DBT-ICT Technology Platforms For Advanced Biofuels

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1 DBT-ICT Technology Platforms For Advanced Biofuels EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels March Arvind Lali DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, India

2 DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga, Mumbai

3 DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences (Sanctioned Dec 2007; Functional May 2009) - India s first National Bioenergy Research Centre The Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of S&T, India - Set up at a cumulative cost of about 15 million USD - Multidisciplinary State-of-the-Art facility for developing and translating cutting-edge technologies - Networked with Institutions & Industry in India and abroad >60 PhD scholars; >10 Senior Research Scientists in different disciplines of modern biological sciences and chemical engineering/technology

4 DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences A State-of-the-Art Laboratories Chemical Engineering Modern Biology Chemistry TECHNOLOGY

5 The three inadequate alternatives Vegetable Oil Cane Molasses Bio-Waste BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas No non-edible Oils Inadequate Feedstock & The FvF-debate Technology Limitations Too Slow!! Low yields!!

6 The three alternatives and The DBT-ICT Solutions Development of Energy Oil Crops/Algae Use of agricultural Residues/Waste Use of agri-waste and MSW BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas Aimed at >5% diesel blending Aimed at >5% Petrol blending Aimed at >5% replacement of LPG/CNG

7 The three alternatives and The DBT-ICT Solutions Carbon Sources: Solid; Liquid; Gas Agri-residues; Municipal Wastes; Industrial Wastes The Platform Simple Sugars; Lignin monomers; CHO-Molecules Fuel Molecules and Materials/Chemicals Ethanol; Methane; Methanol; Green Diesel; Hydrogen Green PET; PLA; Acrylate; Butadiene; Solvents; Organic acids/chemicals

8 Waste to Fuel Innovations The DBT-ICT Technology Platforms (1) Lignocellulosic Sugars (2) Catalytically Thermo-Liquefied CTL-Oil (3) Lignin Hydrolysate

9 PLATFORM 1 DBT-ICT 2G-Alcohol/Sugars/Lignin Technology

10 The DBT-ICT 2G-Sugars/Ethanol Technology Lignocellulosic Biomass PROCESS OUTLINE STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 Pre-Treatment Step Saccharification Separation Fractionation to Sugars/Lignin Rapid & Efficient Process <24h High conversions Enzyme/Chemicals Recycled Zero Waste (no vinasse) Silica/Inorganics Recovery STEP 4 Fermentation/Purification Sugars/Lignin/Alcohol

11 The DBT-ICT 2G-Sugars/Ethanol Technology March 2016

12 BIRAC SUPPORTED 10 ton biomass/day Lignocellulosic Ethanol Demonstration Plant India Glycols Limited, Kashipur World s First Multi-feedstock Continuous 2G-Ethanol Plant

13 DBT-ICT 2G-Alcohol Technology Six Novel Processing Segments 1. Biomass Fractionation 2. Enzyme Hydrolysis 3. HCD Fermentation 4. Silica Recovery (Rice straw) 5. Water/Reagent Recovery 6. Recovery of inorganic Fertilizer Four Established Supporting Segments Added as established Plug-in Modules from known vendors 7. Alcohol Purification 8. Lignin concentration (similar to pulping mills) 9. Steam Production (similar to pulping mills) 10. Power Production (similar to any cogen plants)

14 Technology being scaled up to commercial scale 2G-Ethanol plants by Hindustan Petroleum Corp. and Bharat Petroleum Corp. Engineering Partners: L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering

15 Synthetic Biology & Fermentation Biotechnology at the DBT-ICT Centre Biomass Terrestrial Marine/Aquatic Sugars Lignin Designed Microorganisms E. Coli S. Cereviseae Corynebacteria Clostridia sp. Yarrowia sp. Pseudomonas sp. Cyanobacteria Algae Methanotrophs Proteins Lipids Alcohols Organic Acids Fatty Acids Amino Acids Terpenoids Hydrocarbons

16 Biomass Terrestrial Marine/Aquatic Sugars Lignin Synthetic Biology & Fermentation Biotechnology at the DBT-ICT Centre Designed Microorganisms E. Coli S. Cereviseae Corynebacteria Clostridia sp. Yarrowia sp. Pseudomonas sp. 3 Demonstration/Pilot Scale Cyanobacteria High Value-Multiproduct Biorefineries Algae to be Methanotrophs Operational in 2018 Proteins Lipids Alcohols Organic Acids Fatty Acids Amino Acids Terpenoids Hydrocarbons

17 PLATFORM 2 DBT-ICT Catalytic Thermo-Liquefaction Technology

18 DBT-ICT CTL-Technology Industrial Waste

19 DBT-ICT CTL-Technology Catalytic Thermo-Liquefaction (CTL) Wet/Dry Biomass CTL Catalytic Liquefaction 150 C, 15 Bar Pressure CTL-Oil Features -NOVEL LIQUID catalyst - Temperature ~150 C - Oil yield >90% ; near 100% C-efficient - Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst

20 Sr.No Entry Results 1 Color Dark brown 2 Density gm/ml 3 Calorific Value MJ/Kg 4 ph Elemental composition (C,H,N,S and O) Ash content (by gravim etric analysis) 7 Stability 8 Chem ical com position (by G C-M S) Carbon: 55%, Hydrogen: 6%, Nitrogen: 0.8% Sulfur:0.22% Oxygen: 38% 0.5-1% 9 Flash Point C 10 Pour point C 11 Viscosity cp Fuel Oil Or CTL-Oil 12 Pictorial image of Oil sample Stable at normal storage conditions Aromatics, hydrocarbons(c 5 -C 22 ), esters, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids (C 5 -C 18 ) etc.

21 Pathways for using CTL-Oil produced CTL/Fuel Oil Catalytic Upgradation (dehydration/hydrotreating) Cracking/Distillation Gasoline/Diesel Direct Use Furnace Oil Shipping Fuel Boiler Oil (Power) Anaerobic Digestion Biogas Cleaning/Purification Methane (Bio-CNG)

22 TRADITIONAL BIOGAS PROCESS OUTLINE days Waste (fertilizer) BioWaste Hydrolysis Sugars and Phenolics Acidogenesis/Acetogenesis Organic acids Methanogenesis Biogas The Anaerobic Digester Process Envelope The Utilizable Carbon forms < 50% Yield of Methane

23 Technology for Improved Production of Biogas and Bio-CNG from Waste The DBT-ICT Rapid-AD Technology

24 The DBT-ICT Rapid-AD Technology Salient features of the Rapid-AD Technology - Can handle any bio-waste (incl. agri-waste) dry or wet - Generates biogas within 24 hours - Gives >90% methane yields - Zero waste generation technology - Waste-to-Profit technology for private enterprise Being scaled up to - 1 ton MSW/day Demonstration Plant ton Bio-waste/day Commercial Scale Plant

25 The three alternatives: Next Steps Development of Energy Oil Crops Use of agricultural Residues/Waste Use of agri-waste and MSW? BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas Aimed at >5% diesel blending Aimed at >5% Petrol blending Aimed at >5% replacement of LPG/CNG

26 Algae Science and Technology Alternative Feedstock for Biofuel & Bioproducts DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai

27 Development of Rapid Growing and High Oil Yielding Micro-Algae and Micro-organisms Conversion to Bio-Oil/Bio- crude As Feedstock for Energy

28 The Final Frontier ICT-Harvard Catalytic/Solar Water Splitting Technology Energy Fuel and Chemicals

29 CO 2 H 2 O + Sunlight Hydrogen Fuels/Chemicals Collaboration with Harvard University, USA

30 Thank you