1day. Therefore, capacity will be reached in approximately 85 days instead of 10 years kg / m

Transcription

1 Chapter Assue: Fro table 2-2, 1.07 ; capita / day tons 20,000 people x ; capita / day day tonnes landfill capacity = 21.4 ; x 65 days x 10 years = 78,110 tonnes day industrial waste = 900 tonnes per day, so tonnes is generated. day Therefore, capacity will be reached in approxiately 85 days instead of 10 years. 2-2 tracks(0.5 ft)( ft) = 2 ; 8 tonnes 2667 / Moisture transfer is the oveent of water fro wet aterials such as food waste to dry absorbent aterials like paper Assue: of waste collection; 220,000 /day generated waste; capita / day Assue: loose refuse (no copaction); density 120 ; 140,000 7 capacity capacity; Then, the expected life is: 7 1day capacity 76 days; 220,000 However, if it assued that the refuse is copacted to a density of 450, (140, 000 ) 6.10 capacity; Then the expected life is:

2 7 1day ,000 days 2-10 As-received Heat Value includes organic aterials, inorganic aterials and water. The heat value depends on ass of the saple and the heat generated by its cobustion. Calculated by: Heat value as easured by a calorieter (Btu/lb) Moisture-Free Heat Value the heat value of the object excluding the water coponent fro the denoinator Calculated by: kj Total Saple Mass HeatValue Total Saple Mass Mass of Water Moisture- and Ash-Free Heat Value the heat value excluding both water and inorganic aterial, or ash. Calculated by: kj Total Saple Mass HeatValue Total Saple Mass Mass of Water Mass of Ash 2-11 The objective of diversion is to increase the life of a landfill or to reduce the cost of disposal. The following equation is used to attain high diversion rates: Solid waste not going to landfill Total Municiple solid waste generated If the ore honest calculation is used, we do not begin to achieve 75% diversion: Mixed household Re cyclables and coercial waste recyclable s For exaple, suppose we assue that the purpose of the progra is to recycle ore. Then 450 are either diverting or recycling it and copare the different aounts of diversion obtained by the equations above. 4

3 2-1 Using representative values for bulk density (Table 2-5); Coponent Loose Density (/ ) Baled Density (/ ) Newsprint Office Paper Cardboard Glass HDPE PETE Steel Cans Yard Waste 0 00 Aluinu Cans Misc Assuing: 450 cobined waste: Loose Density = (taking weighted average of loose densities) 0.21(12) 0.15(240) 0.08(210) 0.12(00) 0.0(14) 0.0(18) 0.05(90) 0.18(50) 0.04(7) 0.11(180) Volue occupied by 450 of loose refuse: Baled Density = (taking weighted average of baled densities) 0.21(40) 0.15(420) 0.08(210) 0.12(1080) 0.0(40) 0.0(240) 0.05(510) 0.18(00) 0.04(150) 0.11(600) Volue occupied by 450 of baled refuse: Therefore, the loose volue is approxiately.6 ties as uch as the baled refuse volue Taking a weighted average of oisture contents, the overall oisture content is (assuing 45 of waste): 5

4 45 10 (70%) (6%) 8 (5%) 5 (2%) 4 (10%) (2%) 18 (60%) 10 (%) 9 (6%) 21.6% water On wet basis: M = 21.6% water (calculated in 2-14) Therefore; 45 d ; d Final dry weight of saple = 5.8 On dry basis: M d (100%) 27.5% 5.28 Wet basis is a fraction of wet weight of the saple. Dry basis is a fraction of the dry weight of the saple. Typically, ass is expressed on a wet basis Coposition of waste = 82% Other Waste, 18% Yard Waste Coponent % Water % of Weight Food Paper Cardboard Plastics Textiles Rubber 2.7 Metals 12.2 Misc Moisture Content (weighted average): (70%) 40.2 (6%) 9.8 (5%) 6.1 (2%) 4.9 (10%).7 (2%) 12.2 (%) 11 (6%) 1.1% water Overall Energy Content of Waste (weighted average assuing 40 ): 6

5 40 10 (4650) (16750) 8 (1600) 5 (2500) (17500) 4 (2250) 18 (6500) 10 (700) 9 (000) kj Coposition of Waste (assuing 40 ): Coponent Weight () % (by Weight) Food Paper Cardboard (wood) Plastics Textile Rubber Yard Waste Metals Misc Overall Energy Content: 12.7%(4650) 20.5%(16750) 9.2%(1600) 4.8%(2500).8%(7500) 5.10%(2250) 2.2%(6500) 9.1%(700) 11.6%(000) kj % (note: wood waste is assued to be the cardboard) 2-19 The answer is 1.2 J, (see figure 2-1) The answer to this proble depends on the current year. Students should get the current generation and diversion nubers fro the USEPA website and then copare those nubers to what is shown in Chapter 2 (2012 inforation). 7

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