IAPH s Strategies for Climate Change and Air Environments in Ports

Transcription

1 IAPH s Strategies for Climate Change and Air Environments in Ports Kobe, February 13 th, 2017 Susumu Naruse The International Association of Ports & Harbors s_naruse@iaphworldports.org

2 About IAPH, Kobe is the Birth Place of IAPH - The IAPH (International Organization of Ports and Harbors) is the only international association of the world s port authorities. - The IAPH is comprised of about 300 members. Among them, regular members cover nearly 170 ports in some 90 countries, who handle nearly 70% of the world container traffic. Preparatory Meeting in Kobe in The preparatory meeting was held in Kobe in 1953, which was followed by the inaugural IAPH World Ports Conference in Los Angeles in IAPH Vision Statement: The Global Ports Forum for Industry Collaboration and Excellence

3 1. Activities About IAPH (2) Activities & Publications of IAPH --IAPH holds World Ports Conference once every two years. --Over 1,000 port people gathered together in Hamburg for the 29 th World Ports in June The next Conference will meet in Bali, Indonesia in May Nine (9) technical committees meet at least once a year and periodically publish committee reports. 2. Publications -- Official Magazine, Ports & Harbors, is published once every two months. -- IAPH on-line news is sent to the members once every two weeks. -- IAPH Membership Directory is published once a year. -- Reports of technical Committees are published on an ad hock basis.

4 Port Environments and IAPH - Climate Change and IAPH - 1. Mitigation Measures -- WPCI (World Ports Climate Initiative) was created under the umbrella of IAPH in Eight (8) projects were set up. -- Air Quality and GHG Tool Box -- Carbon Footprinting for Ports -- On-shore Power Supply -- Intermodal Transport -- Sustainable Lease Agreement Template -- Cargo-handling Equipment -- Environmental Ship Index -- LNG fuelled Vessels and Ports 2. Adaptation Measures -- Seaports and Climate Change - an Analysis of Adaptation Measures -, guidelines for adaptation measures for seaports, was published by IAPH.

5 Port Environments and IAPH (2) Carbon Footprinting for Port 1. This document serve as a resource guide for ports wanting to develop or improve their greenhouse gas emissions inventories. 2. It provides several different approaches for developing carbon footprint inventories for portrelated activities. 3. The approaches range from a detailed one to a simple one (surrogate approach).

6 Port Environments and IAPH (3) IAPH Tool Box for Port Clean Programs 1. This Tool Box provides information on air and climate issues of port. 2. It has been expanded to include additional tools on greenhouse gases (GHG, typically CO2) mitigation. 3. The users can prepare a clean air plan at their own ports by following the procedures presented in this web-based tool box.

7 Port Environments and IAPH (4) On Shore Power Supply 1. On-shore power supply is a system to provide electricity from the local grid to ships to meet their power demand. 2. As some ports have already taken this measures (US West Coast and North Europe), interest in the technology is rapidly growing. 3. With the newly revised OPS website, the users can carry out an initial feasibility study to introduce OPS in their own ports.

8 Port Environments and IAPH (5) Environmental Ship Index (ESI) (1) 1. The ESI, which is operated and managed by IAPH, is a voluntary measure for the environmental performance of seagoing ships (air emissions), 2. It provides a tool that will assist ports and other parties to promote clean shipping. 3. ESI is composed of credits (0 100) of ships for above-baseline environmental performance regarding NOx, SOx(indirect PM) and CO 2 -- NOx: depending on performance of main- and auxiliary engines -- SOx: depending of the sulphur content of the fuels used -- CO 2 : bonus for monitoring and reporting of CO 2 emissions 4. Ports develop their own incentive schemes based on ESI points and inform the ESI administration

9 Port Environments and IAPH (6) Environmental Ship Index (ESI) (2) Benefit of each Party

10 Port Environments and IAPH (7) Environmental Ship Index (ESI) (3) ESI is a system in which we identify ships that perform better than usual ships in reducing gases emissions and ports give some incentives to these environmentally friendly ships. As of January 1 st, 2017, about 5,099 ships and 48 incentive providers including 45 ports (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, Le Havre, Los Angeles, and others) participate in the system. The Ports of Busan and Tokyo are only ports participating in the system in Asia. Some examples of incentives are shown in the table below. Incentive Provider Minimum Requirements Incentives Port of Amsterdam ESI score 20 or more 6% or more reduction on port dues Port of Rotterdam ESI score 30 or more 10% or more reduction on port dues Port of Oslo ESI score 20 or more 30% reduction on port dues (tankers only) Port of Antwerp ESI score 30 or more, or 25 best 10% or more reduction on port dues ships Port of Hamburg ESI score 20 or more 10% or more reduction on port dues Los Angeles ESI score 25 or more Incentive grant ($250 - $1,250)/call based on ESI scores

11 Port Environments and IAPH (8) LNG fuelled Vessels (1) 1. Since ECA (Emission Control Area) was introduced by IMO, shipping companies have been keen to reduce local gases emission such as Sox, Nox and Particulates. 2. The sulpher level of bunker oil needs to be less than 0.5% in all water areas in the world from The prices of high quality oil is more expensive. 4. LNG (liquefied natural gas) is much a cleaner energy and less expensive source, which can almost eliminate sulpher emissions and particulates, reduce CO2 and Nox by 26% and 80-90% respectively. 5. At the moment some seagoing vessels are already fueled by LNG (22 vessels in North Europe) and some large container vessels with dual engines (LNG and oil) are being built right now. 6. The challenges are future cost associated with LNG as vessel fuel, safety at ports and bunkering facility at ports.

12 Port Environments and IAPH (9) LNG fuelled Vessels (2) Goal and Performance of LNG fuelled vessels WG 1. Goals --- to construct international standards/guidelines for port infrastructure, safety and security at ports and legal aspects. 2. Items to be studied: -- safety distance and allocation of bunkering berths -- bunkering safety procedures -- supervision of procedures (worker education and crew awareness) -- preparation for possible accidents (facilities and equipment, training, procedures) -- other items including influence on ISPS code 3. IAPH made public a web-site last July, which is comprised of detailed safety checklists of LNG bunkering at ports (ships to ships, trucks to ships, tanks to ships, and so forth).

13 Port Environments and IAPH (10) Other WPCI Projects 1. Intermodal Transport Intermodal transport allows cargo to be transported more efficiently and thus reduces transportation cost, congestion on the roads, and air emissions. 2. Lease Agreement Template A Lease Agreement Template includes a sustainability approach in lease contracts for the ports tenants and includes the requirements related to control measures to combat climate change. The use of Lease Agreement Template at the ports would result in the reduction of GHG emissions and improve air quality. 3. Cargo-handling Equipment Vessels arrive and depart ports around the clock, which mean equipment and machinery at these ports are always operating. To reduce the amount of pollutants emitted from ports, ports are beginning to retrofit these equipment types with emissions control systems, replace older equipment with newer cleaner equipment, or use cleaner fuel technologies, such as electrification.

14 Climate Change -Adaptation- 1 Climate Change Impacts on International Seaports 1. Questionnaire survey to IAPH member ports on how they plan to adapt to climate change. The survey was carried out in collaboration with AAPA (American Association of Port Authorities) and Stanford University. 2. Results --they discuss more frequently mitigation than adaptation measures. -- most ports prepare port planning on a 5-10 year horizon. -- design standards of most ports cover 50 year or more historic flood (or storm) events (but not climate change). -- about a half ports do not address the climate change issue at this time. -- Sea Level Rise is the chief concern among ports, which is followed by storm impacts % predicts SLR of m by 2100 and 15% 1.0m or more % feel that m would be a problem and 58% that m would be a problem. -- ports should be better informed of local SLR and other climate events.

15 Climate Change -Adaptation- 2 Seaports and Climate Change - An Analysis of Adaptation Measures- -- Possible climate change impacts on different types of port facility are addressed. -- those types are: 1. access channel, vessel mooring area, breakwaters, shore-protection works and hinterland connections as basic infrastructure; 2. inner channel, revetments, quay walls, mooring buoys as operational infrastructure; 3. stacking yard, warehouses, silos, and offices as port superstructure; 4. ship and cargo handling equipment as port equipment -- opportunities and risks caused by possible climate change impacts such as sea level rise and weather intensification are addressed for each type of facility. -- a good guidelines for adaptation measures in ports but lacks best practices.

16 Northern Sea Route 1. Research organizations such as UCLA predicted that global warming has the potential to significantly alter transportation routes in the Arctic. As sea ice continues to melt, new maritime transportation routes will open up in the Arctic as established ice roads disappear. 2. The potential benefits of a Northern Sea Route are significant: ship routes between North Europe and Far East (Japan, Korea and Northern China) would be 2,500 miles (about 30%) shorter. 3. Sea routes between North America (Canada) and Far East would also become shorter. 4. This would result in a lot of cost and time savings. 5. Ports in the regions need to prepare strategies for the new routes 6. The final report is now available on our website.