Environmental Science Unit 1 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD

Transcription

1 Environmental Science Unit 1 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD

2 Vocabulary 1. Environmental Science- the study of the impact of humans on the environment. 2. Ecology- the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment. 3. Agriculture- the raising of crops and livestock for food or other products that are useful for humans. 4. Natural resources- any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum (oil/gas), minerals, forests, and animals. 5. Biodiversity- the variety of organisms or species in a given area or the genetic variation within a population. 6. Ecological footprint- a calculation that shows the productive area of Earth needed to support one person in a particular country. 7. Sustainability- the condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely. 8. Hypothesis- a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation. 9. Observation- the process of obtaining information by using the senses. 10. Control group- in an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor. (No change to this group)

3 Vocabulary Cont. 11. Erosion- a process in which the materials of Earth s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity. 12. Tectonic plate- a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. 13. Atmosphere- a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth. 14. Ozone- a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms. O Greenhouse effect- the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation. 16. Biosphere- the part of Earth where life exists.

4 Early Time 1. What is the Industrial Revolution? 2. What is the Agricultural Revolution? 3. What did Hunters and Gatherers do?

5 Early Time 1. What is the Industrial Revolution? A shift in energy sources to using coal and oil. Pollution increased, due to factories and automobiles. More people began living in crowded cities and became workers. 2. What is the Agricultural Revolution? Practice of growing, breeding, and caring for plants and animals that are used for food, clothing, housing, and transportation purposes. Populations grew dramatically in cities where food could be moved in. 3. What did Hunters and Gatherers do? Obtained food by collecting plants and by hunting wild animals or scavenging their remains. Migrated around following food, set fire to keep prairies, may have over hunted animals.

6 Resources 4. List some renewable resources. 5. List some nonrenewable resources. 6. Choose 5 objects in the classroom (such as a pencil, notebook, chair, desk, etc). Observe the objects closely and list the resources that comprise (make) them. Classify the resources as renewable or nonrenewable. 7. What percentage of the resources you observed are renewable? Nonrenewable?

7 Resources 4. List some renewable resources. Solar energy (sun), water, wood, soil, air 5. List some nonrenewable resources. Metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper. Oil 6. Choose 5 objects in the classroom (such as a pencil, notebook, chair, desk, etc). Observe the objects closely and list the resources that comprise (make) them. Classify the resources as renewable or nonrenewable. Pencil- wood, graphite, paint, aluminum, rubber, and pumice. Notebook- paper, aluminum, cardboard, paint. Desk- Particle board, paint/stain, wood, iron, aluminum. Chair- plastic, paint, aluminum, foam, leather/pleather. Book- plastic, wood, paint/ink. Board- metals, plastic. Plastic is mostly made from oil and natural gas. These are both non-renewable, so most plastic is non-renewable. A tiny bit of plastic is being made from vegetable organic material, so that bit is biodegradable, and renewable. 7. What percentage of the resources you observed are renewable? Nonrenewable?

8 Population Growth 8. In which country would the population likely increase rapidly? A. United States B. Australia C. Spain D. Ethiopia 9. What is an example of a biodegradable resource that could become a pollutant if it accumulated faster than it could decompose? 10. Give an example of a developing country. 11. A resident in which country would leave the largest ecological footprint? 12. Compared to developed nations, developing nations have A. Faster population growth B. higher health standards C. greater personal wealth D. Slower population growth

9 Population Growth 8. In which country would the population likely increase rapidly? A. United States B. Australia C. Spain D. Ethiopia 9. What is an example of a biodegradable resource that could become a pollutant if it accumulated faster than it could decompose? Newspapers 10. Give an example of a developing country. Kenya, India, Pakistan, Peru 11. A resident in which country would leave the largest ecological footprint? United States, Australia, Canada, France 12. Compared to developed nations, developing nations have A. Faster population growth B. higher health standards C. greater personal wealth D. Slower population growth

10 Resources 13. What changed during the Industrial Revolution? 14. What are some ways we can overuse renewable energy sources or materials? 15. The Tragedy of the Commons deals with conflicts between what two groups? 16. Based on the Law of Supply and Demand, what would happen to the price of corn if the demand went down and supply stayed the same? If demand went up and supply stayed the same? Supply went down and demand stayed the same? 17. What is an ecological footprint?

11 Resources 13. What changed during the Industrial Revolution? Switch to using fossil fuels, cities grew, and the quality of life improved. 14. What are some ways we can overuse renewable energy sources or materials? Over hunting/fishing, deforestation, overuse of farmland that exhausts soil nutrients. 15. The Tragedy of the Commons deals with conflicts between what two groups? Individuals and Society 16. Based on the Law of Supply and Demand, what would happen to the price of corn if the demand went down and supply stayed the same? Prices would drop. If demand went up and supply stayed the same? Price would increase. Supply went down and demand stayed the same? Price would increase. 17. What is an ecological footprint? The amount of land and ocean needed to support one person.

12 Scientific Method 18.What are the steps of the scientific method? 19.What are some characteristics of science that we need to do in any type of science? 20.What step in the scientific method is being used if you look at the color of a plant?

13 Scientific Method 18. What are the steps of the scientific method? Problem/purpose, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze results, draw conclusions 19. What are some characteristics of science that we need to do in any type of science? Being Skeptical, accepting change as scientific knowledge grows and changes, curiosity, openness, safety, communication information scientifically. 20. What step in the scientific method is being used if you look at the color of a plant? Observation

14 Resources 21.What is sustainability? 22.Are we living in a sustainable world? Why or why not?

15 Resources 21.What is sustainability? A condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely. 22.Are we living in a sustainable world? No. Why or why not? Developed nations are using 75% of the world s resources. We use resources fast than they can be replaced.

16 Spheres 23. What contains all the water on or near Earth s surface? 24.What is a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet?

17 Spheres 23. What contains all the water on or near Earth s surface? Hydrosphere 24. What is a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet? Atmosphere

18 Mountains and temperature 25.What process formed the Himalayan Mountains? 26.What are the most geologically active areas on the Earth? 27.What is the estimated temperature of the inner core?

19 Mountains and temperature 25.What process formed the Himalayan Mountains? Colliding tectonic plates 26.What are the most geologically active areas on the Earth? Boundaries between tectonic plates 27.What is the estimated temperature of the inner core? C

20 Earthquakes and Layers 28. What is the Richter scale used to measure? 29. What is the molten rock in the upper mantle called? (hint found in volcanoes) 30. What are all the layers of the Earth?

21 Earthquakes and Layers 28.What is the Richter scale used to measure? The magnitude of an earthquake 29. What is the molten rock in the upper mantle called? (hint found in volcanoes) Magma 30.What are all the layers of the Earth? Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, and Inner Core.

22 Erosion/Loss of biodiversity 31. What do wind and water erosion affect? 32. How much more tropical rain forest did Indonesia lose in 1990 than in 1980? 33. What produces carbon dioxide? What produces oxygen? 34.In the stratosphere, what increases as altitude increases? What decreases?

23 Erosion/Loss of biodiversity 31. What do wind and water erosion affect? Soil is moved to another location, mountains are worn down, gorges are made from rivers digging deep beds, and rocks become rounded and smooth. 32. How much more tropical rain forest did Indonesia lose in 1990 than in 1980? 2000 sq. km 33. What produces carbon dioxide? Animals What produces oxygen? Plants 34. In the stratosphere, what increases as altitude increases? Temperature What decreases? Pressure

24 The atmosphere 35. In what part of the atmosphere is the ozone layer? 36. What does gravity do to the density of the air? 37. What is Earth s least dense atmosphere? Most dense? 38. What would happen to Earth s atmosphere if we did not have the greenhouse effect?

25 The atmosphere 35. In what part of the atmosphere is the ozone layer? Stratosphere 36. What does gravity do to the density of the air? It causes the air to be more dense at the surface of Earth 37. What is Earth s least dense atmosphere? Thermosphere Most dense? Troposphere 38. What would happen to Earth s atmosphere if we did not have the greenhouse effect? It would be too cold to live

26 Hydrosphere 39. What causes the current at the surface of the ocean? 40.Where is the majority of the fresh water on Earth located? 41.What causes surface currents to flow in certain directions? 42.Where do deep ocean currents flow?

27 Hydrosphere 39. What causes the current at the surface of the ocean? wind 40. Where is the majority of the fresh water on Earth located? Ice caps and glaciers 41. What causes surface currents to flow in certain directions? The hemisphere they are located in 42. Where do deep ocean currents flow? On the ocean floor

28 Earth 43. What type of system is Earth in terms of matter? 44. What part of Earth includes all the areas where organisms get their energy? 45.What is the layer of the ocean extending from the base of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean? Top layer? Middle layer?

29 Earth 43. What type of system is Earth in terms of matter? A closed system 44. What part of Earth includes all the areas where organisms get their energy? Biosphere 45. What is the layer of the ocean extending from the base of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean? Deep zone Top layer? Surface zone Middle layer? Thermocline

30 Oceans 46. What are the 3 largest oceans? 47. What is salinity?

31 Oceans 46. What are the 3 largest oceans? Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans 47. What is salinity? A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid.