TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM

Transcription

1 1 TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM Development Policy Dialogue during the Asia - Pacific Weeks Cities in Transformation. Pioneers for Sustainable Development June 2013 Berlin Dr. Vinh Hung Hoang, hvhung.hau@gmail.com

2 Geographical and Socio-economic figures 2 Land area (sq km): 331,114 Coastline 3,269 km; Complex network of 2,360 rivers Population (2012): mil. Urban : 31% Rural : 69% Annual population growth rate ( ): 1.1% Population density (persons / sq km) (2010): GNI per capita (2011): US$1.270 Real growth of GDP (2012): 5.0% Annual average GDP growth rate ( ): 7.06% Poverty (percentage poor, national poverty line, 2011): 12.6%

3 Energy consumption and Natural disasters 3 The residential sector: >55% total national energy consumption, building sector: 30% of all energy in society Loss of human lives: 9600 Economic loss: 1.5 % GDP per year Loss of human lives Economic loss (Bil.VND)

4 Current urban development 4 rapid urbanization process. >70% of economic growth are in the industrial, construction and service sectors, concentrated in large urban centers e.g. Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang and Hai Phong. Number of rural to urban migration has increased accelerating urbanization, putting stress on urban services, infrastructure and particularly on housing.

5 5 Main challenges of urban development Reform has been in economic policy but not in urban development Policy does not enable local action - top-down, - providing targets but not helpful guidance and tools Lack of professional recognition of the relationship between energy efficiency, climate change and urban development - energy consumption in urban areas are not efficiency in the context of exhaustion of natural resource. - begin to recognize the linkages between flooding, sea level rise and water supply and urban development. - the practice of urban planning has a strong focus on architecture and engineering elements.

6 Main challenges of urban development 6 Current practices of planning are strongly private sector driven - local socioeconomic and master plans are developed in close consultation with private development interests. - with little consideration of energy efficiency and climate change Lack of criteria or indicators of success. - lack of consensus at senior policy levels about what would constitute sustainable urban development, and hence how to provide guidelines or measure effectiveness of public spending against policy targets. Lack of tools for engaging local actors and decision makers. - lack mechanisms for effective mobilization of resources and expertise within the state apparatus, the community, and private sector at the local level. - Researchers, administrators and policy developers lack the incentives, experience and tools for engaging with civil society in planning and action for a sustainable urban development.

7 Concept of Green City 7 Common notion of Green City: city with high proportion of park or green areas Different definitions of Green City among experts University: Concept and lessons of Green City are not integrated into formal professional education curricula

8 8 University, public administration and building sector Building sector maintains strong relation with public administration University plays minor role in development Need more integration of university, public administration and building sector in sustainable urban development.

9 Regional exchange 9 Regional exchange of climate change adaptation is established : number of projects on climate change and urban development (ISET, BMBF, HCM Megacity ) help to raise awareness of experts, administrators and community on the link of climate change to sustainable urban development. Most of research activities are driven by international institutions Engagement of different Vietnamese universities is not informed by common priorities or shared agendas: - Initiatives across universities has led to fragmentation, duplication and competition over funding and perspectives

10 10 Future needs International and national networks are set up, projects are being conducted But More coordination are needed (nationally and internationally) Research activities need to be re-directed, Figure out for priority among various activities Identify the most urgent demand of different cities to focus on Question: What should be convincing methods to translate research results into practice both at policy level and implementing level?

11 11 Thank you very much!