ADRESSING SAFE DRINKING WATER THROUGH HWTS AND WSP IN KENYA

Transcription

1 ADRESSING SAFE DRINKING WATER THROUGH HWTS AND WSP IN KENYA JOHN G. KARIUKI, PhD. Deputy Chief Public Health Officer MINISTRY OF HEALTH Kenya ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK ON HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE AND JOINT WORKSHOP ON HOUSE HOLD WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE AND WATER SAEFTY PLANS NOVEMBER, NAGPUR INDIA 1

2 INTRODUCTION The constitution of Kenya 2010 establishes a right to reasonable standards of sanitation and clean and safe water in adequate quantities The emphasis on human rights obliges the MEWNR, MOH and the sector institutions to align their monitoring systems to these principles Kenya Vision 2030, Kenya wishes to sustain the provision of basic services, such as safe water and adequate sanitation 2

3 WHY HWTS AND WSP? 1.1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking water 4 billion cases of diarrhoea occur annually, of which 88 % is attributed to unsafe water, and in adequate sanitation and hygiene. 1.8 m people die every year from diarrhoeal diseases, the vast majority being children under 5. Lack of safe water perpetuates a cycle poverty WHO estimates that 94% of diarrhoeal cases are preventable through WASH interventions page 3

4 APROACH TO SAFE DRINKING WATER IN KENYA HWTS WATER SAEFTY PLAN 4

5 Kenyan situational analysis Diarrhoea is top 5 killer of children under 5 years Major causes of diarrhoea Drinking contaminated water Poor Sanitation Poor hygiene KDHS 2008/09 reports; 3 out of 5 Kenyans have access to improved water sources 45% of Kenyan HH use appropriate treatment methods 54% are NOT treating their drinking water 5

6 Kenyan situational analysis on HHWTS KDHS 2008/09 reports Boiling 28.6% Chlorination 17.6% Filters 1.2% Sodis 0.2% House hold water treatment technologies Chlorine Based: Aquatabs, Waterguard, Aquaguard, Pur Solar Disinfection SODIS, Solvaten Filtration Ceramic Lifestraw Slow Biosand Others Boiling, Muringa, etc There is great opportunity 6

7 HWTS and School WASH projects HWTS has been integrated in the school WASH projects Demonstration centres are set up in school to both train the pupils on application of different technologies but also to treat drinking water for the pupils 7

8 Challenges(1) Lack of National guidelines on HWTS Subsides i.e., in the current draught in Kenya most HWTS products are given free. Lack clear of budget line Adequate well researched information on some products and approaches 8

9 Challenges(2) Lack of appropriate / comprehensive M & E tools Lack of standardized strategies in the promotion of HWTS technologies 9

10 Summary of HWTS Achievements The HWTSS Training manual The HWTSS Guidelines domesticating WHO GUIDELINES Learning forums on several emerging new technologies on HWTSS Chlorination: SE 200 and MiniWATA Filtration: Ultra filtration, Nano Filtration and MajiAfya sand filters Chemical Action: ION Exchange on Iron and Fluoride removal Stakeholder Mapping: Finalized 10

11 WATER SAFETY PLANNING Aim of Water Safety Planning To assist those responsible for drinking water safety to better understand the risks to their water sources and water supplies, and implement simple checks and management measures to ensure water safety. 11

12 Introduction of WSP IN KENYA Water Safety Plan was introduced in Kenya in 2010 UNICEF supported GOK in rolling out WSP GOK took a step to improve Water Safety of peri urban and rural piped water supplies alongside traditional approach in certain cholera affected areas 37 water supplies were introduced to water safety planning; 12

13 STAKEHOLDERS FOR WSP In the Kenyan context the Water Safety stakeholders include following: Ministry of Water and Irrigation (water policy) Ministry of Health (Public Health Services) Water consumers possibly represented by Water Users Associations/CBOs Water Service Providers (water service provider) Water Service Boards (water supply infrastructure, engagement and regulation of service provider) Water Services Regulatory Board (overall water service regulator) WRMA 13

14 METHODOLOGY The implementation was conducted in the Water Schemes introduced for WSP. In order to assess the success of implementation certain factors were considered in the methodology; water quality testing and sanitary surveillance The materials used included instruments such as chlorometer, turbidimeter, GPS, conductivity meter, ph meter, forms and observations Water safety teams leader gathered the information 14

15 Outcome of water quality testing Parameters tested % compliance to standard 120% 100% 80% 100% 80% 80% 95% 90% 60% 40% 20% 0% ph Turbidity Free residual chlorine Bacteria (H2S testing) % of water supplies treating Water 15

16 Testing cont Chlorine Res Chlorine RVWSB R.Cl at Scheme R.Cl at consumer pt Chemolingot Lomut Makutano Lodwar Kalokol 16

17 Residual chlorine testing 6 Residual Chlorine at TP and consumer points 5 R.Cl at TP R.Cl at consumer pt Bact

18 TURBIDITY OF 2 WSBS 18

19 Sanitary surveillance outcome 19

20 Successes water supplies check the water quality regularly Bacteria tested ve (95%) PHO & communities 80% adhered to water quality standards, kept proper records and were monitoring the water quality Generally turbidity in treated water lies between 5.00 and 18.0NTU with about 10 water supplies having turbidity of <5NTU 10 schemes completely rehabilitated 4 schemes underwent partial rehabilitation 2 undergoing new system construction 20

21 Lessons learnt There was increase in population accessing clean drinking water The consumers are currently paying for water The physical infrastructure now have water safety implications such as, provision of solution tanks, dosing equipment, Filter media, scour valves, tanks, valves and valve chambers Operators are fully aware of key points to identify potential sanitary risks factors to water safety. The WRMA is mandated to protect the water Resources 21

22 Challenges during introduction of WSP in 2010 Few staff and lack of water quality knowledge in some water supplies Generally water testing was rarely done at the supply due to lack of testing instruments Most water supplies were poorly maintained. Electricity costs were high Water loss due to leakages were rampant Revenue could not support services Most of the schemes were old and needed major rehabilitation. 22

23 Systems improvement: valve chambers Valve chambers 23

24 Systems improvement Assessing water safety at source: Lobolo springs Constructed storage tank 24

25 Safe storage 25

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27 HWTS Demonstration in schools Simple technologies 27

28 HWTS demonstration at Health Centre Simple technologies 28

29 Hand Washing Multiple Behaviors Safe Feces Disposal Treatment & Safe Storage of Water 29

30 HWTS demonstration at community level Simple technologies 30

31 Conclusion Safe water is pre condition for health, development and a basic human right Significantly reduces diarrhea Dramatically improves microbial water quality Is among the most effective of WASH intervention. Is highly cost effective Can be rapidly deployed Contributes much to MDGs MDG 7. target 10, which calls for reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by MDG 4: reduction of child mortality 31

32 END THANK YOU 32