Oil Palm Trunk Utilization as Potential Feedstock for Biorefinery Development in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Oil Palm Trunk Utilization as Potential Feedstock for Biorefinery Development in Indonesia Unggul Priyanto Agus Eko T. Bambang T. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology 1

2 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION I. Biorefinery Technology II. Indonesian Feed Stock III. Oil Palm Trunk Utilization as Potential Feedstock for Biorefinery IV. Summary 2

3 3

4 Type of biorefinery 1. Cereal biorefinery/whole crop biorefinery 2. Oil seed biorefinery (palm oil, jatropha) 3. Lignocellulose feedstocks biorefinery 4. Marine biorefinery 5. Thermochemical pathway/syngas platform biorefinery 4

5 II. INDONESIAN FEEDSTOCK Indonesia is blessed with abundant bioresources : Plants producing oil (vegetable oil based plant) such as Oil palm, Coconut, Jatropha, etc are among potential resources for biochemicals. Starches such as cassava, sago palm and maize are among best starch-producing plant for sustainable feedstock of polymer and other valuable starting material. Sugar based plant such as sugar cane, Nipah palm, Arenga palm, sweet sorghum. Ligno/cellulosic material as agricultural or forestry residues are also abundant resources that can be explore further for feedstock. 5

6 POTENCY OF SUGARS-STARCH FEEDSTOCKS No. Sugar- Starch Resources Area (ha) Production (ton/ha.year) 1. Cassava million Sago 1 million Sugar cane (estate) (farmer) Sweet potato Corn 3.7 million 6-9 6

7 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED CASSAVA-BASED INDUSTRIES IN THE NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR STARCH TECHNOLOGY ( B 2 TP ) Energy source CASSAVA PLANTATION (PLANT ESTATE) ORGANIC FERTILIZER BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION SOLID WASTE Dietary Fiber as Functional Food Manure TAPIOCA PRODUCTION LIVE STOCK Fattening ETHANOL PRODUCT FAMILY TREE LIQUID WASTE BIOFUEL Heating & Shear Stress Separation & Packaging FEED Biological treatment Patent No. IDP Patent No. IDP Modified starch (pregelatinized starch, cassava flake) Starch Derivatives (Glucose syrup, Pyrodextrin) SLUDGE BIO-GAS HEAT or BIO-POWER

8 The Palm Oil Biorefinery PALM OIL FRESH FRUIT BUNCH PALM OIL FRUIT EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH SLUDGE PALM OIL FRUIT PALM OIL SEED KERNEL SHELL MESOCARP FIBER CRUDE PALM OIL FLASH KERNEL CAROTENE TOCOPHEROL OLEIN STEARIN FREE FATTY ACID SOAP STOCK CAKE PALM KERNEL OIL SHELL POWDER CHARCOAL FUEL CELLULOSE Cocoa Butter Substitute Cooking Oil Salad Oil Margarine SHORTENING Vegetables Ghee GLYSERINE SOAP FEED COMPONENT FATTY ACID MYRISTIC ACID Activated Carbon ORGANIC ACIDS PAPER/PARTICLE BOARD Fatty Alcohol (Ester) Metallic Salt Poly Ethoxylated Derivatives Fatty Amines Ester of Dibasic Acids Oxyganated Fatty Acids / Esters Fatty Alcohol, etc. Fatty Acids Amides 8

9 THE POTENCY OF PALM OIL WASTE IN INDONESIA Production of palm oil in Indonesia: 8.8 million ha of million ha 33.2 million tons CPO per year *) Palm Oil Empty Fruits Bunch Fiber (POEFBF): ± 45 million tons Mesocarp Fiber : ± 29 million tons Palm Kernel Cake : ± 12. million tons Palm Kernel Shell : ± 18.3 million tons Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) : ± 130 million tons *) Source: Dir-Gen of Estate Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2016

10 III. Oil Palm Trunk Utilization as Potential Feedstock for Biorefinery It was estimated 450,000 hectares of oil palms should be replanted annually (from 2010 to 2035) to maintain the oil productivity Felled Down of Oil Palm Trunks for replanting is more than 50 million trunks annually.

11 The Distribution of Sugars Content in the Old Oil Palm Trunks The Height (m) Total Sugar (%w/w) Soluble Sugar (%w/w) Moisture Content (%w/w) ,67 17,38 17,67 19,56 18,88 18,59 12,45 9,69 4,80 2,83 1,25 2,61 2,90 2,46 2,61 2,90 4,35 4,93 5,13 4,05 1,77 1,23 59,01 53,62 61,81 49,32 54,06 57,23 57,36 57,57 61,65 62,50 63,99

12 The Invention for Oil Palm Trunk Utilization Cutting-Crushing The Felled Down Oil Palm Trunks Fibrous Mash Skin Separation Drying-Pressing Air Classification Starch Rich Flour Fiber Rich Part Screening Biomass Powder Production Starch Conversion Starch Purification Powder Stock Glucose Syrup Glucose Fermentation Products Starch Boiler-Turbine Generator Electricity 12

13 The Process Flow of Oil Palm Trunk Utilization Top Mid Botom Table-Saw. Cutting Mill Roller mil. Rotary Screen Roller Mill Small Large part Add Dry Powder Drying Air Classifier Biomass powder Drying Air Classifier Small part are mostly parenchyma Large part are mostly vascular bundle

14 Total Sugar (%) Ethanol (%) Total Sugar (%) Ethanol (%) Comparison of sap & starch of OPT for ethanol production Incubation Time (hour) Incubation Time (hour) Biothanol fermentation test of OPT sap (concentrated) Bioethanol fermentation of starch-rich flour by using SSF system Fermentation Ratio was 86%

15 Potential feedstocks of Biomass in the Oil Palm Estates Felled Down of Oil Palm Trunks for replanting is more than 50 million trunks annually. The potency of Starch-rich Flour is about 2.5 to 3.25 million tons/year. It is equal to million KL FGE

16 Conceptual Development of Biorefinery for Felled Down Oil Palm Trunks R ~ 8 Km Starch-rich Flour Ton/year OPT Treatment Unit One cluster covers Ha of Oil Palm Estate OPT Treatment Unit Power Plant Biomass Powder Ton/year OPT Treatment Unit Starch production ton/annum Electricity > 3 MW or Biomass powder ton /annum One Production line treating ~ 110 trunks per day

17 Fiber -Rich Part Solid Fuel maltose Caramel High Fructose Syrup Oil Palm Trunk Power Generator Electric Hydrolysis Glucose syrup Starch- Rich Part Biogass Production Fermentation Crystal Dextrose Starch purification Native Starch Starch-Rich Flour Starch Technolgy Center Citric Acid MSG Polyol Amino acids Alcohol Lactic acid Isomalt, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Erythritol, Maltitol, Mannitol Lysine Biofuel Baverage Packaging Yarn fiber

18 SUMMARY Efficient ways of utilizing oil palm trunks (OPT) already invented for an ideal oil palm plantation and a sustainable palm oil industry. The prominent achievement of this assessment is to set up the design of dry processing system for separating of the starch-rich flour and fiber rich powder. The potency of the starch-rich flour is about percent of total dried biomass containing total sugar not less than 70%, while the other part is containing 4300 to 4800 kcal of energy per kg biomass powder. 18

19 19