Chapter 2 Introduction to Energy

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1 Chapter 2 Introduction to Energy Use the Textbook Pages to help answer the questions

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3 Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes

4 1. The study of energy is important because about the development of energy resources and associated technologies will have to be made in your lifetime. Pg. 39 Good Jokes Serious Decisions Easy Solutions

5 2. energy sources can be regenerated in a relatively short period of time. Examples of these resources would be:,, Pg. 41 Renewable Nonrenewable Inexhaustible

6 3. energy sources cannot be replaced once they are used. Examples of these resources would be:,, Pg. 41 Renewable Nonrenewable Inexhaustible

7 4. energy sources are those that will never run out. Examples of these resources would be:,, Pg. 41 Renewable Nonrenewable Inexhaustible

8 5. Energy can be a type called energy, which is stored up energy, waiting to happen. Potential Kinetic Biomass Conversion Pg. 41

9 6. Energy can be a type called energy, which is energy in motion or moving energy. Potential Kinetic Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Pg. 42

10 7. Energy is found in 6 forms in our environment: (M) (E) (C) (H) (N) (L) Pg. 42

11 8. The most basic unit of measure for heat energy is the: (Btu). 1 Btu is the quantity of heat needed to raise 1 pound of water 1 Fº 1 Btu is about the amount of heat energy stored in 1 kitchen match Pg. 43 British Thermal Unit Burger Thermal Unit Bituminous Thermal Unit

12 9. The organization of nations committed to the strength & success of the oil market is known as: OPEC or the of 42 gallons in 1 barrel of crude oil Pg. 45 Original People Excavating Coal Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization for the Preservation of Economic Chaos

13 42 gallons in 1 barrel of crude oil

14 10. An is a restriction of trade with a country for political reasons. Pg. 45 Tariff Trade Wind Embargo

15 11. Energy involves making better use of available energy supplies. Pg. 45 Conversation Conversion Conservation

16 These are No Cost energy saving measures that you can take

17 These are No Cost energy saving measures that you can take

18 12. Energy is the changing of one form of energy into another. Can you name the energy conversions taking place in a motor vehicle? Pg. 46 Conversation Conversion Conservation

19 13. The term, Energy, expresses the extent to which one form of energy is usefully converted into another form of energy. (Examples: heat into mechanical energy or heat into light energy) Pg. 46 Efficiency Effervescence Everlasting

20 14. is a measure of the unavailable or lost energy in a closed system of conversion. Pg. 46 Entropy Entoufee Entree

21 15. Using the chart on page 47, what converter is most efficient?

22 16. Using the chart on page 47, what converter is least efficient?

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24 The basic idea behind these bulbs is simple. Electricity runs through the filament. Because the filament is so thin, it offers a good bit of resistance to the electricity, and this resistance turns electrical energy into heat. The heat is enough to make the filament white hot, and the "white" part is light. The filament glows because of the heat it incandesces. The problem with incandescent light bulbs is that the heat wastes a lot of electricity. Heat is not light, and the purpose of the light bulb is light, so all of the energy spent creating heat is a waste. Incandescent bulbs are therefore very inefficient. They produce perhaps 15 lumens per watt of input power.

25 A fluorescent bulb uses a completely different method to produce light. There are electrodes at both ends of a fluorescent tube, and a gas containing argon and mercury vapor is inside the tube. A stream of electrons flows through the gas from one electrode to the other (in a manner similar to the stream of electrons in a cathode ray tube). These electrons bump into the mercury atoms and excite them. As the mercury atoms move from the excited state back to the unexcited state, they give off ultraviolet photons. These photons hit the phosphor coating the inside of the fluorescent tube, and this phosphor creates visible light. It sounds complicated, so lets go through it again in slow motion:

26 There is a stream of electrons flowing between the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent bulb. The electrons interact with mercury vapor atoms floating inside the bulb. The mercury atoms become excited, and when they return to an unexcited state they release photons of light in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. These ultraviolet photons collide with the phosphor coating the inside of the bulb, and the phosphor creates visible light. The phosphor fluoresces to produce light. A fluorescent bulb produces less heat, so it is much more efficient. A fluorescent bulb can produce between 50 and 100 lumens per watt. This makes fluorescent bulbs four to six times more efficient than incandescent bulbs. That's why you can buy a 15 watt fluorescent bulb that produces the same amount of light as a 60 watt incandescent bulb.

27 17. Besides particulate emissions, what 3 harmful substances condense & contribute to acid rain? (CO 2 ), (NOx), (SOx) Pg. 48 Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Oxides

28 18. When the layer of gases in our atmosphere does not allow the heat from sunlight striking the earth to escape as it once did, this is referred to as the effect. Pg. 48

29 19. Gases produced by burning fossil fuels will lead to a phenomenon called. Pg. 48 Cool Earth Global Cooling Global Warming

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31 20. (reusing or remanufacturing) is a method of energy conservation that saves money and energy. It can be done at any level from personal to industrial to country or global! Remaking Recycling Redundant Pg. 49

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33 21. Give at least 3 ways that you or your family could or actually are recycling or conserving energy: 1) 2) 3)

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42 Perform a Home Energy Audit

43 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Main Ideas 2 Column Notes Supporting Details Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests

44 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Highlight Your Study Guides Before Tests Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests

45 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Read 3 Times Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests

46 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Ask Yourself These Questions Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests

47 Renewable Energy Sources Can be regenerated in a relatively short period of time Wood Cornstalks Sugarcane Non Renewable Energy Sources Cannot be replaced once they are used Coal Oil Natural Gas Inexhaustible Energy Sources Energy sources that will never run out Solar Wind Waves Tidal Geothermal

48 Energy Types Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Potential: Stored Up, Waiting to Happen or Waiting to Be Used Kinetic: Energy in Motion or Moving Energy 6 Forms of Energy always in our environment M Mechanical E Electrical C Chemical H Heat N Nuclear L Light

49 Most basic unit of measure for heat energy is the Btu British thermal unit is a measurement of Heat Quantity 1 Btu is amount of heat required to: raise the temperature of 1 pound of H 2 O 1º Fahrenheit Temperature is a measurement of Heat Intensity expressed in degrees

50 OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Embargo: trade restrictions placed on a country for political reasons Energy Conservation: making better use of energy supplies Energy Conversion: changing from one form of energy into another Energy Efficiency: how completely is the form of energy changed into another form

51 Air Pollution Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Particulate Emissions Ash, Soot, Carbon Dust CO2 Carbon Dioxide NOx Nitrogen Oxides or Oxides of Nitrogen SOx Sulfur Oxides rotten egg odor CO Carbon Monoxide poison gas, odorless HC Hydrocarbons unburned fuel, it smells! Refrigerant CCl 2 F 2 & CH 2 FCF 3 kills the Earth s Ozone Layer

52 Results of Air Pollution Acid Rain Increased incidents of cataracts & melanoma Greenhouse Effect which leads to Global Warming Congestion & Asthma & Allergies

53 Our environment is delicately balanced Here are some actions that we can take to battle the destruction to our environment Conserve Recycle Help to Design & Engineer a Better Future Learn! Technological Optimism & Technological Optimists Technological Pessimism & Technological Pessimists