Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in Small Scale Tropical Marine Fisheries in the Philippines

Transcription

1 Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in Small Scale Tropical Marine Fisheries in the Philippines Len R. Garces, Idohna Leah Buendia, Maripaz L. Perez 23 September 2014 Padjadjaran University, Indonesia

2 Outline Project Background Project Activities & Accomplishments Experiences & Lessons Learned

3 EAF Definition (FAO 2003) An Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries (EAF) is a strategy for the integration of the activity within the wider ecosystem such that it promotes sustainable development, equity, and resilience of interlinked socialecological systems

4 EAF Definition (FAO 2003) EAF purpose is to plan, develop and manage fisheries in a manner that addresses the multiple needs and desires of societies, without jeopardizing the options for future generations to benefit from the full range of goods and services provided by marine ecosystems.

5 Project Objectives General To use an EAF framework to improve small-scale fisheries (SSF) management in developing countries and enhance their contribution to poverty reduction. Specific Assess existing institutional arrangements and understand how an EAF can overcome barriers to effective integrated SSF management; Develop EAF strategies and actions for SSF management suitable for developing country contexts; and Strengthen the capacity of local fishery stakeholders and government agencies to collaborate and work within an EAF.

6 Project Location Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands (in the Coral Triangle), and Tanzania (East Africa)

7 Project Site Misamis Occidental: Total Land Area: 2, km 2 Sea Surface Area: 2,390 km 2 Coastline: 169 km (~60 km, IBAMO) Sea grass Area: 1.16 km 2 Mangrove Area: km 2

8 Land Use & Economic Activities: Oroquieta City Aloranreserve Panaon Jimenez Sinacaban Fisheries Tudela Lopez Tourism Jaena Plaridel Industry Mt. Malindang forest Agriculture (croplands i.e., coconut and irrigated rice) Aquaculture (mining, quarrying, oil processing) Trading/commerce

9 Natural Resources in Misamis Occidental

10 Socioeconomic and biophysical profile Characteristics IBAMO (Local Governemnt Units) Oroquieta Aloran Jimenez Panaon Sinacaban Tudela Lopez Jaena Plaridel Population 68,945 26,630 25,234 10,176 18,597 27,371 23,767 35,251 (2010) Income class 4 th class 4 th class 3 rd class 5 th class 5 th class 4 th class 4th class 3 rd Poverty Incidence (%) (2009) class Land area (km 2 ) Coastline length (km) No. of coastal brgy % dependent on marine resources No. of fishers (2008) n.d ,

11 Fishing communities

12 Fisheries production Sector Total Volume of Fisheries Production (MT) as of 2012, BAS 2012 Region 10 Misamis Occidental % Region 10 Total Value of Fisheries Production (pesos) as of 2013, BFAR 2013 Misamis Occidental Commercial 36, , , , Municipal 42, , , Aquaculture 75, , Total 153, , ,686, , %

13 Project Activities Participatory diagnosis Stakeholder consultation workshops Orientation workshop Vision, Mission, Goal MOA, CBL, SEC Registration (Andrew et al. 2007) Vision, Mission, and Goal CRM Certification & Accreditation Fish catch monitoring Mangrove monitoring FishR Alliance Summit

14 3. Institutional issues 2. Socioeconomic issues 1. Biophysical Issues Fisheries Management Issues Fisheries Management Issues Existing in Iligan Bay Depleted fishery resources/ low fish catch Degraded fishery habitats Coastal erosions/ Siltation Pollution of coastal waters Lack of alternative livelihood Low quality fishery products not competitive for export market Intensified resource use competition and conflict Unrealized potential of aquaculture Post harvest losses Limited institutional capabilities Unclear property rights Lack of harmonization of fisheries plans, programs or projects within local Change of LGUs leaderships Weak institutional partnerships Weak coastal law enforcement Lack of participation/ cooperation Lack of political will Inadequate/ inconsistent fisheries policies Percentage (n=157) Figure 2. Perception of respondents on fisheries management issues existing in Iligan Bay.

15 Marine & coastal habitat degradation Key Developmental Challenges SW KII Depleted fishery resource and low fish catch Provision of alternative livelihood Increase participation and cooperation from coastal communities Intrusion of other municipal fishers Enhance Institutional Capabilities: (Structure and organization of FARMCS, Full implementation of monitoring & evaluation programs, Provision of necessary logistics/ equipment, Additional financial provision) Continuous support from NGAs/PNP/national agencies Sustained political support & leadership from LGUs Need for harmonization of programs on policies Full operation of coastal enforcement Occurrence of flood Fishery subsidies (discount gas prices, free gears, tax cuts) Limit fish size catch Constituency-building (elicit buy-ins of various stakeholder groups including the development of environmental champions)

16 Administrative levels for fisheries governance in the Philippines 5 national 4 3 region province Line Agencies e.g., BFAR (Commercial fisheries) IBAMO 2 municipality Local government units (Municipal fisheries) 1 level village jurisdiction

17 The Context Local governments are mandated to manage fisheries within 15-km (Local Government code RA 7160; Fisheries Code RA 8550) Existing Coastal Resources Management Plans in each LGU (EO 533) Development challenges: depletion of fisheries resources, degradation of coastal habitats, poor law enforcement of fishery laws (i.e., conflicts between municipal vs. commercial fisheries) Capacity of LGUs on CRM and willingness of the LGUs in having an alliance

18 Building Consensus Participatory Diagnosis Key Informant Interviews) Stakeholder workshops IBAMO Formalizing MOA & Commitment Election of Officers and TWG Creation of Executive Board Creation of Constitution & Bylaws SEC Registered & BIR Registered Celebration of IBAMO Day Formalizing Sustaining Strengthening Capacity Building Building linkages with National Agencies Information & Education Campaigns Planning & implementation of activities

19 IBAMO Initiatives Misamis Occidental as a beneficiary of the Philippine Australia Community Assistance Program (PACAP) Development of an Integrated Coastal Resource Management (ICRM) Plan in 4 LGUs (Jimenez, Lopez Jaena, Panaon, Sinacaban) Establishment of IBAMO with 4 LGUs (Jimenez, Panaon, Sinacaban, Tudela) USAID-funded Ridge to Reef Project strengthening CRM of 6 coastal LGUs of Misamis Occidental (Jimenez, Panaon, Sinacaban, Tudela, Aloran and Oroquieta City) Re-establishment of IBAMO with 8 LGUs (Jimenez, Lopez Jaena, Oroquieta City, Panaon, Plaridel, Sinacaban, Tudela) through the Fisheries Governance Project Completion of SSF Governance Project (national review and assessment) Re-established IBAMO (CBL, Election of Officers, SEC Registration) Implementation of Capacity Building Activities of IBAMO through the EC Project Celebration of IBAMO Day Executive Board Meetings Vision, Mission, and Goals developed Fisheries (FishR) Registration Executive Board Meetings Writeshop for assessing fisheries ordinances

20 IBAMO was both a means and a venue for collaboration SSF National Consultation Stakeholders Consultation Activity Date Output 8 March June 2012 National review of SSF governance Introduction of the Project with Stakeholders Key Informant Interview August 2012 Primary data gathered Orientation Workshop of Chief Executives & Line Managers of IBAMO October 2012 MOA signing IBAMO Pre-planning Workshop VMG Workshop CRM Review and Certification Fisheries Catch Data Collection 4 February July October November 2013 IBAMO Work plan for 2013 Formulation of VMG, Election of Officers & Finalization of CBL CRM status review and implementation plan Strategies for improved data collection by LGUs

21 IBAMO enhanced SSF management Protected Area Management Board LGU LGU Province Iligan Bay Alliance of Misamis Occidental

22 Fisheries Management: RA 8550 LGU 1 LGU 2 LGU 3 LGU Municipal fisheries (LGUs) 15-km Commercial fisheries (BFAR) EEZ

23 Experiences in the strengthening of IBAMO 1. IBAMO built on past gains and built new partnerships; 2. A multi-stakeholder composition of IBAMO that includes national government agencies and the Provincial Government of Misamis Occidental serving as Secretariat; 3. The importance of champions from the local government units (LGUs) - mostly the Municipal Planning and Development Offices and Municipal Agricultural Offices - which serve as members of the technical working groups; 4. strong commitment of the LGUs and Local Chief Executives beyond party lines; and 5. the role of outside institutions (including civil society groups) in catalyzing the process the process of improved fisheries

24 Challenges and Opportunities of EAF 1. Integration of fisheries with Coastal Resources Management 2. Sustaining fisheries management (capacity, local government support & changes in leadership) 3. Habitat protection (Law enforcement and compliance) 4. Balancing societal and economic benefits (local and national level)

25 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) balances diverse societal objectives by accounting for the components of ecosystems and their interactions and applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically defined boundaries (FAO 2003). systems approach binds integrated coastal management and ecosystem-level perspectives grounded on the principles of collaborative and adaptive approaches (FAO 2005). attempts to do fisheries management in an ecosystem context (Link 2012).

26 Acknowledgement Local Government Units: Municipality of Aloran Municipality of Jimenez Municipality of Lopez Jaena Municipality of Panaon Municipality of Plaridel Municipality of Sinacaban Municipality of Tudela Oroquieta City Provincial Government of Misamis Occidental National Government Agencies in Region 10: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Department Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Department of Tourism (DOT)

27 ( Thank you!!!