A Study on: Solid Waste Management in Nagapattinam

Transcription

1 Volume 119 No , ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu A Study on: Solid Waste Management in Nagapattinam S. Sangeetha 1 and P. Jamuna Devi 2 1 sangi87.priyanka@gmail.com 2 pjamundevi@gmail.com Department of Mathematics, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, INDIA Abstract Solid waste management is a major problem that has reached alarming properties requiring drastic measures. The increasing difficulty in managing wastes in Nagapattinam has become one of the most intractable environmental issues. There is unprecedented increase in the volume of waste generated by urban residents. The cardinal objective of the study is to examine the methods of solid waste disposal and types of wastes generated in Nagapattinam. Volume of waste was measure from various households areas and 94 samples were selected using combined systematic, randomization and stratified sampling techniques among the households as well as the staff of the municipal waste management agency. The study employed descriptive statistics to analyze the data. The analysis indicates that solid wastes are generated from industrial wastes is collected from various industries and 88 samples were selected. Nagapattinam major land areas are agriculture background areas. So agriculture waste also generated that data also analyzed with various samples (86). On the basis of the results, it was recommended to increase public awareness through enlightenment campaign against danger of indiscriminate dumping of wastes as they affect human health. Moreover appropriate policy should be put in place to encourage partnership 1 143

2 with private individual corporations with a bid to ensuring quality of the environment. AMS Classification: 62D05 Key Words and Phrases: Solid Waste Management Practices Environment 1 Introduction Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource. Solid waste management should be embraced by each and every household including the business owners across the world. Industrialization has brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. Some of solid waste also produced from agriculture field due to urban society. Royal Edward Williams et al., observed that dumping of agriculture solid waste and municipal solid waste will pollute soil and affect its fertility and contaminate the ground water [5]. Indeed, government at all levels should collaborate with private individuals, corporations and agencies to ensure sound sanitation and hygienic environment devoid of common virus and communicable diseases for a healthy society. The situation is more compounded with inadequacy of funds, modern equipment, inadequate qualified personnel and laissez-faire attitude of the public to waste management [1]. Vijaykumar and Pandit recommended to educate and make aware the people to change their habits, so as to store waste at source, and dispose of the waste as per the direction of municipal council and effectively participate in the activities of municipal council [4]. Unfortunately; no city in India can claim 100% segregation of waste at dwelling unit and on an average only 70% waste collection is observed, while the remaining 30% is again mixed up and lost in urban environment [3]

3 2 Review of literature The Peoples perception and orientation about waste are studied by Ibrahim Adebayo Bello et al. [2]. Inefficient management and disposal of solid waste is an obvious cause of degradation of the environment in most of the cities of the developing world [6]. The study of Dhande and Ingle et al., reveals that the waste generation is large in the high-income group followed by middle and low-income group public. Further the physicochemical characterization of the waste was also studied [7]. There are wide variations in magnitude of MSW management problem between cities with similar income levels. A well-managed city with medium or low income may be significantly different from a similar city with poor urban MSW management. Waste stream analysis, material balance and life cycle assessment may be helpful in sustainable landfill management are studied by Jha, Singh et al. [8]. Jha and Sondhi studied the problem of waste management could be mitigated through adoption of improved method of collection and transportation and active community involvement. Scientific and environment friendly technologies for disposing the waste will reduce quantity of waste to be finally dumped besides generating substantial amount of manure and energy [9]. One of the main problems experienced by many developing nations in the lack of service provisions, particularly in low income areas. Because such conditions adversely affect the quality of life of the poor, local stake holders. Murad et al., concluded that Participation in social and environmental activities is necessary to resolve such socially undermining and environmentally degrading problems [10]. 3 Analysis the data For this study 94 samples from various houses from Nagapattinam town for Household waste, 88 samples for Industrial waste and 86 samples for agricultural waste was collected. The collected sample in the study area was analyzed with the help of Percentage Analysis. Among the variables, methods of waste disposal, types of waste are discussed

4 4 Characteristics of solid waste For this study, the methods of solid waste disposal with frequency and percentage were given in Table 1 and Fig. 1. It shows around 40% of the people disposed into garbage dump, nearly 48% of the people dumped the waste in open spaces. Only 7% of the people are burn there waste and 2% of the people used any other methods. Recycling method adopted only 3% of the people. Table 1: Methods of solid waste disposal Method of Solid waste Disposal Frequency Percentage Garbage Dump Recycling Dumped in open space Burning Any other methods Figure 1: Methods of solid waste disposal. The household waste characterization and volume of waste generated by the respondents in the study area was determined and the results presented in Table 2 and Fig. 2. This shows that among 34% of the wastes states that paper and paper board occupies the major portion of waste from their households. It showed that in yard waste, plastic, metals and glass constitute the components of solid waste generated in the Nagapattinam area; amounting to some (14%), (13%), (6.38%). Rubber, leather, textiles and wood constitute about 7.45% while 2.13% of their waste comes from other

5 Table 2: Household waste. Types of Waste Frequency Percentage Paper and Paper board Yard Waste Food Waste Plastic Metals Rubber, Leather and Textiles Wood Glass Others Figure 2: Types of household waste. The material composition in Industrial waste is given in Table 3 and Fig. 3. It showed that almost 31% of waste generated from chemicals and allied products. Next to the level is Paper and allied products stands second with 24% of their waste. Food processing, stone, Clay, Glass, Transportation equipments constitute the components of solid waste generated in Nagapattinam area; amount of some (13.64%, 7.95%, 4.55%). Electric, electronic equipment, machinery, nonelectrical and fabricated metal products constitute about (3.41%, 2.27%). 5.68% of waste comes from Petroleum coal products, Lumber and wood products. The Agriculture Waste was characterization and volume of waste generated by the respondents in the study area was determined and 5 147

6 Table 3: Industrial waste. Types of Waste Frequency Percentage Paper and allied products Chemicals and allied products Food processing Stone, Clay, Glass Electric, Electronic equipment Machinery, nonelectrical Fabricated metal products Transportation equipment Petroleum coal products Lumber, wood products Figure 3: Types of industrial waste. the results presented in Table 4 and Fig. 4. Fertilizers, Pesticides, Farm animal waste and Sediments constitute about 41.8%, 36.05%, 12.79%, 9.30% from their waste. 5 Suggestions and conclusion Solid waste management is one of the serious problems in Nagapattinam in particular and all over India and world in general. In Nagapatinam the accumulation of solid waste generation is increases every day because of urbanization. In this paper, three types of 6 148

7 Table 4: Agriculture waste. Types of Waste Frequency Percentage Fertilizers Pesticides Farm animal waste Sediments Figure 4: Types of agriculture waste. waste: Household waste, Industrial waste, Agriculture waste has been studied and it is presented in the form of percentage analysis. Only 3 respondents in the sample is recycling their waste and most of them were simply dumping in open space. 40% of respondents dumped the waste in over garbage. 12% of household waste consists of plastic and this will cause serious effect on environment. It is suggested to collect and dispose biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste separately. 31% of Industrial waste constitutes chemical and allied products and 41% of Agricultural waste is of fertilizer waste. These can be reduced by recycling method. The ugly situation can be improved upon by mounting enlightenment campaign on mass media alerting the public on the danger of environmental deterioration, the society is required to preserve, conserve and sustain the environmental resources. References [1] N.C. Anyanwu and J.O. Adefile, Nature and Management of Solid Waste in Karunasarawa State, Nigeria, Americal International 7 149

8 Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(11), [2] Ibrahim Adebayo Bello, Muhamad Norshafiq Bin Ismail and Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi (2011), Solid Waste Management in Africa: A Review, International Journal of Waste Resources, 6(2), 2016, DOI: / [3] Rajkumar Roshi and Sirajuddin Ahmed, Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: A review, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution & Waste Management [4] Vijay Kumar, R.K. Pandit, Problem of Solid Waste management in Indian Cities, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(3), [5] A. Royal Edward Williams and S. Kumar, Solid Waste Management in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2016). [6] M.R. Gidde, V.V. Todkar and K.K. Kokate, Municipal solid waste management in emerging mega cities: a case study of Pune city. In: Proceedings, GCE 2008, Indo Italian conference on green and clean environment, pp MAEER s MIT College of Engineering, Pune, India, Mar [7] A.D. Dhande and S.T. Ingle, S.B. Attarde and N.D. Wagh, Eco friendly approach of urban solid waste management A Case Study of Jalgaon city Maharastra, Journal of Envron. Biols., 26(4), 2005, [8] A.K. Jha, S.K. Singh, J.P. Singh and P.K. Gupta, Sustainable municipal solid waste management in low income group of cities: a review, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 52(1), 2011, [9] M.K. Jha, O.A.K. Sondhi and M. Pansare, Solid waste management a case study, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 23(10), 2003, [10] W.M. Murad, A. Raquib and C. Siwar, Willingness of the Poor to Pay for Improved Access to Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Services, The Journal of Environment Development, 16(1), 2007,

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