Decentralisation of Solid Waste Management. MR. RAVINDRA DESHMUKH

Transcription

1 Decentralisation of Solid Waste Management MR. RAVINDRA DESHMUKH

2 Decentralised Systems Agri-waste / Garden waste / Forestry waste Transport by burning diesel Distribution to end users -T&D losses Remote end user Urban and industrial organic waste Transport by burning diesel Processing into Energy or fertilizer: Industrial Operation with industrial overheads Distribution to end users -T&D losses Remote end user

3 Micro-Scale System Organic waste of any type End users on location / nearby Processing on / nearby Location: Micro-scale

4 SamuchitTechnologies for Recycling Organic Waste

5 Balcony Model: Samuchit Household Biogas Plant Size: 0.5 m 3 digester, 0.35 m 3 gas holder Capacity: up to 1 kg kitchen waste, daily. Quantity of gas produced: up to 0.5 kg biogas, capable of replacing gm of LPG, daily. Terrace Model: Size: 1 m 3 digester, 0.75 m 3 gas holder Capacity: up to 2 kg kitchen waste, daily. Quantity of gas produced: up to 1 kg biogas, capable of replacing gm of LPG, daily.

6 SamuchitDomestic Biogas Kit (for cubic meter biogas plants) Additional items to be purchased by client: Two water storage tanks of suitable sizes PVC pipes for inlet and effluent outlet Gas pipe Kit includes connectors and valves for inlets and outlets and biogas stove. Hand/electric mixer for pulping of organic waste Several companies are supplying readymade household biogas plants based on various designs.

7 Institutional/Commercial Biogas Plant Capacity: 10 m 3 Digester (plastic or masonry tank ) 7.5 m 3 gas holder (plastic tank) Pay back period:3-4 years, for commercial LPG replacement Operating cost: Electricity for Food Pulper, 1 hp Labour2 hr/day (at actual) Gas production: 2-3 kg LPG eq/day Requirements: Area open to sunlight throughout the day 3 m x 3 m Water ~ 100 lit/day (spent slurry can be recycled) Feedstock: Food waste, any green plant matter, pulped, up to 50 kg Several companies providing similar services across India. Well established technology.

8 Samuchit Community Level Biogas Concept Household waste + green organic waste Processing Stage 1: Low cost, low tech, minimal dirty work Organic Acid feedstock for household biodigesters to be sold Biogas for cooking: Standard Quality Biogas for cooking: Standard Quality Organic acid: Standard Feedstock Biodigester Organic acid: Standard Feedstock Biodigester

9 Advantages This system will work even if the waste segregation percentage is 70-80%. Both garden and kitchen waste can be treated. The common processing is anaerobic -no danger of rats, flies, mosquitoes, etc. The household level biomethanationuses a clean and standard feedstock no issues of smell, reaction going bad, etc. The waste collector gets paid for handling waste + selling the feedstock livelihood for urban poor.

10 Advantages Reduction in LPG consumption at the household level contributes even more to the Give it up campaign than just giving up subsidy. Huge saving for the municipality in terms of space, diesel, manpower, etc. Contribution of the municipality towards reducing GHG emissions contributes to India s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to combat global warming. Possibility of monetisingorganic waste if a housing complex purchases waste from hotels, etc to fulfill its cooking energy need.

11 Implementation Strategy Architects must provide space for household biogas plant in the plan for approval by municipality. Municipality may decide rates for selling organic waste and the organic acid feedstock. Municipality should provide the hardware free of cost and other incentives such as rebate in municipal tax. A good waste management strategy must involve technology + lifestyle change. People s participation is the key to a sustainable solution to the problem.

12 Waste Biomass to Charcoal Local production units for converting waste biomass into char Portable charring kilns Hand or motor operated briquetting machine for converting char powder into briquettes Feedstock (for char powder): Leaf litter, dry weeds, dry grass, dry bushes, agri waste, etc. Feedstock (for charcoal): dead wood, wood waste, bamboo waste, coconut shells, etc.

13 Samuchit Sarai System Medium size model of Sarai Cooking System ASHDEN AWARD FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2002

14 Features of Sarai Available in four sizes / capacities Small Size: Cooks food for 2-3 persons using 100 g charcoal/char briquettes. Medium Size: Cooks food for 5 persons using 100 g charcoal/char briquettes. Large Size: Cooks food for 10 persons using 200 g charcoal/char briquettes. Jumbo Size: Cooks food for persons with 500 g charcoal/char briquettes. A clean and efficient charcoal burning device Total fuel saving/kg of food cooked: 77% less than cooking on ordinary charcoal stove Particulate and CO emissions within acceptable safety limits Distributed to BPL houses in several parts of Maharashtra State, under 15% funds for BPL quota by gram panchayat. Distributed through JFM Committees in various forestry divisions of Maharashtra state. Goa State government declared subsidy for Sarai Large. Some of the Food Items cooked in SaraiSystem Rice Pulses Vegetables Meat Eggs Idli Dhokla Cake Chicken Fish Already about 100,000 units sold, growing demand from all over the world.

15 Biochar as Soil Amendment Agent CONTROL 4 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST 8 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST

16 Biochar Urinals TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

17 Other Biochar Applications BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS WATERLESS CLEANING

18 Implementation Strategy Ward level (or smaller) processing units. Can be in a garden space. All garden waste (sweepings from premises and also road sides) to be brought in for processing. Some garden waste can be first charred and then transported. Can be absorbed in the same garden/distributed to the societies from where garden waste is being collected. OR The contract of processing can be given to a local youth group/shg who can be allowed to make saleable products. The system will work the best, if the residents are encouraged to not litter roads and premises with plastic and other nonbiodegradable waste easier to achieve ward by ward.

19 Charring Vs Composting Char can be converted into a variety of products including soil improvement agent. Less time, less space, and less skill involved in the process of conversion. Greater gains in terms of climate change through carbon sequestration. Composting is convenient when dealing with huge quantities of biowaste for reducing size, for easy handling etc. From botanical perspective, non-composted biomass added to soil is more beneficial to plants. Composting can handle both garden and household organic waste, charring is possible only with dry biomass waste.

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