EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE 3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management Urban solutions for global challenges September 2018 Budapest

Transcription

1 EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE 3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management Urban solutions for global challenges September 2018 Budapest

2 Managed Aquifer Recharge Challange and Opportunity J.P. Lobo Ferreira and Teresa Leitão (LNEC), Portugal J. P. Monteiro (UniAlg) and Tiago Carvalho (TARH), Portugal Christoph Schüth (TUD), Germany and Enrique F. Escalante (TRAGSA), Spain E. Filippi, V. Marsala (SGI), M. Ferri (AAWA) and Rudy Rossetto (SSSA UP), Italy PORTO WATER INNOVATION WEEK to 30 SEPTEMBER PORTO, PORTUGAL Managed Aquifer Recharge refers to different recharge techniques that allows reclaimed water to penetrate into the ground: - percolating through unsaturated soil (surface groundwater recharge), - or from below the ground, by injection or recharge wells (subsurface groundwater recharge). The advantage is that reclaimed water such as treated blackwater, graywater or stormwater is not just discharged into surface waters, but reused as water for irrigation in agriculture or to intentionally recharge groundwater aquifers via MAR.

3 Precipitation natural variation in Mediterranean countries: the example of Portugal Managed Aquifer Recharge - Principles Climate change impact Average surface runoff: 100 mm/yr 87,6 % SR Model HadRM2S92a Average yearly recharge: 245 mm/yr 83,4 % Rec Percentage of water reuse Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

4 Climate change impacts on the behaviour of aquifers and consequently on Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems > Groundwater levels change due to groundwater recharge decrease EDA S EDA S 1) Groundwater levels today 3) Groundwater level in ) Groundwater levels change between today's values and those of 2050 > Consequences of aquifer behaviour change: Modifications in groundwater recharges amounts and periods Modification in groundwater flow directions Modification in the amount of groundwater reaching GW dependent ecosystems Modification on the behaviour of GW dependant ecosystems (eventually at risk)

5 MARSOL Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought (FP7-Env-2013-Water-Inno-Demo) Start: Duration: 3 years EU Contribution: 5.2 Mio The main objective of MARSOL is. With this, MARSOL aims to stimulate the use of reclaimed water and other alternative water sources in MAR and to optimize WRM through storage of excess water to be recovered in times of shortage or by influencing gradients. Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

6 MARSOL Demonstration sites activities treated waste water, river water, desalinated water, rainwater harvesting

7 1 Technical Solutions (T.S) are not related to Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) technique as if it was the problem to solve. They are, to a large extent, the group of activities to increase MAR effectiveness, being MAR the solution to many related water management dysfunctions. DEL 13.1 MAR TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Q: A: How to increase the effectiveness of the devices and the infiltration rate? Adoption of Soil and Aquifer Treatments (SATs) and other complementary techniques, such as design and management improvements applicable to existing devices MARSOL demo sites: Experiences in 8 Mediterranean demo sites: 1- Lavrion 2- Algarve & Alentejo 3- Arenales 4- Llobregat 5- Brenta 6- Serchio 7- Menashe 8- Malta South 7

8 WP12 Modelling" _White_book_on_MAR_modelling_Sel ected_results_from_marsol_project

9 1 Facilities inventory DEL 13.1 MAR TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 25 devices 9

10 Sources for the artificial recharge : Quantity Dam Hydrological year Depth discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) Surface discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) ARADE 2000/ Total discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) Dam Hydrological year Depth discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) Surface discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) Total discharge (*10 3 m 3 ) ARADE 1995/ / / TOTAL (*10 3 m 3 )

11 During the extreme drought of 2004/2005 Volume of withdrawal water (*10 6 m 3 ) Percentage Agriculture % Urban supply of the Águas do Algarve regional system of Algarve Urban supply of the local municipalities % % Electrical Conductivity Private users Not Available - Total %

12 WP4: DEMO SITE 2 - PORTUGAL PT2_6 Algarve, Cerro do Bardo Experiment goal: assess Cerro do Bardo MAR site infiltration capacity and groundwater flow path Recharge experiment: infiltration of 47 L/s (~170 m3/h) of water in Cerro do Bardo dug well and natural sinkholes during 90 hours (coming from a AdA well located ~1,4 km distance) Tracer: 1000 kg NaCl April 2016 This MAR infiltration and tracer test allowed confirming that the DEMO Site: Is an adequate area to infiltrate water coming from the three dams, with the surplus from wet years The area has a minimum infiltration capacity of 4060 m3/d (170 m3/h, compared with 35 m3/h in Campina well, but it depends on headwater...) 12

13 Finite element regional fow model of the Querença Silves Aquifer System - SW-FW interface Scenario drought simulation with diferente injection scenarios Evolution of Seawater intrusion estimated at Bottom slice Evolution of Seawater intrusion at cross-section view Evolution of Seawater intrusion plume at 3D view

14 Condutividade eléctrica (us/cm) Cl e NO3 (mg/l) Profundidade ao nível (m) Results from continuous monitoring (groundwater and surface water) in Rio Seco artificial recharge basins during winter time (Out.2007/Mar.2008) Carreiros test site Winter time Estação húmida Bacia sul Traçador L1 Natural recharge monitoring zona não saturada Continuous monitoring in three piezometers zona saturada escoamento subterrâneo 5000 Curva de chegada do traçador ao piezómetro LNEC1 durante o ensaio realizado em Maio na Bacia de Carreiros 4 Spring time Estação seca Inicio do ensaio de infiltração 03/05 15h:45 Colocação do traçador na bacia 08/05 09h:35 Fim do ensaio 11/05 16h: Chegada do traçador ( 29 a 66 horas) Dia/hora Condutividade eléctrica (us/cm) Cl (mg/l) NO3 (mg/l) Profundidade ao nível - valor observado (m) Profundidade ao nível - valor registado (m) LNEC1 Artificial recharge experiments Electrical resistivity assessment May 2007

15 ± ± Rainwater harvesting (interception of precipitation in greenhouses) in Campina de Faro, Algarve Aerial view of a greenhouse complex and picture showing it s actual drainage system. The area is flat and is characterised by low recharge rates. In this conditions drainage is a serious problems in this area. Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i- cubed, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Kilometers

16 Malta MAR: reusing WWTP to prevent saltwater intrusion

17 DEMO SITE ARENALES, SPAIN (WP 5, TRAGSA) Arenales (DINA-MAR/TRAGSA) 1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014 LNEC 17

18 DEMO SITE BRENTA, ITALY (WP 7, SGI) & DEMO SITE SERCHIO, ITALY 1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014 LNEC 18

19 Brenta Sites Introduction SCHIAVON Forested Infiltration Area SCHIAVON FIA Brenta River Approx. 2 hectares Water infiltration rate: l/sec/hectare Fast growing tree species GW level: around -3 m b.g.l. Undifferentiated aquifer with high/medium permeability The watering of the pilot F.I.A. area takes place generally during non-irrigation periods, using the existing irrigation water conveyance system (ditches, underground pipelines). WP7: Brenta, Italy SGI, AAWA, UFZ, ICCS

20 /results?search_query=ma RSOL+Demo+sites Thank you! Obrigado!

21 Thank you for your attention!

22 EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE 3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management Urban solutions for global challenges September 2018 Budapest

23 PIANO PSC Strengthening China Europe Water Innovation meeting Update task 4 and Proposal Lisbonof a shared Strategic 2 October 2017 Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) Cooperation: results from PIANO project Relevance of PIANO results for future EU/China water innovation cooperation J.P. LOBO FERREIRA Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil Lisboa, Portugal In collaboration with 23

24 Define and delimit your domain, add possible sub-categories. Send note (ca. ½ page) to DTU. Identify core data sources for TWIs in your domain: - Provide 6-8 reports/analyses of TWI - Check EC water innovation project specific databases (e.g. ECOWEB, EUREKA). - Suggest possible other sources - Send a note to DTU (full references). LNEC LNEC with ISPRA 15May 5 June Make a gross list of at least 20 as far as possible TWIs in your domain, -Describe each TWI according to List Template defined by DTU. LNEC 5 August Score the TWI based on Scoring Template provided by DTU LNEC 10 Sept. Verify and comment on Inventory 1 sent by DTU LNEC 5 Oct Copyright All Rights Reserved. Milestone 5 Inventory of European technological water innovations for this domain DTU, EWA (CEWP) 30 Nov

25 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Potential areas for future cooperation On water quantity Models linking groundwater/surface water/transitional waters and coastal waters a) Flood risk mapping b) Drought prediction c) Comprehensive reservoir operation d) Rain harvesting methodologies On integrated modelling/monitoring a) information sharing technologies b) conflict resolution mechanisms c) decision support systems o o o o water quality models hydrological models monitoring modelling

26 WP 2: Technological Water Innovations

27 27

28 An untapped potential for water reuse in the EU Reused wastewater in Europe: 1 billion m³/year in 2006 = 2.4% of the total volume of treated effluents (5-12% in Greece, Italy and Spain) ~ 0.4% of annual EU freshwater withdrawals Achievable potential. 6 billion m 3 /year by 2025 A strategic option beneficial to both the environment and economy hm 3 /yr. Towards a more Circular Economy

29 29

30 5. DIAGNOSIS: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Torres Vedras groundwater body

31 River basin management and flood control 4.1. Preliminary selection of sub-thematic areas LNEC considered relevant for analysis the following ten sub-thematic areas: 1. research on flash flood forecasting and early warning based on enhanced precipitation flow models 2. landscape-scale sediment management and control / Loess plateau watershed rehabilitation project 3. prediction and management of drought and water scarcity situations and environmental impacts on wetlands / ecological restoration / rebuilding natural capital 4. climate change impact assessment on China water resources /water scarcity, drought indicators, forecasting and contingency planning 5. technologies for efficient distribution and higher water use efficiency 6. ecological minimum flow and migration of fish population 7. exchange of experiences on the implementation of measures preventing pollution 8. trans-boundary water management and related challenges in the field of pollution prevention, operation of early-warning systems, abstraction management and conflict management 9. management of groundwater, including groundwater monitoring and trends analysis in urban and agricultural areas / North China Plain aquifer at Risk Due to Groundwater Depletion 10. groundwater allocation arrangements to adequately regulate groundwater quantity and use / development of non-conventional water resources including managed aquifer recharge 31

32 Beyond the water sector: Agriculture

33 Framework Objectives Tasks Development Results Vadose zone monitoring and modelling Groundwater quality modelling Runoff and groundwater return flow to rivers 33

34 Geographical groundwater protection zoning Results achieved with the application of Krijgsman and Lobo Ferreira methodology to calculate intermediate protection zone for the porous and unconfined aquifer of Zhangji case study area (Q = 100 m 3 /day) Upgradient protection distance (m) Protection distance perpendicular to flow direction (m) Downgradient protection distance (m)

35 WATER DOMAIN WATER CHALLENGE TYPE OF TWI TECHNOLOGY CATEGORY DESCRIPTION WATER FOR ENERGY RETROFITTING OF EXISTING SMALL SCALE HYDROPOWER SCHEMES TURBINES AND COMPONENTS TWIEU, E6. Small turbines to be retrofitted e.g. intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigation dams ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: SMALLSCALE HYDROPOWER Use at existing structures HYDROMATRIX technology enables customers to tap into the unused hydropower potential of intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigation dams by using these existing structures as a profitable and renewable energy resource. Flexibility in arranging the small TG-units and associated electromechanical equipment allows integration of HYDROMATRIX plants in existing structures that fulfil the basic application criteria. High profitability HYDROMATRIX turbines can operate with only minimal tailrace submergence. Deep excavation and other costly civil work can be avoided, thus leading to significant cost savings. State-ofthe-art hydraulic runner design and generator technology guarantee highest possible energy generation through high levels of hydraulic and electrical efficiency. In 2010 ANDRITZ HYDRO received the Austrian State Prize for Environmental and Energy Technology for its HYDROMATRIX concept. source novativetechnologies.aspx /hy-hydromatrix-en.pdf

36 36

37 37

38 38

39 Source: BSVUE/view?usp=sharing Simon Spooner July 2014 WATER DOMAIN WATER CHALLENGE TYPE OF TWI TECHNOLOGY CATEGORY DESCRIPTION WATER FOR ENERGY RISK ASSESSMENT & PRESERVATION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS IN DAMMED RIVERS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) TWIEU, E15. Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure by application of integrated numerical tools ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure involves application of the existing and the development of new integrated numerical tools to assess the safety of dam foundations in rock masses considering extreme actions, such as those imposed by high intensity seismic events. Two major roles are anticipated for their use: assess the safety level of existing dams, in order to support decisions regarding the need for rehabilitation works; define and the major potential failure modes allowing a more effective design of new dams, and expediting the interpretation of data collected during or after the seismic events, and thus allowing an adequate support to the definition of emergency decisions. Report prepared for CEWP Business opportunities Pillar with support from EU SME Centre. Dams, dykes and flood safety China has more than 87,000 large and small scale reservoirs. About 22,000 of these are above 15 m high and so defined as large dams. Many of China s dams were built of compacted earth by mass people s movements from the 1950 s to the late 1970 s with little skilled engineering supervision and are expected to have a maximum lifetime of about 50 years13. Thus it has been estimated that more than 50% of the dams built in this period pose significant risks and require remedial work14. More than RMB 60 billion was spent during the 11th Five Year Plan period on dam remediation and investment in this is expected to increase sharply in 12th FYP to 2015 as a target of making all dams safe by 2015 has been set. This opens the opportunity for dam risk assessment and monitoring systems and novel technologies and methods for dam rehabilitation. The first contact for such projects could be the MWR International Cooperation Department or the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR). Actual engineering or construction work would be difficult for European firms to secure, but services and technologies could be supplied in partnership with Chinese contractors.

40 40

41 In collaboration with PIANO partners and 41

42 Thank you for your attention!