity production. 39% of total energy flows. 17% of total US freshwater flows (12% of potable). 25% of the harvested wood. Buildings in the United States generate: 38% of CO2 emissions. i 50% of the CFC emissions. 136 million tons of C&D waste (40% of landfill 136 million tons of C&D waste (40% of landfill material lbs/person/day).

8 Office Challenge Goals Base Goals Stretch Goals Energy Use Reduction 10% 30% Waste Reduction 30% 50% Water Use Reduction Tenant Engagement 10% 20% 25% 50%

9 What SEDAC Has Found Potential energy savings ranged from a high of 80% to a low of 3%for existing buildings and between 86% and 12% for new designs. Data from 70 existing buildings shows: 32% energy savings. 34% energy cost savings. Typical savings of $50k per year. Data from 39 new building designs shows: 41% energy savings. 38% t i 38% energy cost savings. Typical savings of $51k per year.

10 Large versus Small Buildings Envelope dominated d versus internal gain dominated. d Smaller Buildings (envelope dominated): Envelope very important Systems important Lighting g important Plug loads less important Larger Buildings (internal gain dominated): Envelope less important Systems very important Lighting very important Plug loads important

11 Typical Energy Usage Office Building in our Climate Zone Source: National Grid, ESource, 2002

12 Energy Auditing You need to know where you are before you can determine where you are going. An audit is basically information gathering and evaluating.

13 Information Gathering Information needed on the building: Type, size, purpose. Operating schedule. Monthly energy & water consumption (at least one year). Any information already available (previous audits & building plans) What do you want to achieve (desires & y ( goals)?

14 Analyzing Energy Use

15 Analyzing Energy Use

16 Bench Marking Determine energy usage per square foot per year. Determine energy cost per square foot per year. How well does this building perform compared to other: Energy Star Target Finder CBECS Performance Targets Table

17 Energy Star Target Finder

18 Buildings not in Target Finder

19 Energy and Cost Performance Indicators EUI, ECI Principal Building Activity EUI ECI kbtu/sf/yr $/sf/yr Education Food Sales Food Service Health Care Inpatient Outpatient Lodging Residential Retail (Other Than Mall) Office Public Assembly Public Order and Safety Religious Worship Service Warehouse and Storage Vacant

20 Business Analyzer

21 Buildings have 3 Systems Non-energized (envelope) Windows, doors, roofs, walls, etc. Energized HVAC, lighting, water heating, plug loads, and process loads. Human people in the building who turn things on and off, leave windows open, come and go, and require heat, light, & air.

22 Building Envelope Separates the building from the outside. Check insulation levels l and wall construction type. Check roof type and insulation levels. Consider how well the building is sealed. Need to check windows (how many, size, type, double pane/storm windows present).

23 Gather and Note Information Note the envelope data. If you don t have drawings: Sketch footprint. Note orientation. Site issues (room for geo well field Site issues (room for geo well field, wind turbines, solar arrays).

24 A NOTE ON SAFETY Boiler rooms and HVAC equipment can be hazardous places. Have a building operator take you around. Don t touch hot pipes, etc. Carefully gather data and discuss equipment and issues with operators.

25 Energized Systems HVAC type, size, model #, condition, age: Boilers or furnaces. Chillers or A/C units. Types of systems (conditioning delivery). Ventilation and its controls. Hot Water: Type of system and energy source. Usage estimate. Lighting: Types of lamps and fixtures and counts. Types of exit lights. Types of controls.

26 Process & Plug Loads What is there: Computers Lamps Appliances Are they Energy Star? How are they operated?

27 Human System Number of employees Hours of operation Number of PCs Lighting levelsl Temperature settings Control strategies

28 Energy Analyses List your options, goals, and desires. Focus on your 10 best things to do. Review the utility trends and spot opportunities. Calculate energy and cost savings for options. Document your findings and Document your findings and recommendations.

29 Putting it Together Needs Technically Appropriate Biggest Energy Users Biggest Energy Costs Work from End Use Back to Central Plant Capital for Down Payment Rolling Quick Savings into Long Term Rolling Quick Savings into Long Term Investments

30 Looking for Money Grants, rebates, and tax deductions can significantly impact the cost effectiveness of energy efficiency. Many sources are out there for both the private and public sectors. Seek and ye shall find.

31 Commercial Tax Deduction -EPAct 2005 (thru 12/13) Category Energy Savings (vs. ASHRAE ) Incentive Whole Building 50% Deduction of up to $1.80/sq. ft. Lighting, HVAC/hot water, or Envelope 50% Deduction of up to $0.60/ sq. ft. per system Lighting savings of at least 25% 25-50% Sliding scale: $0.30/sq. ft. for 25% savings to $0.60/sq.ft. for 40% and above

32 Rebates and Incentives IL Portfolio Standards Rebates and Incentives Coming in June: Benefits from ComEd & DCEO. Will rebate costs based on a standard set of efficiency improvements or on a custom basis. Gas companies now playing People s

33 Key Web Links Link Information DCEO Energy Programs: guidelines, RFPs, contacts, applications, and other resources ComEd Smart Ideas guidelines, applications, and resources, including on line application system EEPS Information for DCEO, ComEd and Ameren EEPS programs Smart Energy Design Assistance Center: Technical assistance for businesses and public sector providing energy information, news and trainings, energy service provider list DCEO Recycling Programs for local government, businesses and non profits IL Clean Energy Community Foundation: grants for energy efficiency, renewable energy and natural areas for local government and non profits

34 Free Downloads at ASHRAE AEDGs

35 Sources of Information g org/tax n.html

36 Illinois Smart Energy Design Assistance Center Web site: Contact: