Introduction to Renewable Energy

Transcription

1 Introduction to Renewable Energy Frank Spencer MSc(Eng) BPhil(Sus Dev) CEO, G-Tech Energy

2 Agenda Why Renewables? Renewable Energy Sources & Technolgies Solar - Wind Hydro - Geo-thermal Wave - Bio-gas Bio-fuels Project Example More on SWH Questions

3 Why Renewables?

4 The problem... Unsustainable Resource Use Climate Change Collapse of Ecological Systems

5 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppmv) Past & Today CO 2 & Temp CO 2 -- Global Mean Temp Temperature ( C) Year AD - 1.5

6

7

8 Global Warming: Renewable Energy Sun Space Renewable Energy 280 CO2 Stable Equilibrium Temperature

9 RE Sources

10 Renewable Power

11 Solar in the World

12 Solar in South Africa

13 Wind is solar powered

14 Wind in South Africa

15 RE Technologies

16 Solar Water Heating

17 Solar Air-conditioners P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

18 Photo-Voltaics

19 Photovoltaics Silicon Crystalline Poly Mono Amorphous (thinfilm) Other Multi-junction Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS)

20

21

22 Process

23 Concentrated Solar Thermal

24

25 Central Tower Parabolic Dishes with Stirling Engine Parabolic Troughs Fresnel Concentrators

26

27 CSP: Linear Fresnel

28 Structure Parabolic Mirror Receiver

29 Solar Field Oil 395ºC Superheated Steam (100 bar, 380ºC) Melted Salts Steam Turbine Hot Storage Steam Generator Condense r Oil 295ºC Melted Salts Cold Storage Deaerator Reheated Steam (17 bar, 371ºC) Re-heater Oil Expansion Tank Pre-heater

30

31 Places for CSP

32 Wind Turbines

33

34

35

36 Wind Power = cube function of Wind Speed

37 Projects Napier Farm 15kW Proven Wind Turbine P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

38 Hydro

39

40 Hoover Dam

41 Micro-hydro

42 Micro-hydro

43 Micro-hydro potential

44 Geo-thermal Power Station

45 Geo-thermal

46 Wave

47 Wave

48 Wave

49 Tidal Power

50 Bio-digestors

51 Bio-fuels

52 Project Example

53 Complete End-to-End Energy Solutions P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61 Solar Water Heaters

62 Panels Flat plate collectors Vacuum tube collectors Vacuum tube-low pressure Vacuum pipe-high pressure Swimming pool collectors

63 Flat Plate Collectors

64 Flat Plate Collectors cont. Design: Copper fins welded/clamped to copper pipes Fins absorb sun s heat -> pipes C water More efficiency than Vacuum Tube

65 Vacuum Tube

66 Vacuum Tube cont. Low-pressure Two glass tubes, vacuum between Selective coating on inner tube C water High pressure Glass tube with vacuum, copper rod inside or heat pipe Heat conducted to manifold at the top C water Less efficient than Flat-plate

67 Vacuum Tube cont.

68 Geysers Horizontal traditional in SA On-roof (close-couple / compact) (insurance discount) In-roof (split) Vertical garage / boiler room Direct no heat-exchanger Indirect heat-exchanger

69 Residential Configurations Direct vs Indirect Heat exchangers Pumped systems

70 Direct vs Indirect

71 Pumped Systems Electrical pumped PV pumped

72 Thermodynamic Solar Water Heaters (Solar Heat Pumps) Works even when cloudy & rainy Panels can be painted Easy installation More savings than SWH with elec backup? P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

73 Solar Water Heaters When should you do it? NOW IS THE TIME ESKOM rebate just gone up, will go down each year.

74 Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency

75 Directors Frank Spencer Engineer & Project Manager Extensive Renewable & Sustainable Energy experience Jonty Rhodes Retired international cricket player Malcolm Rutherford Previously CFO of a large South Africa IT company Director of numerous other companies Jeff Beer Leading Magistrate (UK), Agriculturalist and Entrepreneur Awarded the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2005 P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

76 Key Partners Wind Proven Energy (UK) Solar SHARP Photovoltaics (UAE) Energie Thermodynaic SWH (Portugal) Other Sortech absorption chiller (Germany) NRG wind assessment equipment (USA) Graffo Towers (SA) Professional Watermarc Engineers (SA) 3E (Belgium) DHK Urban Concepts (SA) P O S I T I V E P OW E R - w w w. g t e c h e n e r g y. c o. z a

77 Thank you Questions?