IEEP activities on resource efficiency and resource use

Transcription

1 IEEP activities on resource efficiency and resource use Bogdan ATANASIU

2 About IEEP IEEP is an independent, not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination Interdisciplinary staff in several European countries Headquarter in London + office in Brussels OUR AIM: to raise awareness of European environmental policy and to advance policy-making along sustainable paths OUR WORK: research and consultancy on the development, implementation and evaluation of environmental and environment-related policies in Europe OUR PARTNERS: a wide range of policy actors from international agencies and the EU institutions to national government departments, NGOs and academics 2

3 The interaction between economic and natural systems Source: UNEP International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management 3

4 The interaction between economic and natural systems Source: UNEP International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management 4

5 Impact of the resource use Impacts due to resource use: Depletion of abiotic resources (fossil energy carriers, metals) Depletion of biotic resources and degradation of the functioning of natural systems (i.e. depletion ecosystem services: fish, wood, water purification, pollination etc.) Habitat change and resource competition (water and land use) Impacts due to the related emissions: Climate change (GHG emissions) Eutrophication (over-fertilization) Human and eco-toxic effects (urban and regional air pollution, indoor air pollution, other toxic emissions) 5

6 Resource efficiency Economic activity Resource productivity Resource use Resource / Eco efficiency Resource use impact Environmental impact [time] Source: EC JRC 6

7 Resource use / life cycle Emissions Climate change, acidification, summer smog, human health impact, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, soil & water pollution, radioactive releases etc Fuel extraction (oil, coal, gas) Raw material 1 extraction Raw material 2 extraction Raw material 3 extraction.. Production of energy Production of intermediates Production of parts.. Production of final products End-use/service provision Re-use and recycling Energy recovery Waste disposal Land filling Resource depletion Materials and primary energy consumption, land use Life-cycle phases: Production phase Use phase End-of-life phase 7

8 State of play Worldwide: - 4 fold growth in population - 40 times increase in economic output - 16 times increase of fossil fuel use - 35 times increase of fishing catches - 9 times increase in water use Europe alone: - 16 tonnes of materials per capita/year, - more than 20 % of them being imported (mainly fuel, raw materials and agricultural products). 8

9 Resource efficiency in the EU Policy European Union: EU 2020 Strategy & Resource efficient Europe flagship initiative Sustainable development strategy Significant legislation on waste management, air pollution, climate change, renewable energy, energy efficiency, conservation & sustainable use of biodiversity / biodiversity resources etc. Other international initiatives: UNEP's Green New Deal & Green Economy Initiative OECD work on Green Growth 9

10 IEEP Programmes & Topics Waste, Chemicals, Resource Use Agriculture, Land management Industrial Pollution Water, Marine Fisheries Governance Environmental Economics Biodiversity Energy Climate Change 10

11 Resource Use, Waste & Chemicals consistent projects portfolio on natural resources and waste undertaking research into natural resource use contributing to the development and assessment of EU waste legislation and policy, tracking and advising on the development of chemicals policies. Five-step waste hierarchy in the EU Directive 2008/98/EC (Zunft and Fröhlig, 2009) 11

12 Waste Legislation and Policy (1) Review of the EU Waste Thematic Strategy (IEEP leader) EU Commission study in the review of the Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste. Construction and demolition waste in the EU (IEEP partner) specify requirements resulting from EU waste legislation regarding construction and demolition (C&D) waste by establishing operational definitions of crucial concepts, performing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the status quo of C&D waste, and establishing a scenario for Plastic waste in the EU (IEEP partner) aims to gather and analyse available data and information on plastics and plastic waste, current management options, and the related environmental and health risks.

13 Waste Legislation and Policy (2) Implementation of EU waste legislation (IEEP partner) background analysis for the EU Commission on the implementation of 7 EC Waste Directives (deficiency and success) in MSs during IEEP drafted the reports on the Landfill and Packaging Waste, and Sewage Sludge Directives. Coherence of EU waste legislation (IEEP leader) study for DG Environment (2008) on the coherence of the EU recycling Directives. This included analysing terminology, common issues between the Directives, the scope of the Directives, provisions for review and comitology, analysing the overlaps and gaps. Practicability and enforceability of the recast WEEE (IEEP leader) report for IMPEL summarising and analysing information on the practicability and enforceability issues arising from the proposal for a recast of the WEEE Directive. 13

14 Natural Resource use Review of the EU Natural Resources Thematic Strategy (IEEP partner) study aims to assess progress towards meeting the objectives of the Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, estimating future trends and proposing new measures or the strengthening of existing measures. 14

15 Industrial Pollution Pollution control policy (IPPC Directive) Regulatory Structures and Approaches Air Quality (Air Quality framework Directive) 15

16 Pollution Control Policy Monitoring of Permitting Progress for Existing IPPC Installations report for DG Environment on the progress of MSs in issuing permits to IPPC installations. It has helped to identify Member States which have exhibited poor performance in implementation. Simple is better, effective regulation for a more competitive Europe: The 1996 IPPC Directive report on the administrative burdens of IPPC implementation, contributing to the better regulation debate within the MSs and at EU level. 16

17 Climate Change and Energy: EU 2020 targets EU GHG: 20% reduction Renewable Energy: 20% renewable energy in final gross energy consumption Renewable in transport: 10% renewable energy in transport Energy Efficiency: 20% less energy than BaU EU final energy consumption in % -20% energy efficiency target 80% renewable energy target 20% BaU 2020 Target

18 Climate Change and Energy Mitigation Adaptation Energy Transport Sustainable Land Use Climate Change and the EU Budget Training and Capacity Building 18

19 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Implementation of mitigation legislation in EU Member States review (for ECF) of the prospects for implementation of the 2009 EU climate and energy or CARE package in the 27 EU Member States. Overview of timing, form of transposition, effectiveness of the policies and the ability of MSs to reach the goals outlined in the package, such as non-ets (EU Emissions Trading System) measures and progress on renewable energy. Counting the cost of adaptation ongoing work for DG CLIMA to support the capacity of governments to account for adaptation related expenditure, to help to strengthen the knowledge base on adaptation which the EU White Paper recognised as weak and fragmented. 19

20 Bio-energy Extensive experience on delivering sustainable bio-energy - delivery of the sustainability criteria set out in the Renewable Energy Directive; complex problem requiring the consideration of many factors: farming and forestry, environmental protection, scenarios for energy production. A whole systems approach to bio-energy demand and supply - project for UK NERC to take a whole systems approach to analysing bioenergy demand and supply in the UK - to examine the problems and barriers to adoption of bio-energy crops, developing ways to communicate sustainability issues to stakeholders and providing policy support to the wider group of academics involved. Biomass futures (IEE project) - explore how sustainable bio-energy solutions can best be supported by policy in Europe. Within the study we are looking at demand and supply dynamics from a stakeholder perspective. 20

21 Transport emissions CO2 Strategy for Passenger Cars. EU Commission study providing guidelines for monitoring data, as well as a template and database for the collection and collation of Member State data on the emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars. Business Impact Assessment EU Commission study on a business impact assessment of measures to reduce CO2 from passenger cars. Study on consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions of new passenger cars EU parliament study examining the implementation of Directive 1999/94/EC relating to availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions with respect to the marketing of new passenger cars. 21

22 Climate Change and the EU budget IEEP facilitates training and capacity building on climate change with a broad range of decision makers, stakeholders, Member States and NGOs. Climate proofing the EU budget Assisting successive generations of EU Parliamentarians Advisory services for UK s statutory bodies for nature and landscape conservation 22

23 Biodiversity Valuing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Financing Biodiversity Invasive Alien Species Sustainable Land Use Biodiversity and Climate Change Nature Conservation Policy and its Implementation focusing on: key issues such as the socio-economic benefits of ecosystems services (e.g. cost-savings of investing in / restoring ecosystem services, see Env. Econ. later) implementation and financing of EU biodiversity conservation measures measures to support the adaptation of biodiversity to climate change. 23

24 Main projects Provision of Evidence of the Conservation Impacts of Energy Production report on potential impacts of the key UK energy technologies and scenarios for the UK energy mix for 2020 and Assessing Member States progress in implementing the EU Biodiversity Action Plan - support for the EC Commission s mid-term assessment, together with the development of a knowledge base system to monitor future progress. - ongoing work to produce guidance for the Commission on the assessment and mitigation of developments that have impacts on the overall coherence of the Natura 2000 network. 24

25 Agriculture & Land management Future of the CAP ( Public Goods and Agriculture High Nature Value Farming Sustainable Land Use Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Measures 25

26 Main projects Land degradation in Europe EU Parliament study on land degradation in Europe, its extent, consequences and possible policy solutions. Conserving Europe s Soils contributor to the major EU Commission SoCo initiative, looking at Soil Conservation within agricultural systems. series of case studies on soil degradation challenges associated with farming across Europe, and identified possible technological and policy solutions. 26

27 Water, Marine and Fisheries Water Policy (Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy Framework Directive) Fisheries and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) 27

28 Main projects SCENES Water Scenarios for Europe and for Neighbouring States FP6 project developing scenarios for the future of Europe s inland waters. Water scarcity and droughts Study for the EU Parliament on the EU s approach to water scarcity and droughts KnowSeas Knowledge-based Sustainable Management for Europe's Regional Seas FP7 project aiming to increase the evidence base available for decision makers and to facilitate the practical implementation of the Ecosystem Approach. INDECO Development of Indicators of Environmental Performance of the Common Fisheries Policy FP6 project to evaluate a set of biological, economic and social indicators selected with specific consideration of their usefulness, practicability and the extent to which they address the policy objectives of the CFP. 28

29 Environmental Governance Environmental Policy Integration Sustainable Development Strategies Environmental Action Programmes Better Regulation Environmental Assessments EU Budget External Dimension of EU Environmental Policies European Treaties Multilateral Environmental Agreements EU Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy Citizen's Environmental Rights and Environmental Liability 29

30 Main projects A series of strategic analyses evaluating the Sixth Environment Action Programme and contributing to the debate on the potential 7EAP in the context of preparations for the Belgian Presidency of the EU (2009): Strategic Orientations of EU Environmental Policy under the Sixth Environment Action Programme and Implications for the Future The External Dimension of the Sixth Environment Action Programme: An Evaluation of Implementing Policy Instruments Impact of Better Regulation on Environmental Policy under the 6EAP Contribution to two key reports for the European Environment Agency: Environmental policy integration in Europe - State of play and an evaluation framework Environmental policy integration in Europe - Administrative culture and practices 30

31 The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity TEEB initiative ( ): assessing the value of biodiversity & ecosystem services Addresses resource efficiency from a biodiversity perspective and includes chapters on environmentally harmful subsidies Demonstrate biodiversity, ecosystems & their services have multiple values to economy, society, business & individuals Underline the urgency of action highlight the benefits (vs. costs) of action Show how to integrate these values into everyday decision-making TEEB Synthesis report was presented at the meeting of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in Nagoya, Japan in October

32 Benefit and Cost studies Links between the environment, economy and jobs in Europe study for DG Environment ( ) that provided estimates of the number of jobs and related level of GDP and economic activity that are dependant on the environment in Europe, and the factors behind these links. The study covered all economic activities for which the environment is an input into production or an output to the market. The Economic and Social Benefits of Natura study aims to support DG Environment in obtaining an accurate estimate on the costs of managing the EU Natura 2000 network, increasing awareness of the socio-economic benefits associated with the network, and developing a methodology for the systematic updating and refinement of the costs and benefits linked to Natura

33 Sustainability and Environmental Indicators Beyond GDP initiative - contributing to developing the concept - organiser of the high level European conference Beyond GDP held in November 2007 SRDTOOLS - DG Research supported study on sustainable development evaluation at regional level using the four capitals approach economic, human, social, and environmental. INSTREAM (INtegrating MainSTREAM Economic Indicators with Sustainable Development Objectives) project conducting a qualitative and quantitative assessment to link key mainstream economic indicators with leading well-being and sustainability indicators. 33

34 Eco-innovation Contribution to an OECD report on eco-innovation analysis of the policies and practice of certain countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the USA) to encourage innovation and also for a general analysis of instruments and policies for eco-innovation. Policy pathways to promote the development and adoption of cleaner technologies (co-funded by DG Research and Defra) study focused on the EU ETAP exploring the barriers to the development of clean technologies in Europe leading to an analysis of the policies to encourage their use in the transport, energy, industrial, household and agricultural sectors. EU Low-carbon innovation study for WWF on EU low-carbon innovation framework and in 5 EU MSs (De, Dk, Fr, Nl, UK). 34

35 - in-depth analysis and evaluation of EU environmental legislation. - published by IEEP since 1992, now online European Institutions, policy process and instruments analysis and evaluation of over 500 Directives, Decisions and Regulations, analysis of the relationship between environmental policy and other EU policy fields A summary of up and coming measures and future policy initiatives of interest and a summary of forthcoming policy measures The following policy areas are covered in detail: Air quality Climate change Environmental regulation of industry Water and marine Waste policy Resource use and product policy Chemicals and hazardous substances Biodiversity Noise 35

36 Resource efficiency: to be continued Relative decoupling of economic growth from resource use, but: - the economies are still growing - the world population is still growing - the rebound effect compensate the improvements Source: SERI and FoE 36

37 Resource efficiency: Future Shock - middle class estimates at 1.2 billion by global energy demand is expected to rise by 40 % by global demand for water could be 40 % higher by world population increase to 9 billion by demand for food, feed and fibres could increase by 70 % by

38 Challenges Sustainable Growth: An Impossibility Theorem (H. Daly) De-growth and/or different economic models (i.e. changing the consumption speech) Resource diversity and sufficiency (i.e. in energy sector: more renewables, consumption and resource caps) Enhanced international cooperation (i.e. for reaching sustainability of the society economic system) 38

39 Thank you IEEP is an independent not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. 39