Composting and the National Composting Strategy

Transcription

1 Phone Composting and the National Composting Strategy Richard Emery (Pr.Tech.Eng, PrCPM) Jeffares & Green (Pty ) Ltd, Integrated Solid Waste & material management, Municipal and Sustainable Engineering Divisions

2 ORGANIC WASTE? COMPOSTING? Under the National Organic Waste Composting Strategy (DEA, 2013), Organic Waste was defined as A carbon-based material of animal or plant origin (that is defined as waste in terms of the South African gazetted National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008:) that naturally enhances fertility of soil through a natural degradation process (natural occurring fertilizer) but excludes human made organic chemicals (such as solvents, chemicals and cleansing agents) and naturally occurring organic chemicals which have been refined or concentrated by human activity (such as oil, petroleum, diesel and tar products). Organic Waste will generally comprise materials that can be accepted for disposal at a licensed municipal general waste landfill facility (i.e. excludes infectious, poisonous, health-care and hazardous organic wastes). Composting Controlled biological process in which organic materials are broken down by micro-organisms. Guide to Best Practice for Organics Recovery (Sustainability Victoria 2009)

3 WHERE DOES COMPOSTING AND ORGANICS RE-USE FIT IN? COMPOST - A stabilised, homogenous, fully decomposed substance of animal or plant origin to which no plant nutrients have been added and that is free of substances or elements that could be harmful to man, animal, plant or the environment. Hierarchy, or preferred order, for managing waste is established in the national waste management strategy Sustainable re-use Avoidance is first priority Creating another industry dependent on waste

4 WHERE DOES COMPOSTING AND ORGANICS RE-USE FIT IN? The hierarchy then includes two separate but related components, recycle and compost and create energy. The National Waste Information Baseline Report (2012) (NWIBR) estimates the total general organic waste generated in South Africa to be in the region of 3 million tonnes for the year 2011, of which approximately 35% is currently recycled and the remainder (about 2 million tonnes) is landfilled.

5 A SYSTEMS APPROACH

6 A BIT OF HISTORY J&G were appointed to provide a national composting strategy document for DEA (2012/2013) J&G applied for the task to change to include alternative organic waste treatment processes, but this was not accepted for procurement reasons, J&G provided a proposed strategy (2013) Engaged with Stakeholders Included a Guideline document as part of the package (2013). DEA used this Strategy to compile their (now) DRAFT National Environmental Management: Waste Act: National norms and standards for organic waste composting (7 Feb 2014)

7 THE STRATEGY THE GUIDELINE

8 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Technology Organic recovery operation: inputs Outputs from organic recovery Open Windrow Composting Controlled Environment Open Composting In-vessel composting Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Fermentation Pyrolysis/gasification Source separated garden waste Mulches Limited amounts of food/other wet organics Composts Source separated garden waste Limited amounts of food/other wet organics Source separated garden waste Food/other wet organics Food/wet organics Organic load extracted from source separated organics or derived organics rich fraction (DORF) from mixed waste Starchy/sugary organics Potentially woody organics Predominantly dry/woody organics from source, ODRF or residual from other organics recovery Blended products Potentially woody material combustion/refuse derived manufacture Renewable energy Organic fertilizers Bio-products (alcohols, organ that can be used to synthe products and fuels) Potential gas for renewable en Renewable energy Syngas/synoil products refinement and use as fuel Boichar and other charcoal pro Mixed waste Richard Renewable Emery, energy

9 Anaerobic Fermentation Pyrolysis/gasification Combustion RDF Manufacture Mechanical Biological Processing Biological Mechanical Processing Potentially woody organics that can be used to synthesise polym Predominantly dry/woody organics from source, ODRF or residual from other organics recovery Mixed waste Derived from organic fraction from mixed waste Woody organics from other organics recovery operations Derived from organic fraction from mixed waste Woody organics from other organics recovery operations Mixed waste is screened to recover DORF Anaerobic/and or aerobic treatment Mixed waste is first processed using aerobic composting, followed by screening of organics and recoverable recyclables products and fuels) Potential gas for renewable energy Renewable energy Syngas/synoil products for furth refinement and use as fuel Boichar and other charcoal products Renewable energy Ash and emissions scrubbing wastes whi may require management as prescrib wastes RDF for use as fossil fuel replacement Restricted use compost and stabilis organic products Potentially renewable energy Potentially some unrestricted use organ products Stabilised organics to landfill Stabilised organic fraction for land restricted land application or thermal ener recovery

10 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Figure 8: Graph showing the quantity of organic waste generated from various sources.

11 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Figure 8: Graph showing the quantity of organic waste generated from various sources.

12 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Figure 8: Graph showing the quantity of organic waste generated from various sources.

13 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Figure 8: Graph showing the quantity of organic waste generated from various sources.

14 SOME SNIPPITS OF THE J&G DOCUMENT Figure 8: Graph showing the quantity of organic waste generated from various sources.

15 CONTENTS OF THE DRAFT N&S

16 Comment from the J&G/ERM/RWA project for DEA/KfW Technology Grouping Promising Technologies short term Potential Technologies medium term Potential Technologies long term Classification Technology options that are being practiced and / or under development in South Africa and those which have a strong potential for contributing to advanced integrated solid waste management in South Africa Technology options that have scope for successful applications in South Africa where appropriate conditions are in place. These conditions would require a technology well suited to the waste streams, one which is affordable, competitive, and represents a considered component of an advanced integrated solid waste management system. Technologies that are unlikely to have applications in South Africa in the short to medium term, except under specific circumstances (e.g. for processing a difficult waste stream) or where exceptional factors are in place (e.g. grant funding for a demonstration unit). Example Technologies Open Windrow Composting Clean Materials Recycling Facility Dirty Materials Recycling Facility Mechanical Biological Treatment Anaerobic Digestion Energy from Waste (Incineration) In-Vessel Composting Gasification Pyrolysis Plasma Gasification Mechanical Heat Treatment Aerobic decomposition of the waste in the presence of free oxygen; and Anaerobic decomposition of the waste in the absence of free oxygen

17 Comment from the J&G/ERM/RWA project for DEA/KfW Example composting mass balance

18 Comment from the J&G/ERM/RWA project for DEA/KfW J&G have worked with DEA and KfW on providing e-learning (blended learning) via online links

19 Phone Composting and the National Composting Strategy Richard Emery (Pr.TechEng, PrCPM) Jeffares & Green (Pty ) Ltd, Integrated Solid Waste & material management, Municipal and Sustainable Engineering Divisions