CHAPTER-VII POWER RESOURCE. Power is of fundamental importance in the economic development of

Transcription

1 CHAPTER-VII POWER RESOURCE Power is of fundamental importance in the economic development of any given region and it helps maximize the standard of living of people of that region. Generally, higher per capita income is associated with higher per capita energy consumption (Reddy and Krishna, 1977). There is a direct correlation between levels of energy consumption and economic out put (Vidyanath and Mohan Rao, 1988). It is also accepted that provision of energy is an important factor in the development process. The present societies are characterised by consumption of energy in agriculture, mining, manufacturing and transport sectors. Agricultural production is also positively associated with the energy input (Makhanjani and Poole, 1975). Like wise, every aspect of economy of a region needs power for its optimum utilization. In India too, like many developing countries, energy is used in a variety of forms (Aranachalam, 1980). Power is an essential factor for the optimum utilization of natural resources. The extent of the utilization of natural resources is determined by the availability of power. So, energy is a basic requirement of economic production. It is viewed that the study region has been endowed with several power resources of which a few can be harnessed to a greater extent. The study 141

2 region is one of the rich natural resource regions of the state, but development is less due to lack of other aspects of economy which needs more generation of power and its consumption. Power is available to man in a variety of forms. The main source of commercial energy, include coal, mineral, oil and electricity. The non-commercial forms associated with power includes fuel wood, agricultural waste, animal dung and animal energy. In the context of the study region, the sources of energy are electricity, fuel wood, animal dung and agricultural waste. Objectives and mode of Analysis The present study intends to analyse the resource base related to power resource of the district. It aims to highlight the extent of utilization of different sectors of power. The study also discusses the energy generation from gobar gas plants. Further, it explains the pattern of development of power resources for the study period from to The study is based on secondary sources. The data are collected from Karnataka Electricity Board, Bellary and District Planning units. The tables have been prepared from the collected data to draw meaningful conclusions. Kendall s ing Co-efficient Method has been utilized to discuss the spatial variation in the power resource development of the district. 142

3 Power potential As far as the power potential is concerned the study region has been associated with power potentials like wind, solar, and hydel power, which are renewable in nature. Of the different sources of electricity generation, it is an unequivocal fact that hydel power stations are the best from many points of view. These include their simplicity of design, easy maintenance, absence of pollution and Zero fuelling cost as the source is a perpetual one and goes to waste if not exploited. As such, the district generates hydel power in some quantities. There is enormous scope for the development and utilization of other power resources such as wind, solar energy, etc. Hydel power generation Tungabhadra Multipurpose Project: The chief objectives of this multipurpose project are irrigation and power. It is jointly executed by the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It comprises a 2441 meters long and meters high straight gravity masonry dam across the Tungabhadra at Mallapur in Bellary district. Two canals on the right side and one canal on the left side of the river start from the reservoir. Similarly, there are 2 power houses on the right side and one on the left side. Of the 3 power houses 2 are situated at the foot of the dam, one on either side and the third one is at the 15 kilometers of the right bank low level canal. All 143

4 the three power houses have a total power potential of 126 mw, 8 units of 9 mw each on the right bank and 6 units of 9 mw each on the left bank. A 22 kv line connects the Tungabhadra power complex to the state grid. Thermal power generation Action has been initiated to set up a power plant with a view to reduce dependence on power supply from outside the state. The Karnataka Power Corporation has initiated action to setup the Vijayanagar Thermal Power Station near Kuditini village which is 38 kms from the Hospet town, at a cost of Rs crores. The Power Plant will generate 500 mws of power per day. M/s. Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd. has set up a thermal power unit that will be producing about 260 mws of power and M/s. Bellary Steels and Alloys Ltd. is planning to set up its captive power generation unit of 80 mws. If all these projects come through, Bellary, district will become an important powerproducing centre in this region. Electricity consumption The Hadagali, Kudalagi, HB Halli and Siraguppa taluks are fed by the power generated at the Munirabad generating station, which has an installed capacity of kws and Bellary, Sandur and Hospet taluks are fed by the Tungabhadra dam site and Hampi generating stations, which have an installed capacity of kws each. There are also five master unit sub-stations at 144

5 Bellary, Siraguppa, Toranagal, Kudalagi and HB Halli and the installed capacity of each of these units ranges from 1 MV A, 66/11 kv to 2 of 8 MVA 66/11 kv (Table 7.1). Table 7.1: Electricity consumed by different sectors (% of kwt) Name of taluks Sectors Industrial Agricultural Domestic Other Per Capita consumption Bellary Hadagli HB Halli Hospet Kudalgi Sandur Siraguppa District total Source: Executive Engineer, Karnataka Electricity Board, Bellary The power consumption of industries in Bellary district is 36 percent of the total power generated. Among the taluks Bellary district, Sandur and Bellary have the highest shares of power consumption in the industrial sector. The lowest share of power consumption in the industrial sector is recorded in Hadagali taluk, which is predominantly agricultural. In the domestic sector, Bellary with largest population stands first in power consumption and Kudalagi taluk stands second. The lowest 145

6 consumption in domestic sector is noticed in Sandur taluk as evident from Table 7.1. There is a tremendous increase in the consumption of power in the agricultural sector which accounts for 27 percent of the total generated. Among the taluks the highest power consumption is noticed in Hadagali and HB Halli taluks and the lowest in Bellary taluk. Besides, Kudalagi and Siraguppa taluks also consume a lot of power for irrigation purpose in this sector. For other purposes, the highest share of consumption is noticed in Hospet taluk followed by Bellary taluk. The lowest share of power consumption for other purposes is noticed in Bellary taluk which accounts for percent of the total consumption. Among the taluks of the study region, Bellary taluk, percent and Hospet percent recorded the highest percentage of power consumption as against Siraguppa 5.82 percent, which is the lowest in the district (Table 7.2). The per capita consumption of electricity in Bellary district during was kwh. It was highest in Sandur taluk (73.22 kwh) followed by Hospet taluk and HB Halli taluk. The lowest per capita consumption was in Siraguppa taluk. The high per capita consumption in Sandur and Hospet was chiefly due to Iron and Manganese, mining industries. 146

7 Table 7.2: Electricity Consumption and Gobar Gas Plants Name of the taluks Electricity consumption (Percentage) Gobar Gas plants % % Bellary Hadagli HBHalli Hospet Kudalgi Sandur Siraguppa District total Source: Executive Engineer, Karnataka Electricity Board, Bellary. Electricity was supplied to 365 villages by This works out to 71 percent of the total number of villages. Further, with the increase in power generation, the Karnataka state Electricity Board strengthened the transmission and distribution net work. Production of Energy by Gobar Gas Plants In the absence of power producing units like coal and oil the noncommercial energy resources of the district include fuel wood, agricultural wastes and gobar gas plants. Fuel wood is not regularly supplied to the people because of their shortage during recent days. Agricultural wastes have been utilized for other purposes. So the chief source of domestic energy for rural

8 people is animal dung, by which bio-gas can be produced. It is observed in the district that domestic energy is obtained from the huge amount of live stock population where agriculture and forests provide grazing to feed them. Animal waste is the main raw material for gobar gas plants. During , the gobar gas plants of the study region amounted to 54 only as against the present plants of 280. Out of them percent is confined to Siraguppa taluk, where animal rearing is part of the occupation of the farmers in order to utilize them in the cultivated lands (Table 7.2). In addition, the easy availability of irrigation lands and agricultural wastes provide surplus feed to the animals. Bellary and Hospet are the other important taluks in the production of energy through biogas plant. These taluks account for and 14 percent respectively of the district s total gober gas plants. Here the supply of raw dung is more due to large scale rearing of the animals. Power Resource Development Profile For assessing the spatial variation in the power resource development at each taluk level two indicators have been selected. They are percentage of electricity consumption and percentage of gobar gas plants. The regional variation in the development of power resource has been represented in Table 7.3 and Fig. 7.1 for the years and

9 The high development in the utilization of power resources has been noticed in Bellary and Hospet taluks. These taluks record high consumption of electricity for industries, commercial and domestic lightings. So as compared to the other taluks of the study region in respect of power utilization the above two taluks rank highest. In the year , Sandur, Hospet and Bellary recorded high percentages of power consumption. Moderate development of electricity provides energy for agricultural based industries, irrigation and lighting. Gobar gas plants are the main sources of domestic energy in the taluks. During , Sandur, Hadagli and Kudalagi had moderate development in the utilization of power resources. Table 7.3: Power Resource Development Profile Name of taluk % of Electricity consumption %of Gobar Gas Plants Coefficient Index %of Electricity consumption %of Gobar Gas Plants Coefficient Index Bellary Hadagli HBHalli Hospet Kudalgi Sandur Siraguppa

10 BELLARY DISTRICT POWER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Fig.7.1

11 The remaining two taluks namely, Siraguppa and HB Halli represented low development in utilization of power resources. The electricity consumption and use of Gobar gas plants of the respective taluks are still less. 150