Low Cost Waste Water Treatment

Transcription

1 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) Low Cost Waste Water Treatment Mr.Nilesh Phadtare 1, Mr.Mayur Patil 2, Mr. Vishal Desai 3,Mr. Mohan Ghorpade 4 1,2,3,4 BE CIVIL, SITCOE Yadrav. Abstract- Low cost waste water treatment method for different sources of waste water being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment method that have operational and financial restriction.a pilot scale model of such treatment is constructed at SITCOE, Yadrav, Ichalkaranji. The different processes offered includes aeration, filtration and wetland. Theresults were very encouraging. The method has an advantages like high removal of BOD, Suspended solids Keywords :Degradation, Biological, Ecosystem, profound. 1. INTRODUCTION: Form years, modern societies have constructed large, centralized wastewater treatment facilities that treat large volumes of water using both chemical and biological processes. Of late, the utility of such facilities has come into question, particularly, when considering their high cost and increased demands put upon them by growing populations. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of alternative methods of treatment that capitalize on natural processes that occur in the ecosystem. Among these alternatives. As there is increase in water demands the subsequent generation in the wastewater generation has increased spirally hence it is necessary to treat that water with low cost technologies to minimize the cost of treatment.while providing the treatments to these wastewaters Cost Economics is the prominent aspect which has profound impact in the decision of employment of the treatment technologies.there are no of methods of waste water treatments but these methods are very costly. So low cost methods such as wetland should be used. How the treatments are low cost? This process consists of low cost treatments and constructed by locally available material. As compared to conventional waste water treatments the cost of such treatments are very less. In case of conventional wastewater treatments plants require large space, skilled Labor, electricity, operational cost, installment cost, maintenance cost are more. So there is financial restriction. In this process we used material like broken bricks, plywood, aggregates, locally available plants species like Taro and Cana Lilly which are easily available and low in cost. The treatments selected in this project having high efficiency as compared to conventional treatments and it will also help to reduce the treatment load on existing conventional wastewater treatment plant.we constructed a pilot scale model of such treatments at SITCOE, YADRAV as shown in fig1.the overall cost of project regarding installation of each unit will be discussed in expenditures. This project is being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment plant and also helpful for at source treatment. Fig1. Low cost treatments at SITCOE, Hostel 52

2 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) 2.POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Treated water can be used for gardening purpose. Treated water can be used for toilet flushing. Treated water will also helpful for ground water recharge. The treatments can be also used as primary treatments at conventional treatment plant. It will be very useful at source treatment for domestic sewage. It will help to reduce treatment load on existing sewage treatment plant As this treatments are low cost it can be installed at inaccessible villages where the conventional STP not economical. 3. TREATMENTS` The processestrain selected for treatmentis as follows screening and aeration, filter media, wetland. 3.1 Screening andaeration: The wastewater coming from sedimentation tank is not having any floating matter. So the holes on aeration platforms are it acts as screens. The size of holes is 1mm in diameter and provided at 1cm center to center from each other in both direction. As shown in fig2 wastewater, which is major contaminant in wastewater. For survival of aerobic bacteria oxygen is required and also to reduce anaerobic digestion, which is major cause of odour the dissolved oxygen contentshould be more. So aeration should be provided. Fig3Preparation of aeration platform 3.2Filter Media: As treatments are low cost the locally available material such as broken bricks aggregates and construction waste is used for preparation of filter media. The filter media consist of four layers as shown in fig4 a) First layer at bottom- broken brick bats of approx. 5-6 mm in size. b) Second layer- aggregate of size 25mm c) Third layer- broken brick bats of approx. 5-6 mmm in size. d) Top layer- aggregate retained on 4.75mm sieve Thickness of each layer is 7.5 cm. the main purpose of filter media is to remove suspended solids present in waste water. If the waste water is directly discharged on land then due to suspended solids present in the waste water the land become sewage sick. Hence this process will reduce the suspended solids present in waste water and improve the quality of waste water. Fig.2 1mm diameter holes at spacing of 1 cm To avoid anaerobic conditions dissolved oxygen content is necessary in wastewater. The waste water source is septic tank so dissolved oxygen in wastewater was consumed by aerobic bacteria s, hence biochemical oxygen demand is more. The bacteria present in wastewater will consume the organic matter present in Layer-1 Layer-2 53

3 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) Esculenta) and Canna lily as shown in fig.6 & 5 these plants are very effective in removal of organic matter and chloride content. Preparation of wetland is done as shown in fig 7 Layer-3 Layer-4 Fig4. Preparation of filter bed in layers 3.3 Wetland- Constructed wetlands are natural wastewater treatment systems. Designed to minimize the removal of wastewater contaminants, they consist of beds of aquatic macrophytes (wetland plants). These wetlands are used as secondary or tertiary treatment units that is, wastewater is generally treated first in primary treatment units such as settling tanks or technical treatment plants. A variety of treatment processes then takes place in constructed wetlands, such as filtration, sedimentation, and biological degradation, which together effectively remove the contaminants in domestic wastewater. In general, constructed wetlands require little operation and maintenance when compared with technical treatment systems. Flow conditions distinguish the three types of Constructed wetland 1. Surface flow or free water surface constructed wetland. 2. Subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland 3. Vertical flow constructed wetland In our treatments subsurface flow type of constructed wetland is used. This type of constructed wetland essentially consists of shallow basins filled with coarse sand or gravel as filter material. Locally available wetland plants are grown on the surface of the filter bed, and pretreated wastewater flows through the bed horizontally below the surface. The plant selected for the wetland is Taro (Colcasia Fig5.Cannalily Fig6.Calcusia esculenta Fig7. Preparation of wetland 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We analyzed characteristic includes ph, BOD, Chloride Content, Suspended Solid, etc. These Studies help to analyze the parameter of waste water. We check inlet results to know whether the parameters are within the acceptable limits or not this result compare with CPCB standards. 54

4 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) Table no.1: The properties of inletand outlet waste water Date parameter Before treatmentt After treatment 8/1/216 ph /1/ /1/ /1216 BOD /1/ /1/ /1/216 DO /1/ /1/ /1/216 Suspended solids 17/1/ /1/ mg/ /lit /1/216 Chloride content 17/1/ /1/ TableNo.2: Overall removal efficiency Parameter Inlet (Before treatment) ph 8.2 Outlet (After treatment BOD % Chloride Content Suspended Solid 5. GRAPHS 1. PH ) % % TableNo.2 Efficiency of treatment % removal % sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Graph No.1: ph values in of Collected Waste Water Sample. 2. BOD Sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 INLET OUTLET Sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 INLET OUTLET Graph No.2: BOD values in of Collected Waste Water Sample 55

5 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) 3. DO 6. SUSPENDED SOLIDSS INLET Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 2 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Graph No.3: Dissolved Oxygen values in of Collected Waste Water Sample CHLORIDE CONTENT Graph No.4: Chloride Content values in of Collected Waste Water Sample Sample 1 Sample 1 INLET INLET sample 2 sample 3 OUTLET Sample 2 Sample 3 OUTLET 45 INLET OUTLET No.5:Suspended Solid values in of Collected Waste Water Sample. 7. CONCLUSION: a) The initial ph value of inlet waste water changes by some amount hence treatments are actually running. b) The BOD of inlet waste water is changed by appreciable amount it shows treatments are very efficient in removing BOD of waste water. c) The chloride content value of inlet waste water is not changed by appreciable amount the treatment is not effective to reduce chloride content. d) The suspended solid value of in let waste water is reduced by large amount it shows the filtration process is very effective and having highest efficiency. e) The DO of waste water increased by some amount it shows the aeration process is good.7. Acknowledgment I would like to thanks Mr. A. A Bagane (.ex. Director SIT, COE) and Dr. S. A Khot (Principal, SIT, COE) for giving us the permission to construct the prototype of our treatments at SIT, COE Hostel and for providing us facilities such as environmental engineering lab. We are also thanks to our guides Mr. M. H Mota (HOD civil dept. SIT, COE) and Mr. A. D Chougule (Asst. professor civil dept.) for their valuable guidance. 56

6 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: ) REFERENCES [1] Balfours, Lahore Wastewater Treatment Project. Balfours Consulting Engineers, Lahore, Pakistan. [2] Brix, H., Arias, C. A., Johansen, N. H., 23. Experiments in a two-stage constructed wetland system: nitrification capacity and effects of recycling on nitrogen removal. In: Vymazal, J. (Ed.), Wetlands- Nutrients, Metals and Mass Cycling. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp [3] Cooper, P. F., Job, G. D., Green, M. B., Shutes, R.B.E., Reed Beds and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. WRc Publications, Medmenham, Marlow, UK. [4] J. Vymazal, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: five decades of experience, Environmental Science and Technology, vol.45, no. 1August 21. [5] Pushpendra Kumar Sharma, Sohail Ayub, Chandra Nath Tripathi International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) X, (Print) Volume 2, Issue 8 (August 213), PP [6] R. H. Kadlec and S. Wallace, Treatment Wetlands; Boca Raton: CRC,29, ch. 1, ch. 6- ch. 9. (a)(b) International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 213, 23 [7] R Kaur, SP Wani, AK Singh, Wastewater production, treatment and use in India p3 (country report) 57