Kanpur Comprehensive Water Management Plan

Transcription

1 Kanpur Comprehensive Water Management Plan Rohini Athavale Paribesh Pradhan Christie Walker June 17, 2016

2 Upper Ganga Basin Zone 1: Livelihoods based on culture, religion, entertainment, and adventure tourism Mountainous sub-stretch. Hydropower dams. Zone 2: Reference Zone, relatively unaffected Zone 3: Livelihoods due to fishery and riverbed farming (suffering due to low flow levels) Pressures: water abstraction (dams) Zone 4: Livelihoods: culture/religious activities riverbed farming Pressures: reduced flows and deteriorated water quality/pollution

3 Zone 4 Details City of Kanpur Population 2.7 mi(city) 4.5 mi(rural) Land Use 23% 17% N 60% Urban Rural Others Intense Anthropogenic Activity Paper Pulp, Textile Industries, Distillery Industries 78% Hindu River Rating C to E Low flows, high pollution, decreasing livelihoods Google Earth

4 Comprehensive Water Management Plan for Kanpur What is it? A plan that will allow for Kanpur to integrate and sustainably manage water resources (water quantity/quality, water systems, and environmental flows) projected to Why? Influential stakeholders are highly interested in a path towards greater sustainability and resilience in the region. Objective? Provide sufficient water to the people of Kanpur in a manner that provides a balanced triple bottom line by preserving the health of environment, social well-being of the society, and promoting economic prosperity.

5 Assessment 1 Water Quality & Quantity Major pollution loads by Ramganga & Kali River tributaries Wastewater and agricultural runoffs major nutrient loads Major problem with low flow (December to May) Not enough maintenance flow (class C) WWF report 2012

6 Need adequate/clean water for religious activities, drinking, irrigation, industry, maintaining biodiversity Current Practices : Mismanagement, wastage, inefficient use of water Toxic substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, nitrogen, phosphates 2 mg/l DO (Zone 1: 12 mg/l) 9 mg/l BOD (Zone 1: 0 mg/l) 1000 MPN/100 ml Fecal Coliform (Zone 1: <50 ) Class D Stakeholders Farmers, Fishermen, Religious Pilgrims, The Public, Industry, Government Authorities

7 Assessment 2 Drinking and Wastewater Systems Existing systems: barrage for drinking water needs 20 l per-person/day (minimum) CM/day Limited/no wastewater treatment plant Stakeholders Government Authorities, Municipalities, NGOs, Industry, Research Institutes

8 Assessment 3 Environmental Flows Seasonal variability (Dry season & Monsoon season) January (reference year) August (reference year) Flow (m3/s), Depth (m), Velocity (m/s) Biodiversity 330, 3.5, , 6.7, 1.7 Fluvial Geomorphology 330, 3.5, ,6.7, 1.7 Cultural/Spiritual 99, 1m at bottom step, , 6.1, 1.2 Livelihoods 330, 3.81, , 6.13, 1.51 Stakeholders Government Agencies, NGOs, Industry, Research Institutes, Religious Pilgrims

9 Future Projections Population of Kanpur and the whole Ganga basin is increasing Sector 2010 (year) 2050 (year) Irrigation Drinking Water Industry Energy Other TOTAL (billion cubic meter) Climate Change Glacier melt (11.5%) will change dry season flows Change in monsoon patterns/intensities 10% increase in the runoffs Need to design new systems to be able to accommodate future needs Lutz et. al 2014

10 Management Options Kanpur is highly affected by upstream users and it also highly affects downstream users Establish a core team from each Zone in the Upper Ganga for engaging, negotiating, and enforcing the sustainable quality and quantity of water in the Ganga. Responsible for meeting and reevaluating environmental flows and management practices yearly. Collaboration Economics & Finances Closed Loop Systems Enabling Conditions Integration Green Infrastructure Built Environment Flexible and Adaptive

11 Management Features for 21 st Century Multifunctional Interdisciplinary Distributed Integrated Systemic Restorative Adaptive Connected

12 Concrete Plans for Ganga Kanpur (City) Install district wide WWTP to reduce nutrient load into Ganga Refeed treated water Collection of sludge as fertilizer Separate Industry effluent treatment Enforce riparian barriers along river to force government to acknowledge waste Trash skimmer machines Aeration (O 2 ) Implement efficient cremation practices Kanpur (Rural) Return to natural/ alternative crop systems Irrigation improvements drip and sprinkle systems Incorporate natural fertilizers/compost (recycled sludge) Precision Agriculture

13 Implementation Strategy (City) Construction and bring to operation 1 WWTP per district WWTP/ sludge treatment plant located on the bank Around 150 industry units- grouped groups are enforced to treat the effluent (reduce cost of treatment), groups could be given tax benefits Buffer zone creation & relocation of current inhabitants Trash skimmer Solid wastes are collected are treated along with he sludge treatment plants Public demonstrations (by NGOs) O 2 bubblers (expensive option) Electric furnaces for cremation on Ghats Capture rainfall (rooftop runoffs) to reduce urban demands

14 Implementation Strategy (Rural) Capacity building and Awareness among farmers about sustainable use of water and nutrients farming practices Alternative crops Efficient Irrigation systems (subsidized equipment) Involvement of NGOs/institutes for training Compost based fertilizers from sludge treatment at cheap prices Organic agriculture for western market (priority in certification process of farm-products)

15 Are the objectives being achieved? Monitor for water quality at designated locations to verify changes in BOD, oxygen, pollutant levels, etc. Monitor environmental flow indicators set by government authorities and research institutions at designated locations to verify whether set flow targets continue to be adequate. Refine flow targets based on indicator results and stakeholder inputs.

16 Feasibility of the plan Technical feasibility Basic technologies practiced worldwide Technical Support from research institutes Financial feasibility Revenue collection ( as low as 3% from income-tax) Tax Industry for not following norms set by the government

17 Thank you!