Prof Behdad Moghtaderi Deputy-Director, Priority Research Centre for Energy The Newcastle Institute for Energy & Resources The University of Newcastle

Transcription

1 B NOVEL TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR REDUCING THE ENERGY FOOTPRINT OF OXY-FUEL POWER PLANTS b Prof Behdad Moghtaderi Deputy-Director, Priority Research Centre for Energy The Newcastle Institute for Energy & Resources The University of Newcastle PRIORITY RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ENERGY

2 Outline 2 Background Energy Efficient Air Separation (CLAS & ICLAS) Energy Efficient Power Generation (GAPG) Conclusions

3 Background 3 Source: Clean Energy Innovation Centre Fact Sheet: Carbon Capture, Version 1, 2009, prepared by Newcastle Innovation Pty Ltd, the Australian Institute for the Commercialisation and the Western Australian Sustainable Energy Association for Enterprise Connect, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research.

4 Oxy-fuel implications Oxygen plant 4 Source: Franco Montagner, UK/Australia Clean Coal Technologies, Symposium, 19 March 2009.

5 5 Source: Clean Energy Innovation Centre Fact Sheet: Carbon Capture, Version 1, 2009, prepared by Newcastle Innovation Pty Ltd, the Australian Institute for the Commercialisation and the Western Australian Sustainable Energy Association for Enterprise Connect, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research.

6 6 Source: Clean Energy Innovation Centre Fact Sheet: Carbon Capture, Version 1, 2009, prepared by Newcastle Innovation Pty Ltd, the Australian Institute for the Commercialisation and the Western Australian Sustainable Energy Association for Enterprise Connect, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research.

7 Plant age implications 7 Example: NSW (Australia) (Source: ACIL Tasman, 2009)

8 Energy Efficient Air Separation (CLAS & ICLAS) 8 Conventional Oxygen Plants Cryogenic air separation PSA and VPSA Membranes Thermo-chemical Water splitting Electrolysis Source: Cryogenic concept (Linde Ltd) PSA & VPSA Source: CRASYS Gas Separation Systems Ltd

9 Technology Features / Pros Cons 9 Cryogenic PSA / VPSA Membranes TC water Splitting Electrolysis High oxygen purity Large-scale production Mature & effective Moderate oxygen purity Small to medium scale production Modular ITMs (Fast O 2 transfer) 250 different cycles Temperatures in excess of 1600 o C (solar energy) Relatively easy to implement High energy footprint (Typically 0.35 to 0.4 kwh/nm 3 ) High operating cost High energy footprint High operating cost Complex Expensive manufacture Not suitable for large volumetric gases Very energy intensive Very expensive Very energy intensive Very expensive

10 Novel Technology Options 1. Chemical Looping Air Separation, CLAS, (Newcastle Uni, Australia) 10 Solid intermediate reduction (O 2 decoupling) O 2 Air Chemical Looping Solid intermediate oxidisation(o 2 coupling) N 2

11 11 Cold Flow Model 10 kw CLC Pilot-Plant Hot Flow Bench-Scale Unit

12 Reversible oxidation Me x O y-2 (s) + O 2 (g) Me x O y (s) 12 Source: B Moghtaderi, Energy Fuels, 24, , Potentially suitable metal oxide systems are: (CuO / Cu 2 O), (Mn 2 O 3 / Mn 3 O 4 ), (Co 3 O 4 / CoO)

13 The HYSYS process flow-sheet representation of the CLAS process 13 ~ 11% of cryogenic systems Source: B Moghtaderi, Energy Fuels, 24, , 2010.

14 14 Source: B Moghtaderi, Energy Fuels, 24, , 2010.

15 2. Integrated Chemical Looping Air Separation, ICLAS, (Newcastle University, Australia) 15 Given the need for recycled flue gas in oxy-fuel combustion, instead of steam recycled flue gas is employed in the ICLAS during the reduction phase. This: Lowers the overall energy footprint (no steam) and hence operational costs to levels well below CLAS. Simplifies the hardware required for chemical looping air separation. Leads to a more effective integration of the ASU with the oxyfuel plant due to better use of material and energy streams. Source: Behdad Moghtaderi and Terry Wall, A Method and Technique for Integrated Chemical Looping Air Separation in Large-Scale Oxy-Fuel Plants, Australian Provisional Patent, 2011.

16 Source: Behdad Moghtaderi and Terry Wall, A Method and Technique for Integrated Chemical Looping Air Separation in Large-Scale Oxy-Fuel Plants, Australian Provisional Patent, Oxy-fuel plant schematic adopted from CCSD publications. 16

17 Energy Efficient Power Generation: (Geothermal Assisted Power Generation, GAPG) 17 Source: Behdad Moghtaderi and Brad Mullard, Ageothermal Assisted Power Generation, Australian Provisional Patent, Oxy-fuel plant schematic adopted from CCSD publications.

18 GAPG eliminates the need for steam in feedwater heating GAPG reduces CO 2 emissions per unit of generating capacity without the need for any carbon capture and sequestration measures GAPG can be retrofitted to existing coal-fired assets Other renewables can be used but solar and wind energy suffer from intermittency; and many parts of the world lack adequate supplies of economically and logistically accessible biomass, solar and wind resources Previous American and European research suggests that hybrid coal-geothermal power generators should operate with substantially lower coal usage and therefore lower plant emissions and higher efficiencies 18

19 Hybrid Coal Geothermal Power Plant 19

20 Applicability? 20 Example: NSW (Australia)

21 Worldwide potential for GAPG reconfig. 21 US: up to 30% China: up to 20% India: up to 10% Given that China, the US, and India account for 33%, 25%, and 7% of the world's coal-fired electricity assets respectively the deployment of the GAPG concept across these three countries alone would raise the global applicability of the GAPG concept to about 15%.

22 Likely State/National Benefits for NSW Rollout of GAPG 22 Scenarios 10 years ( )

23 23

24 Conclusions 24 Chemical Looping is a low cost and versatile technology option for air separation in oxy-fuel plants GAPG concept can potentially uplift the thermal efficiency of a typical pulverised fuel coal-fired power plant by up to 30% If fitted to an oxy-fuel plant, GAPG can compensate some of the efficiency losses due to the implementation of oxy-fuel combustion The combined application of ICLAS and GAPG would result in even higher efficiency gains

25 Questions CRICOS Provider 00109J