The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan. Claire Beckstead Erin Welk

Transcription

1 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan Claire Beckstead Erin Welk January 5, 2011

2 Beckstead, Claire and Welk, Erin The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan Printed in Canada The Pembina Institute Box 7558 Drayton Valley, Alberta Canada T7A 1S7 Phone: About the Pembina Institute The Pembina Institute is a national non-profit think tank that advances sustainable energy solutions through research, education, consulting and advocacy. It promotes environmental, social and economic sustainability in the public interest by developing practical solutions for communities, individuals, governments and businesses. The Pembina Institute provides policy research leadership and education on climate change, energy issues, green economics, energy efficiency and conservation, renewable energy, and environmental governance. For more information about the Pembina Institute, visit or contact info@pembina.org. Our engaging monthly newsletter offers insights into the Pembina Institute s projects and activities, and highlights recent news and publications. Subscribe to Pembina enews: The Pembina Institute ii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

3 About the Authors About the Authors Claire Beckstead, MES Claire Beckstead is a Technical and Policy Advisor with the Pembina Institute's Sustainable Communities Group. She is engaged in community energy planning with municipalities and First Nations communities in British Columbia, and has worked with many small and large communities across the province. Claire has experience with community energy planning (including greenhouse gas inventory analysis), facilitation and stakeholder engagement, and research and policy design. Claire has recently been involved in the Pembina Institute s Green Building Leaders project, engaging with over twelve local governments across the province to work towards implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. Prior to joining the Pembina Institute, Claire worked with Ontario school boards exploring the nontechnical barriers to installing school-based solar photovoltaic projects. Claire holds a Master of Environmental Studies from the University of Waterloo. For more information on this report, please contact Claire at claireb@pembina.org Erin Welk, MA Erin Welk is a Technical and Policy Advisor with the Sustainable Communities Group at the Pembina Institute. She has a background in land-use planning and is engaged in community energy planning and greenhouse gas inventory analysis with municipalities in British Columbia and Alberta. Currently, her key project is the development of a comprehensive Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan for the City of Calgary. Before joining the Pembina Institute, Erin was a Planner with Smart Growth BC, a non-profit organization that works with municipalities on sustainable land use and transportation policies. In early 2010, she completed the Official Community Plan for the District of Elkford an innovative plan that integrates climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. Erin holds a Master of Arts degree in Geography from Simon Fraser University, where she focused on stakeholder engagement and power relations in the contestation of community planning and development in environmentally sensitive locations. The Pembina Institute iii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

4 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The Pembina Institute would like to acknowledge the support of the City of Campbell River Council and staff. The following City staff were involved in the development of the Carbon Neutral Strategy: Staff Steering Committee General Manager, Operations General Manager, Facilities and Supply Sustainability Manager Transportation Manager Manager of Finance Utilities Manager Water Supervisor Wastewater Supervisor Facilities and Properties Manager Facilities and Properties Clerk Technician Parks Supervisor Sustainability COOP Student City Green Team Ron Neufeld Dave Morris Amber Zirnhelt Drew Hadfield Doug Chapman Jennifer Peters Jennifer Brunn Graham Stewart Andrew Bailey Jason Decksheimer Grant Parker Brad Densmore *All members of the City s Green Team reviewed the strategy Funding for this report was provided through the BC Climate Action Revenue Incentive Program Rebate and from the Federal Gas Tax Funding - Community Works Fund. The Pembina Institute iv The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

5 Abbreviations Abbreviations $ Canadian dollars CO 2 e Emissions with greenhouse properties equivalent to Carbon Dioxide ekwh energy output equivalent to one kwh GJ GigaJoules = 278 kilowatt-hours GHG Greenhouse gases gpm Gallons per minute km kilometre kwh kilowatt-hour MWh Megawatt-hour = 1,000 kwh t tonne = 1,000 kilograms The Pembina Institute v The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

6 Executive Summary Executive Summary This report provides a plan for Campbell River to move forward on energy and climate action at the corporate scale. The intention is to provide Campbell River with a solid base to take action to reduce greenhouse gases and meet the City s commitment to the BC Climate Action Charter. The City of Campbell River has already begun to implement policies and to take actions to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from its municipal corporate operations. Significantly, in 2008 the City of Campbell River adopted the Green City Strategy a Council commitment to move towards environmental sustainability. Through the planning process, citizens, stakeholders and municipal staff identified two key actions: achieve carbon neutrality in the corporate operations of the City; and develop and implement a greenhouse gas plan for the community. This plan focuses on the first action item, while the latter priority is currently being addressed through a community wide sustainability plan scheduled for completion in 2011: the Sustainable Official Community Plan & Community Energy and Emissions Plan. Corporate Emissions and Achieving Carbon Neutrality As a signatory of the Climate Action Charter, Campbell River has committed to being carbon neutral in its corporate operations by Achieving carbon neutrality means that the total emissions from Campbell River s corporate operations will either be reduced through strategic actions, or offset to zero by purchasing carbon offsets. Being carbon neutral involves four steps: 1) Completing annual GHG inventories to measure Campbell River s total annual corporate emissions, 2) Reducing emissions from Campbell River s own operations as much as possible through strategic actions, 3) Purchasing offsets for the emissions remaining after implementing reduction actions, 4) Reporting both the total annual emissions and offset purchases to the provincial government. GHG Emissions (t CO2e) To complete the first step, Campbell River has 1,600 completed two annual GHG inventories for ,400 Power and Heat (Electricity) and The chart to the left illustrates the 1,200 total emissions from each year, and the change 1,000 from 2008 to Two inventories are not 800 enough to identify a trend, but it can be interesting to compare two inventories to track how emissions have changed from year to year Misc Overall, total emissions have decreased from to 2009 by approximately 7%. Between 2008 and 2009, emissions from buildings decreased by approximately 9% and emissions from Heat (NG, Propane, Heating Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuels) Travel (Optional) The Pembina Institute vi The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

7 Executive Summary the fleet decreased by approximately 6%. The Green Roof project that was installed on City Hall in 2009 could potentially account for a decline in electricity use and costs during External factors such as extreme weather, including heavy snowfall in 2008, could also account for the decline in emissions. The second step in carbon neutrality is to reduce emissions as much as possible by implementing strategic emissions reduction actions. As part of this report, Campbell River staff have brainstormed a list of potential opportunities to reduce emissions from buildings and other infrastructure, fleet and machinery, energy generation, and through purchasing policies. Potential Offset Liability, 2012 The third step in achieving carbon neutrality is to purchase offsets for the emissions that cannot be reduced through strategic actions. The chart to the right illustrates Campbell River s offset liability in 2012 if no actions are taken to reduce emissions from Campbell River s corporate operations. Assuming a $25 per tonne price per offsets, Campbell River s offset liability in 2012 would be $ 37,500 if purchased through the Pacific Carbon Trust. 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Total Emissions Potential Emissions Reduction Actions This report provides a number of recommendations to consider for adoption by Council. 1. Adopt the following GHG reduction target for Campbell River s corporate operations Year Target % reduction below 2008 levels % reduction below 2008 levels % reduction below 2008 levels In order to work towards achieving these targets, it is recommended that Campbell River: 2. Annually track and report on greenhouse gas emissions and initiatives to move toward carbon neutrality as required by the B.C. Climate Action Charter. We recommend that: a. The annual GHG inventory is presented to all departments each year, and that each department has the opportunity to brainstorm and give input on new reduction opportunities. The Pembina Institute vii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

8 Executive Summary b. Progress towards meeting Campbell River s targets is communicated effectively to staff and council, and that successes and challenges are communicated appropriately to all stakeholders. Emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2040 should be set by c. Campbell River coordinate with surrounding municipalities, First Nations communities, and Regional Districts to identify regional reduction opportunities, and also to negotiate how shared emissions will be reported to the province. 3. Use the Climate Action Revenue Incentive Program rebate money to establish an emissions reduction fund for municipal projects. Campbell River should explore the possibility of expanding this fund to create a stable source of funding for emission reduction activities beyond the CARIP funding. 4. Annually review, prioritize and (when feasible) implement the energy and emissions reduction actions identified in Chapter 4 as well as any new ideas identified by staff and Council. 5. Continue to implement the opportunities identified during the Green Building B.C. Opportunities Assessment of Campbell River s buildings. Comprehensive energy efficiency retrofits are in the process of being implemented in the Sportsplex, City Hall and the Enterprise Centre. Campbell River should prioritize the remaining opportunities for all buildings, and should continue to implement the identified retrofit opportunities. 6. Implement a Green Building Policy for new municipal facilities. Campbell River may want to explore the opportunity to require that all new buildings meet at least LEED Gold or an alternate green building standard. 7. Identify opportunities for alternative energy sources in Campbell River s new and existing municipal facilities. This will build on the work Campbell River has done identifying the opportunity for solar hot water in municipal facilities. Other technologies Campbell River could consider are, for example, geo-exchange, heat recovery, biomass, tidal, and wind. 8. Develop Campbell River s Green Vehicle Policy. This policy should include: a. Incorporating GHGs into vehicle purchasing decisions, b. Investigating the opportunity to use cleaner fuels in Campbell River s fleet and machinery, including moving toward B10 or B20 biodiesel and electric vehicles as these options become viable, c. Re-evaluating the anti-idling program for municipal vehicles to increase effectiveness and participation, d. Implementing programs and technology for driver-training and trip-planning. 9. Create an offset purchasing policy. This policy would guide the eventual purchase of offsets to ensure that Campbell River is purchasing the highest-quality qualifying offsets. 10. Update the City s environmental purchasing policy to ensure that GHG are considered for all purchases made by the City. The Pembina Institute viii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

9 Executive Summary 11. Engage city staff in day-to-day reduction opportunities. In particular, we recommend: a. Implementing a staff-focused conservation program to identify behaviour-change opportunities, led by the City s Green Team. b. Conducting a staff survey to identify staff commuting habits and to encourage car-pooling and active modes of transportation. The Pembina Institute ix The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

10 Table of Contents The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan Table of Contents About the Pembina Institute... ii About the Authors...iii Acknowledgements...iv Abbreviations... v Executive Summary...vi 1. Introduction Project Overview Defining Carbon Neutrality B.C. Policy Context Taking Stock Corporation-Wide Strategic Plans, Programs and Policy Energy Efficiency and Conservation The City s Fleet Vehicles Renewable Energy Corporate Energy Inventory Summary of in-scope activities Corporate Energy and Emissions Inventories Inventory Inventory Comparing the 2008 and 2009 Inventories Action Planning Buildings and other Infrastructure Fleet and Machinery (Gasoline and Diesel) Energy Generation Purchasing Policies...23 The Pembina Institute x The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

11 Table of Contents 5. Carbon Neutrality and Offsets What is an Offset? Achieving Carbon Neutrality by Purchasing Offsets Selling Offsets Corporate Target Setting Recommendations Appendices Appendix 1 Completing an Annual Cool Tool Inventory Appendix 2 Ministry of Community Development Carbon Neutral Scope Appendix 3 Action Planning Assumptions...40 The Pembina Institute xi The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

12 Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1 - Activities in-scope for annual carbon neutral GHG inventories... 9 Figure 2 - Comparing GHG Intensities for Different Fuel Types in B.C Figure 3 - Total Energy Use, Cost and GHG Emissions for Corporate Operations (2008)...13 Figure 4 - Total Emissions by Traditional Services (2008)...14 Figure 5 - Total Emissions by Contracted Services (2008)...14 Figure 6 - Total Energy Use, Cost, and GHG Emissions for Corporate Operations (2009)...16 Figure 7 - Total Emissions By Traditional Services (2009)...17 Figure 8 - Total Emissions by Contracted Services (2009)...17 Figure 9 - Total GHG Emissions and Figure 10 - Total GHG Emissions by Energy Type and Figure 11 - Total GHG Emissions by Traditional Services and Figure 12 - Total Projected Emissions Figure 13 - Potential Reduction Opportunities, Figure 14 - Potential Reduction Opportunities, List of Tables Table 1 - GHG Inventory Summary (2008)...12 Table 2 - GHG Inventory Summary (2009)...15 Table 3 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Buildings and Other Infrastructure)...21 Table 4 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Fleet and Machinery)...22 Table 5 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Energy Generation)...23 Table 6 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Purchasing Policies)...23 The Pembina Institute xii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

13 Table of Contents The Pembina Institute xiii The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

14 Introduction 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Overview The City of Campbell River is committed to demonstrating leadership in greenhouse gas emissions reduction, energy conservation and pursuing renewable energy, and is well suited to be a leader of action on climate change. This Carbon Neutral Plan aims to build on Campbell River s current successes in moving toward long-term sustainability and advancing Campbell River s energy planning work to be among the best in Canada. This report provides a plan for Campbell River to move forward on energy and climate action at the corporate scale. The intention is to provide Campbell River with a solid base to take action to reduce greenhouse gases and meet the City s commitment to the BC Climate Action Charter. This report provides Campbell River with the following components to achieve this goal: An overview of Campbell River s current action on energy and emissions (Chapter 2) A Corporate Emissions Inventory, for both 2008 and 2009 (Chapter 3) A list of planned and potential actions at the corporate level (Chapter 4) A discussion of carbon neutrality and offsets (Chapter 5 ) A discussion of corporate target setting (Chapter 6) Recommendations for next steps (Chapter 7) 1.2 Defining Carbon Neutrality Carbon neutrality means reducing your total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to zero. Being carbon neutral involves four steps: 5) Completing annual GHG inventories to measure Campbell River s total annual corporate emissions, 6) Reducing emissions from Campbell River s own operations as much as possible through strategic actions, 7) Purchasing offsets for the emissions remaining after implementing reduction actions, and 8) Reporting both the total annual emissions and offset purchases to the provincial government. The Pembina Institute 1 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

15 Introduction This document explains Campbell River s strategy for making the City s carbon neutral commitment a reality, and outlines concrete actions to achieve this goal. Campbell River will strive to achieve real reductions in emissions through concrete actions; however, at least initially, it will likely be necessary to purchase offsets to achieve carbon neutrality. 1.3 B.C. Policy Context In 2007, the provincial government passed the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Act (Bill 44). This act committed B.C. to the following greenhouse gas reduction targets: 33% below 2007 levels by 2020, and 80% below 2007 level by As part of the broader strategy to achieve B.C. s greenhouse gas reduction (GHG) targets, the Climate Action Charter was developed to encourage local governments to make their operations carbon neutral by 2012, to measure and report on their community s emissions, and to work toward creating more compact, complete, energy efficient communities. The Climate Action Charter was a voluntary initiative, and as of June 21, 2010, 178 local governments in B.C. signed onto the Charter. Campbell River is amongst the signatories of the Charter and is committed to being carbon neutral in its municipal operations by Making the commitment to become carbon neutral is one way of demonstrating leadership and kick-starting B.C. s transition to a climate-friendly future. By signing the Climate Action Charter, Campbell River is now eligible for the Climate Action Revenue Incentive Program (CARIP). Starting immediately after signing the Climate Action Charter, Campbell River is eligible to receive an annual grant equal to 100% of the carbon tax paid by Campbell River (on fossil fuel used for its municipal operations) each year. The other piece of relevant legislation pertaining to municipal greenhouse gas emissions is the Green Communities Act (Bill 27). This act provides local governments with a variety of tools to help them reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve water and energy, and work towards creating more compact and sustainable communities. The amendments focus on: Greenhouse reduction targets in OCPs and regional growth strategies Development cost charge exemptions, waivers or reductions Expanded development permit area authority Flexibility related to off-street parking Bill 27 does not have an immediate impact on corporate-level emissions, although the City s corporate-level emissions are a small component of the total community emissions inventory. 1 Local governments are not required to adopt these same targets. The Pembina Institute 2 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

16 Introduction As part of the Sustainable Official Community Plan the City of Campbell River is currently developing a community-wide energy and emissions plan to address the requirements of Bill 27. The remainder of this document will focus on Campbell River s corporate-level GHG emissions, and will outline the plan to achieve carbon neutrality. The Pembina Institute 3 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

17 Taking Stock 2. Taking Stock The City of Campbell River has already begun to implement policies and take actions to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from its municipal corporate operations. While some of these actions may have started to positively impact corporate emissions, other policies and actions will begin to show results in 2010 and beyond. Nevertheless, the actions taken to date have generated corporate momentum and offer a solid foundation from which to design and implement additional policy and action towards the ultimate goal of achieving carbon neutrality in Campbell River s municipal operations. The policies and actions the City of Campbell River has implemented to date are summarized according to the following categories: Corporation Wide Strategic Plans, Programs and Policy Energy Efficiency and Conservation The City s Fleet Vehicles Renewable Energy 2.1 Corporation-Wide Strategic Plans, Programs and Policy It is important that this Carbon Neutral Plan take direction from the City s broader strategic goals and objectives, as well as offer a path for the City to reduce its corporate emissions and energy use. Taken together, these strategic plans support and provide direction for further action on climate change. For example, the City s Corporate Strategic Plan guides short and long-term management and decision-making. Two key areas of responsibility are fiscal sustainability and environmental sustainability, both of which support the CNP. Over time, the CNP will be further integrated into the city s corporate planning to ensure coordinated effort and action to support the City s reduction of green house gas emissions. In 2008 the City of Campbell River adopted the Green City Strategy a Council commitment to move towards environmental sustainability. As part of the strategy, the city identified five priority areas: sustainability planning, waste reduction, energy conservation and renewable City of Campbell River Corporate Mission Statement: The mission of the corporation of the City of Campbell River is to deliver quality services in a fiscally responsible manner that promote prosperity and social, economic and environmental health for current and future generations. energy, and environmental management and stewardship. Through the planning process, citizens, stakeholders and municipal staff identified two key actions: achieve carbon neutrality in the corporate operations of the City; and develop and implement a greenhouse gas plan for the community. This plan focuses on the first action item, while the latter priority is currently being The Pembina Institute 4 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

18 Taking Stock addressed through a community wide sustainability plan scheduled for completion in 2011: the Sustainable Official Community Plan & Community Energy and Emissions Plan. The Corporate Green Team includes City staff members from all departments, and works together to ensure the Green City Strategy is integrated into all city operations and services. The team has developed a Corporate Greening Strategy and initiated behaviour change initiatives such as lights out and double sided printing campaigns. The team works to raise awareness and develop a culture of sustainability by hosting Lunch n Learn sessions and Sustainability 101 workshops. In November 2008, City Council endorsed an Environmental Purchasing Policy that mandates environmental and sustainable evaluation on all City acquisitions. Under the policy, extended evaluation may include: end of life disposal costs, total lifecycle costs, carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, impacts on human health, impacts on wildlife and percentage of recycled content. The policy offers the City the opportunity to choose to pay a premium for a sustainable product. In cases where all product descriptions and features are equivalent, the item with a lower environmental impact will be chosen. 2.2 Energy Efficiency and Conservation The City of Campbell River has begun to investigate and implement actions to improve energy efficiency and conservation in its building operations. The following opportunity assessments have been conducted: The BC Hydro Energy Management Assessment was completed in 2009 and identifies opportunities for electricity conservation and improved energy efficiency. Results suggest the City has an opportunity to reduce electricity consumption by between 11 and 16%. Leemac Electric completed a Lighting Assessment for Firehall #2 in 2009 that identified opportunities and technologies best suited for a lighting retrofit. In 2007, BC Hydro Power Smart conducted a Commercial Building Survey. This assessment was a walk-through evaluation to identify potential energy reduction measures. Green Buildings B.C. conducted an Opportunity Assessment in 2007 on 17 of the City s facilities to identify the energy and emissions reduction opportunities and lifecycle costs for retrofits to each building. In sum, the building retrofit actions were estimated to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the buildings by 17%, a total of approximately 160 tonnes of CO 2 e. The City has begun to take action and implement its opportunities for building equipment and lighting retrofits. For example, the City has started to replace its T12 lighting technology with more efficient T8 bulbs during each bulb replacement. The following actions are either completed or funded and planned for completion by 2012: The Pembina Institute 5 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

19 Taking Stock In 2009, the City completed the installation of a Green Roof on City Hall it is B.C. s first intensive and extensive green roof retrofit to an existing civic building. The green roof consists of an extensive upper roof and a landscaped courtyard area. The increased building insulation from the vegetation layer is anticipated to reduce the need for heating and cooling by up to 25%. Total lifecycle cost savings are estimated to be $196,000 based on 2009 dollars and electricity rates. The Green Roof retrofit is expected to double the life span of the roof from 25 to 50 years by providing a protective layer of vegetation and soil that protects the roofing membrane from the elements such as solar radiation and rain. In May 2010, City Council approved funding to conduct comprehensive retrofits in three facilities: the Sportsplex, City Hall and Enterprise Centre. An energy audit completed for the facilities estimates that lighting retrofits and optimization of HVAC controls in buildings can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 tonnes - 13% of the total GHG emissions produced by the three buildings in Blower upgrades at Norm Wood Environmental Facility are scheduled for 2010 and are estimated to reduce energy used in the facility by 30 to 40%. The Transportation Department has initiated lighting retrofit programs and assessed the opportunity for conservation through street lighting design: LED demonstration lights have been installed at Ken Ford boat ramp; Campbell River receives a FCM Municipal Award of Excellence for its Green Roof The Federation of Canadian Municipalities recognized Campbell River s Green Roof in the 2010 Building awards category that showcases leading municipal, environmental, energy, sustainability planning and waste reduction activities. There is ongoing exploration of new technology, such as Illuminex lights The Adaptive Street Lighting Study was completed at the end of 2009 and identifies the potential for the reduction of energy used by streetlights during off peak periods. The potential greenhouse gas reduction from adaptations to streetlights on local, collector and arterial roads in Campbell River is approximately 2.3 tonnes per year. 2.3 The City s Fleet Vehicles The City has begun to implement programs to reduce the impact of its fleet vehicles. The following activities approach the task by reducing the amount of fuel consumed through changing fuel types and improved vehicle efficiency, as well as modifying driver behaviours: The Anti-Idling Policy was endorsed by City Council in 2008 and applies to city vehicles or equipment owned, leased, rented or operated by the City. Drivers of heavy duty and light duty vehicles each have allowable warm-up and idling periods. The Green The Pembina Institute 6 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

20 Taking Stock Team has conducted departmental workshops and training in order to help city staff adopt the policy. The City participates in the E-3 Fleet Program that provides resources to help with fleet review and recommendations for upgrades and replacement vehicles. The program has helped the City identify fuel use patterns, vehicle utilization and availability, fleet emissions and best in class upgrades. The City is replacing light duty vehicles with hybrids on an ongoing basis. In 2009, the City began using three hybrid vehicles in its fleet and plans to purchase two more in The City plans to acquire two fully electric vehicles in Starting in 2010, all diesel vehicles began using B5 fuel (5% biodiesel content). The City has designated a carpooling parking stall at City Hall and is an active participant in Bike to Work Week, encouraging staff to use alternative transportation for commuting. 2.4 Renewable Energy The City of Campbell River is demonstrating leadership in promoting solar energy. To date, the City powers 12 crosswalk signals and two radar boxes with solar technology. Solar Hot Water Installations - The potential for solar hot water installations was assessed for five City facilities: the Sportsplex, City Hall, RCMP Station, Centennial Pool, and Fire Hall No 1. The total GHG reduction potential amounts to approximately 12.8 tonnes. The City will proceed As one of British Columbia s Solar Communities, Campbell River will receive a $5,000 grant toward promoting solar energy, access to other funding opportunities and ongoing support and training for the implementation of solar technologies. with the installation of three demonstration projects in at the Sportsplex, RCMP Station and Fire Hall No. 1. These activities are expected to produce a savings of approximately 4.3 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. The total cost to the City is estimated to be $41,300, and the remaining $11,000 in expenses is expected to be covered by grants from NRCan and Solar BC. As part of the solar hot water installations, the City will be installing an educational kiosk at the Sportsplex to promote solar hot water for homeowners and provide educational materials for local residents, schools and tourists. The City is also installing solar hot water on a new lift station that supports the sewer system. The City of Campbell River is currently exploring a number of other opportunities to diversify its sources of electricity and heat through the utilization of renewable energy. Currently, the City is conducting the following feasibility studies: A Tidal Power Feasibility Study is evaluating the potential for a small-scale demonstration project at Discovery Fishing Pier. The study incorporates tidal The Pembina Institute 7 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

21 Taking Stock modeling, current measurements and marine impact evaluation. The aim is for the project to generate power for lights at Discovery Pier and potentially supply some of the electricity for the Maritime Heritage Centre. Wind Feasibility Study Feasibility Study for Heat Recovery in the Sewer System The City is also exploring the use of biomass, district energy systems and geo-exchange heat capture and recovery. The Pembina Institute 8 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

22 Corporate Energy Inventory 3. Corporate Energy Inventory 3.1 Summary of in-scope activities The first step in achieving carbon neutrality is to complete annual GHG inventories. In order to complete a GHG inventory, it is first important to understand what activities are in and out of scope. The Ministry of Community and Rural Development (MCRD) has outlined a specific scope for local governments for completing their annual GHG inventory. The MCRD scope standardizes what activities are in-scope for carbon neutral inventory reporting for all local governments in BC. Figure 1 outlines all activities that are in-scope for the annual carbon neutral GHG inventories. Figure 1 - Activities in-scope for annual carbon neutral GHG inventories MCRD has subdivided the local government s energy use into two categories: Buildings, Infrastructure and Other Structures; and Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery. Any energy used The Pembina Institute 9 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

23 Corporate Energy Inventory in either of these two categories that produces GHGs is included in a local government s annual GHG inventory. MCRD has also identified six Traditional Service areas that define the in-scope activities for carbon neutral reporting. The six Traditional Services are: Administration and Governance Drinking, Storm and Waste Water Solid Waste Collection Roads and Traffic Operations Art, Recreation and Cultural Services Fire Services Any service provided by BC local governments that fall within these six categories are considered in-scope for carbon neutrality. There are specific activities that are excluded from municipal corporate inventories. Specifically, emissions from the following sources are excluded: Landfill Transit services Police services New construction (facilities, roads, etc.) Primary power generation Social housing Tree farms Community sources (e.g., residential or commercial emissions) Given these exemptions, as an example, the Highway 19A new construction project in Campbell River would not be included in Campbell River s inventory. As well, the operations of the Campbell River Airport are also out of scope. The inventory must also include all activities that are owned and operated by the local government, contractors and subsidiaries of the local government. In other words, if an activity or service falls into one of the six Traditional Services categories outlined by MCRD, and it is not one of the eight specific exemptions, even if the service is performed by a contractor or a subsidiary of the local government, it must be included in the inventory. This information will be obtained directly from the contractors and subsidiaries for inclusion in the inventory. Please see Appendix 2 for MCRD s summary of both in and out of scope activities. The results of the 2008 and 2009 inventories will now be presented. The Pembina Institute 10 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

24 tonnes of GHGs per MWh of energy Corporate Energy Inventory 3.2 Corporate Energy and Emissions Inventories The City of Campbell River has completed their 2008 and 2009 Corporate Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory using the Pembina Cool Tool. 2 Campbell River staff participated in the Pembina Cool Tool workshops, and now have the ability to complete annual GHG inventories in-house. Data to complete the 2008 and 2009 inventory were collected from BC Hydro and Terasen Gas bills, and from fuel consumption records. Information from Campbell River contractors was also required to complete the Cool Tool Inventory. 3 The GHG inventory results provide a snapshot of energy consumption, the associated costs, and greenhouse gas emissions for the corporate operations of the City of Campbell River in 2008 and Campbell River is now able to continue to complete annual GHG inventories with the Pembina Cool Tool. It is important to note that greenhouse gas emission intensity factors vary for each energy source. This means that for each unit of energy produced, different fuels emit a different amount of greenhouse gas emissions. In B.C., electricity is primarily produced from hydro power, and therefore produces fewer GHGs than if B.C. electricity came from a dirtier source such as coal. Per unit of energy consumed, electricity in B.C. also produces fewer GHGs than a fuel type such as natural gas. Figure 1 illustrates the GHG intensities of different fuels Comparing GHG Intensities Electricity (in BC) Natural Gas Gasoline Diesel Figure 2 - Comparing GHG Intensities for Different Fuel Types in B.C Inventory In 2008, Campbell River s total corporate energy consumption was 53,701 GJ. This translated to 1,484 tonnes of CO 2 e. The total cost for energy was $1,058,261. Table 1 shows the breakdown of energy consumption, energy costs, and greenhouse gas emissions for both 2 Please see Appendix 1 Completing an Annual Cool Tool Inventory for additional details on completing a Cool Tool inventory. 3 Contracted services information is more difficult to obtain as this information needs to be tracked and reported by the various contractors. As Campbell River becomes improves this data collection, the contracted services portion of the 2008 and 2009 inventories may be adjusted as appropriate. The Pembina Institute 11 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

25 Corporate Energy Inventory buildings and fleet in Note that the Cool Tool converts all energy consumption to GJ; the results include all energy sources, including both electricity and vehicle fuel. Table 1 - GHG Inventory Summary (2008) Inventory Summary Table GHG Emissions Energy Use Cost (t CO2e) (GJ) ($ CDN) Power and Heat (Electricity) , ,047 Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) 440 8, ,498 Fleet (All vehicle fuel) , ,715 Travel (Optional) Miscellaneous 0 n/a n/a Total 1,484 53,701 1,058,261 Figure 3 below shows what percentage of total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and cost are attributed to buildings (electricity, natural gas and propane), and what percentage is attributed to the vehicle fleet (gasoline and diesel). The Pembina Institute 12 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

26 Corporate Energy Inventory Energy Use (% of total energy expended) Cost (% of costs) GHGEmissions (% of total emissions) 16% 21% 0% 63% 12% 19% 0% 69% 53% 0% 0% 17% 30% Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) Figure 3 - Total Energy Use, Cost and GHG Emissions for Corporate Operations (2008) In 2008, Power and Heat (Electricity) in municipal buildings accounts for 63% of total energy use and 69% of total cost, but only 17% of total GHG emissions. In contrast, heat (Natural Gas, Propane and Fuel Oil) in municipal buildings accounts for 16% of energy use and 12% of total cost, and accounts for 30% of total GHG emissions. Similarly, the vehicle fleet accounts for 21% of total energy use and 19% of total cost, but accounts for 53% of total GHG emissions. This reflects the fact that natural gas, propane, diesel and gasoline have higher GHG emissions factors than electricity. The Cool Tool also disaggregates the data into the Traditional Services (as defined by the Ministry of Community and Rural Development - MCRD) and into municipal and contracted services. The Traditional Services as defined by the MCRD are: Administration and Governance; Roads and Transportation; Solid Waste; Arts, Recreation, Parks and Cultural Services; and Water and Waste Water. Campbell River elected to disaggregate the Water and Waste Water category into two separate categories. Figure 4 illustrates the percentage of emissions from each Traditional Service. In 2008, 1,173 tonnes of CO 2 e are attributed to municipally-owned facilities and fleet, which is 79% of the total emissions. Contracted services account for 311 tonnes of CO 2 e, or 21%. The information to quantify the contracted services is more difficult to obtain as it needs to be provided by each individual contractor. As mentioned, contractor information is difficult to obtain, and both the information itself and the process for collection will be refined going forward. This component of the 2008 and 2009 inventories may be amended as better information is obtained from the contractors. Figure 5 illustrates the Traditional Services breakdown, and Figure 5 illustrates the Contracted Service breakdown. The Pembina Institute 13 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

27 Corporate Energy Inventory Traditional Services (% of total emissions) 31% 6% 0% 12% 13% 4% 19% 14% Admin and Governance Wastewater Roads and Transportation Fire Water Solid Waste Arts, Rec, Parks and Cultural Not Selected Figure 4 - Total Emissions by Traditional Services (2008) Contracted/Municipal (% of total emissions) 0% 21% 79% Contracted Municipal Not Selected Figure 5 - Total Emissions by Contracted Services (2008) The Pembina Institute 14 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

28 Corporate Energy Inventory Inventory The 2009 inventory is similar to the 2008 inventory. In 2009, Campbell River s total corporate energy consumption was 51,165 GJ. This translated to 1,373 tonnes of CO 2 e. The total cost for energy was $1,006,452. Table 2 shows the breakdown of energy consumption, energy costs, and greenhouse gas emissions for both buildings and fleet in Table 2 - GHG Inventory Summary (2009) Inventory Summary Table GHG Emissions Energy Use Cost (t CO2e) (GJ) ($ CDN) Power and Heat (Electricity) , ,684 Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) 384 7, ,294 Fleet (All vehicle fuel) , ,474 Travel (Optional) Miscellaneous 0 n/a n/a Total 1,373 51,165 1,006,452 Figure 6 below shows what percentage of total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and cost are attributed to buildings (electricity, natural gas and propane), and what percentage is attributed to the vehicle fleet (gasoline and diesel). The Pembina Institute 15 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

29 Corporate Energy Inventory Energy Use (% of total energy expended) Cost (% of costs) 15% 21% 0% 64% 12% 12% 0% 76% Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) GHGEmissions (% of total emissions) 0% 0% 19% 53% 28% Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Travel (Optional) Figure 6 - Total Energy Use, Cost, and GHG Emissions for Corporate Operations (2009) The Pembina Institute 16 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

30 Corporate Energy Inventory In 2009, 1,065 tonnes of CO 2 e are attributed to municipally-owned facilities and fleet, which is 78% of the total emissions. Contracted services account for 309 tonnes of CO 2 e, or 22%. Similar to the 2008 inventory, the contractor information for 2009 may not be 100% complete and may be amended as better information is collected. Figure 7 illustrates the Traditional Services breakdown, and Figure 8 illustrates the Contracted Service breakdown. Traditional Services (% of total emissions) 31% 7% 0% 9% 5% 14% 18% 17% Admin and Governance Wastewater Roads and Transportation Fire Water Solid Waste Arts, Rec, Parks and Cultural Not Selected Figure 7 - Total Emissions by Traditional Services (2009) Contracted/Municipal (% of total emissions) 0% 22% 78% Contracted Municipal Not Selected Figure 8 - Total Emissions by Contracted Services (2009) The Pembina Institute 17 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

31 CO2e Corporate Energy Inventory 3.3 Comparing the 2008 and 2009 Inventories Part of the utility of completing annual inventories is the ability to compare the change in energy use, cost of GHG emissions over time. Since Campbell River is committed to carbon neutrality (i.e. net corporate emissions of zero), ideally, Campbell River s emissions will decline year after year. There are a variety of factors that can affect emissions from year to year. Some examples of factors that can cause fluctuation are factors such as weather (e.g., unusual temperatures or precipitation), population growth or decline, and adding or removing facilities. Therefore, it is normal to see some fluctuation in energy use, cost and emissions from year to year. It is recommended to complete a minimum of five annual inventories before identifying a trend in the change of total energy use, cost or GHG emissions. However, it can be interesting to compare two inventories to track how emissions have changed from year to year. Overall, total emissions have decreased from 2008 to 2009 by approximately 7%. Emissions from buildings decreased by approximately 9% and emissions from the fleet decreased by approximately 6% between 2008 and Total GHG Emissions and Buildings Fleet Figure 9 - Total GHG Emissions and 2009 Figure 10 below illustrates how GHG emissions (by energy type) have changed. Electricity consumption has declined by 2%, natural gas and propane for heating has declined by 13%, and fleet fuel consumption has declined by 6%. The Pembina Institute 18 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

32 CO2e Corporate Energy Inventory Total GHG Emissions by Energy Type and Power and Heat (Electricity) Heat (Natural Gas, Propane, Fuel Oil) Fleet (All vehicle fuel) Figure 10 - Total GHG Emissions by Energy Type and 2009 Figure 11 illustrates the change in emissions from 2008 to 2009 by Traditional Service. It is important to note that the Traditional Services are a reflection of the inventory scope as defined by the Ministry of Community and Rural Development; it does not align perfectly with Campbell River s internal departments. 500 Total GHG Emissions by Traditional Services and Admin and Governance Water Wastewater Solid Waste Roads and Arts, Rec, Parks Transportation and Culture Fire Figure 11 - Total GHG Emissions by Traditional Services and 2009 The Pembina Institute 19 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

33 Corporate Energy Inventory Emissions have declined from 2008 to 2009 in Administration and Governance (32% decline); Wastewater (6% decline); Roads and Transportation (11% decline); Arts, Rec, Parks and Culture (7% decline); and Fire (2% decline). Conversely, emissions have increased in two Traditional Services: Water (1% increase) and Solid Waste (10% increase). 4 As mentioned previously, there are a variety of reasons why there would be a decline in emissions from 2008 to The Green Roof project that was installed on City Hall in 2009 could potentially account for a decline in electricity costs during A decline in electricity consumption would not explain a large decline in overall GHG emissions. Therefore, external factors such as extreme weather, including heavy snowfall in 2008, could account for the decline in emissions. 4 The 2008 and 2009 inventories include the contribution of emissions from sewer and water services provided to neighbouring First Nations and to the Regional District. These services provided account for about approximately 7% of total emissions for sewer and water. It will be important to negotiate with the Regional District to determine how these emissions will be reported to the province. First Nations communities are not required to report emissions to the province. The Pembina Institute 20 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

34 Action Planning 4. Action Planning The second step in achieving carbon neutrality is to reduce total GHG emissions as much as possible by identifying and implementing emissions reduction projects and strategies. During the Cool Tool workshop series, Campbell River staff brainstormed a list of planned and potential emission reduction actions for corporate-level emissions. Staff from the Corporate Green Team; General Managers from Operations, Finance, and Facilities and Supply Management; and staff from the Sustainability Department, Transportation, Utilities, Fleet, and Facilities were involved in creating this plan. For these actions, we identified those that have a measurable GHG reduction potential and have provided some high level estimates of the potential for these emission reductions. These estimates were used to assist in the target setting exercise during Cool Tool Workshop 3 (See Chapter 6). Please see the list below for the list of brainstormed emission reduction activities. The ideas listed here have not been evaluated or prioritized. Chapter 7 will outline the recommended next steps for these activities. 4.1 Buildings and other Infrastructure The ideas brainstormed here are potential opportunities to reduce the electricity and natural gas needed to heat and power Campbell River s municipal buildings. Table 3 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Buildings and Other Infrastructure) Buildings and other Infrastructure (Electricity and Natural Gas) Implement BC Hydro Energy Audits and Energy Efficiency Retrofits all municipal buildings (e.g., lighting upgrades and HVAC optimizations) Optimize UV dose in water treatment Optimize water stations to reduce pumping and water consumption (e.g., use gravity) Install pressure reducing valves for water system Use turbines to produce electricity to run water turbines rather than the grid Install a biodiesel generator in the water system Install remote monitoring for utilities and sewer system Reduce air-conditioning use through system optimization (i.e., HVAC programming) and behaviour change The Pembina Institute 21 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

35 Action Planning Evaluate the potential life-cycle costs of using battery powered hand tools Upgrade the Norm Woods Environmental centre blowers Implement a LEED standard for replacement or new construction of municipal facilities Install motion detectors for lighting at the Firehall Improve energy efficiency in all buildings through behaviour change strategies Install Illuminex lighting for street lighting Investigate the potential of a community-wide kitchen waste collection to reduce waste vehicle emissions Investigate switching back to heating the Firehalls with electricity instead of natural gas 4.2 Fleet and Machinery (Gasoline and Diesel) The ideas brainstormed here are potential opportunities to reduce gasoline and diesel consumption in Campbell River s fleet and in Campbell River s machinery. Table 4 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Fleet and Machinery) Fleet and Machinery (Gasoline and Diesel) Begin route and trip planning (potentially with the use of GPS) with maintenance and road crews Investigate the use of anti-idling devices for automatic vehicle shut-down Optimize routes for delivery of supplies Develop a municipal vehicle-use policy Continue fleet upgrade policy to transition fleet to electric vehicles and install electric vehicle docking stations Use ethanol blend gasoline in fleet vehicles Use biodiesel in fleet vehicles (up to B10 B20) Require that municipal contractors use a minimum of 5% biodiesel blend in diesel vehicles Implement a biodiesel station in town for municipal use Use split trucks for waste and recycling collection Optimize scheduling of waste collection for reduced trip length and reduced number of trips Install aftermarket diesel DPF filters 4.3 Energy Generation The ideas brainstormed here are potential opportunities for alternative energy generation in Campbell River. The Pembina Institute 22 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

36 Action Planning Table 5 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Energy Generation) Energy Generation Investigate the potential for a district energy system Prioritize municipal buildings for alternative energy generation (i.e., identify the municipal building with the most potential) Investigate alternative heat generation technologies (i.e., geoexchange or air source heat pumps) Install a building-scale wind turbine on a municipal facility Install solar lighting on street lights 4.4 Purchasing Policies The ideas brainstormed here are potential ideas for new purchasing policies in Campbell River. These ideas will not necessarily reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases in the corporate inventory. However, these ideas may have other positive effects such as local economic development. Table 6 - Potential Reduction Opportunities (Purchasing Policies) Purchasing Policies Implement the wood first policy to favour local wood Implement a local food policy for municipal food for City-run events The Pembina Institute 23 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

37 Carbon Neutrality and Offsets 5. Carbon Neutrality and Offsets Carbon neutrality means reducing total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to zero. Being carbon neutral involves four things: 1) Completing annual GHG inventories to measure Campbell River s total annual corporate emissions, 2) Reducing emissions from Campbell River s own operations as much as possible through strategic actions, 3) Purchasing offsets for the emissions remaining after implementing reduction actions, and 4) Reporting both the total annual emissions and offset purchases to the provincial government. Chapter 3 outlined Campbell River s plan to complete the annual inventories, and Chapter 4 outlined the potential opportunities for reducing Campbell River s emissions through strategic actions. This Chapter will outline the options for purchasing offsets to achieve carbon neutrality. 5.1 What is an Offset? A carbon offset is a market-based mechanism for putting a price on a tonne of GHG emissions. Any project that meets qualifying criteria that has the ability to reduce GHG emissions can sell this reduction to governments, businesses, or individuals that are not able to reduce their own emissions. By paying for the offset, the purchaser has the right to count the emissions reduction made by the project as though they had made the reduction themselves. The offset project is made viable by the offset purchase. The Pacific Carbon Trust (PCT) is a provincial crown corporation that has been established to acquire high quality carbon offsets (i.e., projects that are proven to reduce emissions) to help the public sector become carbon neutral by All offsets that are purchased by the PCT must be compliant with the BC Emission Offsets Regulation, which is based on the ISO standard. Individuals, businesses and local governments can also purchase offsets from the Pacific Carbon Trust, but are not be required to do so. Currently, offsets cost $25 per tonne through the PCT. The Pembina Institute 24 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

38 Carbon Neutrality and Offsets Local governments will also be able to purchase offsets from the Pacific Carbon Trust, but will not be required to do so. No matter where a local government buys offsets from, it is important to ensure that the offsets are high quality. 5.2 Achieving Carbon Neutrality by Purchasing Offsets Campbell River is committed to be carbon neutral by This means that Campbell River will need to reduce its total emissions to zero, or, purchase offsets to reduce the total emissions to zero. Ideally, Campbell River would achieve carbon neutrality by implementing emission reduction opportunities alone. However, at least initially, Campbell River will likely have to purchase offsets to achieve carbon neutrality. Over time, emissions reduction opportunities will continue to be identified, so that Campbell River s reliance on offsets will decrease. Figure 12 illustrates Campbell River s projected emissions in ,800 Total Projected Emissions ,600 1,400 1,200 1, Total Emissions Figure 12 - Total Projected Emissions If no emissions reduction actions are implemented between now and 2012, Campbell River will be required to offset approximately 1,500 tonnes of CO 2 e in Assuming a $25 per tonne price of carbon offsets, Campbell River s offset liability in 2012 will be approximately $37,500. Campbell River will be required to purchase offsets every year after 2012 to achieve carbon neutrality. The price-per-tonne to purchase a carbon offset is uncertain, and it is possible that the price will increase over time to be much higher than $25 per tonne. 5 This projection assumes that Campbell River s corporate emissions will grow at the same rate as population growth in Campbell River. According to Statistics Canada, Campbell River s population grew by almost 1% per year (0.92%). The actual growth in emissions may be faster or slower. The Pembina Institute 25 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

39 Carbon Neutrality and Offsets Any successfully-implemented emissions reduction actions will reduce Campbell River s offset liability. As will be described in more detail in Chapter 5, Campbell River has identified enough planned reduction opportunities to reduce this offset liability by approximately 7% by If all of these reduction projects are successfully implemented, this will mean that Campbell River s offset liability will be reduced by approximately 150 tonnes, saving Campbell River almost $4,000 in offset purchases per year. Additionally, by investing in emissions reduction activities locally, rather than purchasing offsets, Campbell River is keeping this investment in the community. 5.3 Selling Offsets Given that in an offset trading-system the reduction of a carbon emission has a monetary value, some local governments in B.C. have started to consider the possibility of selling carbon offsets as a source of revenue. This is technically a possibility in B.C.; however, there are several key considerations that need to be taken into account: 1. Local governments that have committed to carbon neutrality in their operations cannot claim offset projects related to their operations and sell the reductions to the PCT. If a local government were to sell the emissions reductions from a project that reduced emissions from corporate operations, the local government could no longer claim that reduction in their own inventory. This means that their own corporate emissions inventory would increase by the same amount as the carbon offsets sold. To achieve carbon neutrality, the local government would then need to turn around and purchase offsets to reduce their own emissions to zero. Financially, this would likely cost the local government more than if they had just counted their own emissions reductions. 2. Verification of offsets is very time consuming and expensive. If a local government were to develop an offset project, in order to sell the offsets either on the voluntary market or to the PCT, the project would need to be verified by a third-party evaluator. This process is time consuming and expensive and likely would make any project financially non-viable. 3. By selling an offset, Campbell River would take on the liability for ensuring the offset is reducing the claimed emissions reductions. Given that Campbell River has committed to carbon neutrality, at least in the short-term, financially it makes most sense for Campbell River to focus its resources on reducing its own emissions rather than developing offset projects to sell. The Pembina Institute 26 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

40 Corporate Target Setting 6. Corporate Target Setting The Climate Action Charter is a voluntary charter that was initiated in Campbell River is a signatory of the charter, and is therefore required to be carbon neutral in its municipal operations by 2012, to measure and report on their community s emissions, and to work toward creating more compact, complete, energy efficient communities. Carbon neutrality means reducing Campbell River s net corporate emissions to zero. This will be achieved by implementing emissions reduction activities to reduce actual emissions, and then purchasing offsets for emissions that Campbell River is unable to reduce. Although Campbell River s official target is to be carbon neutral (i.e., emissions reduced to zero), setting internal targets helps ensure that corporate emissions are on a downward trajectory, and helps measure progress in minimizing emissions (and offset purchases) as much as possible. City of Campbell River staff from Operations, Facilities and Supply Management and the Finance Division participated in a workshop to identify realistic targets for reducing emissions at the corporate scale. Example actions were quantified based on Campbell River s 2008 inventory to identify the order of magnitude reductions that could be expected. Please see Appendix 3 Action Planning Assumptions for the assumptions underlying these estimates. Campbell River s 2008 inventory will be used as the baseline year to measure progress in reducing emissions and the progress to meet the reduction targets. Figure 13 illustrates the potential reductions that could be expected from key actions. The example actions are not intended to imply that these actions have been prioritized as the actions to implement. Instead, the examples are simply illustrative of the order-of-magnitude reductions that could be expected from certain kinds of actions. The Pembina Institute 27 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

41 Corporate Target Setting 1,800 1,600 Potential Reduction Opportunities, Norm Wood Blowers upgrade 1,400 Diesel Vehicles to B5 1,200 1, Anti idling policy and driver training Adaptive Street Lighting (full potential) Solar Hot Water Installation (Sportplex, Firehall No 1, RCMP Station) Comprehensive Energy Retrofit (Sportplex, Enterprise Center; City Hall) Total Emissions Figure 13 - Potential Reduction Opportunities, If all actions identified in Figure 13 were implemented, Campbell River could expect to see a 7% reduction in corporate emissions from 2008 to This assumes that Campbell River s emissions grow by approximately 0.9% per year, which is equal to the city s growth rate from the last census. This growth assumption does not take into account unpredictable events such as extreme weather events or the unscheduled destruction of a facility. It is also important to consider the medium-and-long-term timeframe when setting targets. Figure 14 illustrates the reduction potential if all activities identified were implemented on a longer timeframe out to 2020 instead of Again, this list does not imply that these activities have been prioritized. Instead, this simply illustrates the order-of-magnitude reductions that could expect from certain kinds of activities. If all reduction opportunities were implemented by 2020, Campbell River could expect to see a 24% reduction in emissions from 2008 levels. The Pembina Institute 28 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

42 Corporate Target Setting 1,800 Potential Reduction Opportunities, Community Centre heated by geo-exchange 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 Lighting and Efficiency upgrades to 14 City Facilities Convert all passenger vehicles to electric Convert all diesel vehicles to B20 Norm Wood blowers upgrade 800 Anti idling policy and driver training Adaptive Street Lighting (full potential) Solar Hot Water Installation (Sportplex, Firehall No 1, RCMP Station, City Hall, Centenial Pool) Comprehensive Energy Retrofit (Sportplex, Enterprise Center; City Hall) Figure 14 - Potential Reduction Opportunities, The intended outcome of the Corporate Target Setting Workshop was to identify internal emissions reduction targets at the corporate scale. The targets for Campbell River agreed upon at the workshop are as follows: 10% reduction in emissions below 2008 levels by % reduction in GHG emissions below 2008 levels by % reduction in GHG emissions below 2008 levels by 2050 Campbell River is confident that it will be possible to identify enough additional reduction opportunities to achieve these targets. The targets are aggressive, but achievable. To our knowledge, the corporate targets that Campbell River has selected are amongst the most aggressive municipal targets in the province. The Pembina Institute 29 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

43 Recommendations 7. Recommendations This report provides a number of recommendations to consider for adoption by Council. 1. Adopt the following GHG reduction target for Campbell River s corporate operations Year Target % reduction below 2008 levels % reduction below 2008 levels % reduction below 2008 levels In order to work towards achieving these targets, it is recommended that Campbell River: 2. Annually track and report on greenhouse gas emissions and initiatives to move toward carbon neutrality as required by the B.C. Climate Action Charter. We recommend that: a. The annual GHG inventory is presented to all departments each year, and that each department has the opportunity to brainstorm and give input on new reduction opportunities. b. Progress towards meeting Campbell River s targets is communicated effectively to staff and council, and that successes and challenges are communicated appropriately to all stakeholders. Emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2040 should be set by c. Campbell River coordinate with surrounding municipalities, First Nations communities, and Regional Districts to identify regional reduction opportunities, and also to negotiate how shared emissions will be reported to the province. 3. Use the Climate Action Revenue Incentive Program rebate money to establish an emissions reduction fund for municipal projects. Campbell River should explore the possibility of expanding this fund to create a stable source of funding for emission reduction activities beyond the CARIP funding. 4. Annually review, prioritize and (when feasible) implement the energy and emissions reduction actions identified in Chapter 4 as well as any new ideas identified by staff and Council. 5. Continue to implement the opportunities identified during the Green Building B.C. Opportunities assessment of Campbell River s buildings. Comprehensive energy efficiency retrofits are in the process of being implemented in the Sportsplex, City Hall and the The Pembina Institute 30 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

44 Recommendations Enterprise Centre. Campbell River should prioritize the remaining opportunities for all buildings, and should continue to implement the identified retrofit opportunities. 6. Implement a Green Building Policy for new municipal facilities. Campbell River may want to explore the opportunity to require that all new buildings meet at least LEED Gold or an alternate green building standard. 7. Identify opportunities for alternative energy sources in Campbell River s new and existing municipal facilities. This will build on the work Campbell River has done identifying the opportunity for solar hot water in municipal facilities. Other technologies Campbell River could consider are, for example, geo-exchange, heat recovery, biomass, tidal, and wind. 8. Develop Campbell River s Green Vehicle Policy. This policy should include: a. Incorporating GHGs into vehicle purchasing decisions, b. Investigating the opportunity to use cleaner fuels in Campbell River s fleet and machinery, including moving toward B10 or B20 biodiesel and electric vehicles as these options become viable, c. Re-evaluating the anti-idling program for municipal vehicles to increase effectiveness and participation, d. Implementing programs and technology for driver-training and trip-planning. 9. Create an offset purchasing policy. This policy would guide the eventual purchase of offsets to ensure that Campbell River is purchasing the highest-quality qualifying offsets. 10. Update the City s environmental purchasing policy to ensure that GHG are considered for all purchases made by the City. 11. Engage city staff in day-to-day reduction opportunities. In particular, we recommend: a. Implementing a staff-focused conservation program to identify behaviour-change opportunities, led by the City s Green Team. b. Conducting a staff survey to identify staff commuting habits and to encourage carpooling and active modes of transportation. The Pembina Institute 31 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

45 Appendices 8. Appendices 8.1 Appendix 1 Completing an Annual Cool Tool Inventory The Cool Tool is an excel-based inventory tool designed specifically for B.C. municipalities to assist in completing annual GHG inventories. The information below is intended as a reference to assist in completing the inventories Information Required to Input into the Cool Tool Required Data Electricity Electricity use (kwh) Heat Fuel use (GJ, litres, m3) Fleet Fuel use (litres) Recommended Sources of Information Monthly electricity bills, e.g. BC Hydro or Fortis BC billing Monthly heating bills, e.g. Terasen gas or fuel provider billing Gas bills and records, e.g. Gas station receipts, fuel account records. Travel Kilometres traveled (km) Travel records, receipts, vouchers British Columbia Inventory Boundaries Traditional Services: Administration and Governance Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Drinking, Storm and Waste water Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Solid Waste Collection, Transportation and Diversion Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Roads and Traffic Operations Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Arts, Recreation, Parks and Cultural Services Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery Fire Protection Buildings and other structures Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery * A municipal corporate inventory must include contracted services and emissions from coowned facilities. Local governments are required to report their percentage of ownership, and then are responsible to include that percentage of energy-use and emissions in the inventory. * A municipal corporate inventory must include all services that fall within the six Traditional Services categories that are owned and operated by the municipal government, all contractors, and subsidiaries. * This tool allows for additional entries outside the provincially defined scope. There is a travel category to include employee business travel (by land, air or water). There is also a miscellaneous category to include other activities outside the provincial scope such as paper use. The Pembina Institute 32 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

46 Appendices About the Tool Enable Your Macros You must enable Excel macros to use this tool effectively. To do this, click on 'Tools' --> 'Macro' --> 'Security'. Then select the 'Medium' setting. Excel needs to start up in this mode so please close down all Excel applications and re-open (with Security set to 'Medium') What this Tool Will Do The tool will quantify greenhouse gas emissions resulting from electricity use, heat generation, employee business travel, and other emissions sources as specified on the Miscellaneous tab. Users that have quantified GHG emissions from other sources have the option of adding in these amounts under 'Miscellaneous', and these GHG emissions will then be included in the Emissions Summary Navigating the Tool Be sure you've collected all of the necessary data as explained in section 1.0 above. You will create a new inventory for each year using the 'Navigation' tab of this worksheet. You may not be able to see this tab yet, as it will only be activated once you have fully read this sheet to the end. There are grey macro-enabled buttons throughout the tool. The functions of these buttons are listed on them and can be clicked on to enable the desired function. Once you create a new inventory a tab will be created with the inventory year as its name. This tab is used for data entry and for displaying summary charts for that particular year. The 'Historical' tab is where current and past inventory data is stored. This tab allows you to view trends in GHG emissions, energy use and cost over time. Be sure to select your base year at the top and click on the 'Update Charts' button Entering Your Data As mentioned above, once you create a new inventory a tab will be created with the inventory year as its name. At the top of this sheet be sure to enter your name and contact information as well as the start month and end month of the inventory. The next section to fill in is the electricity grid emission factor. This box is dynamic and is attached to only one year's inventory. This was done so that the tool is very flexible over time since electricity emissions factors change from year to year. A good source for this factor is BC Hydro or Environment Canada. Make sure that the electricity emissions factor is consistent with the BC Climate Action Secretariat for reporting purposes. The BC Climate Action Secretariat currently is using the BC Hydro electricity emissions factor. The charts and summary tables you will see should be blank, as there is no data entered yet. Enter your data into the following categories into the tool: Buildings (includes facilities and infrastructure), Fleet Vehicles, Travel-Air, Travel-Road, Travel-Water and Miscellaneous. The Pembina Institute 33 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

47 Appendices Buildings and Fleet vehicles are required to be reported to the province, while the travel and miscellaneous sections are optional. Example data is shown in the grey cells at the top of each data entry chart. Enter your data into the white cells below this. Use the drop-down menus to select the units or type of data entered. As you enter data the graphs and summary tables will begin to populate. Once complete, take a look at your annual summary charts to see where your city's emissions are the greatest. The 'Factors' tab lists all of the data sources used in the tool (as described in 3.5 below). The 'Conversions' tab can be helpful if you want to convert your data from one unit to another. Play around with it and see if it might be useful to you! Data Sources The GHG emission factors used in this tool have been collected from publicly available sources. They come from a combination of sources including Environment Canada's National Inventory Report , GHG Protocol for transportation and refrigerants and Corinair's Emission Inventory Guidebook These GHG factors can be viewed on the 'Factors' worksheet for interested parties. All calculations will reference factors on the Factors worksheet EXCEPT the BC electricity factor. This must be entered on each annual inventory sheet. The updated BC Hydro electricity factor can be obtained online from BC Hydro at: N16_2.html Definitions GHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions LPG Liquid Petroleum Gases GNG Compressed Natural Gas Heavy Fuel Oil obtained from petroleum distillation and sometimes known as residual fuel oil Light Fuel Oil obtained from petroleum distillation and sometimes known as distillate fuel oils kwh kilowatt hour l Litre tonnes CO 2 e tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent GJ Gigajoules The Pembina Institute 34 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

48 Appendices Pembina Operational Recommendations Make backup copies of this file regularly. Should this file be corrupted, all of the information you've entered will be lost including for previous years data entered. If multiple copies are on file, you will only need to restore most recent data. Photocopies or digital copies of bills and records should be kept on file by the administrator of this program for your municipality. The purpose of which is to have hard copies available when needed. Print these on recycled paper. The Pembina Institute 35 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

49 Appendices 8.2 Appendix 2 Ministry of Community Development Carbon Neutral Scope The Pembina Institute 36 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan

50 Appendices The Pembina Institute 37 The City of Campbell River Carbon Neutral Plan