Energy Demand for Thin Glass Production MEM4WIN

Transcription

1 Energy Demand for Thin Glass Production MEM4WIN U. Neumann University of Kassel / CESR European Smart Window Conference Wels - Austria Workshop 4 Life Cycle Analysis

2 Flat glass production process Continious ribbon of glass Cross cutters Lift-off devices Float bath Annealing lehr Plate size: 6.00 x 3.21m Melting furnace Automatic stacking Raw material feed AGC Interpane 2

3 Flat Glass Production Process CO 2 NO x VOC SO 2 Particulates C C 600 C 200 C RAW MATERIALS CHARGE MELTING FURNACE REFINING FURNACE FLOAT BATH ANNEALING LEHR V = f (glass thickness) CUTTING (6.00m * 3.21m) COATING STACKING Transport Silica sand Soda powder Limestone Feldspar Natural gas Electricity Hydrogen Nitrogen Tin ( Transport ) Dolomite Process Cullet 720 C FURTHER PROCESSING (>>> glazing ) QUENCH ZONE TEMPERING FURNACE EDGE GRINDING CUTTING (final dimensions) Electricity Electricity and Thermal Tempering Process

4 Reducing energy consumption: by increased furnace melting efficiency specific energy consumption [ MWh / t ] Carbon Trust 2005, in ECORYS 2008 BAT / BREF 2013: : specific energy consumption has been reduced by 60 % : further reduction of about 20 % Observed minimum values for specific energy consumption: 5 GJ/t* (= 1.4 MWh/t ) Theoretical minimum for glass melting: 0.76 MWh/t *new furnaces 4

5 Standard float glass: 4 mm Reducing energy consumption: by reducing the glass thickness >>> MEM4WIN thin glass membranes: 2 mm (1.8 mm) and 1 mm (0.9 mm) Goals + Benefits: Weight reduction in the production process (= reduced mass flow) Weight reduction for craftsmen (= reduced disease burden) Reduced energy consumption for 1 m² of flat glass despite higher specific energy consumption for 1 kg of thin glass >>> the correct functional unit for window glass is 1 m²! Reduced energy consumption in the utilisation phase, thanks to 4 IG-unit ( Ug - value = 0.3 W/(m²K) ) 5

6 LCA / LCIA: regarded environmental impact categories Cumulated Energy Demand (CED) of renewable and non-renewable energy resources (sometimes also referred to as primary energy input) Greenhouse Warming Potential (GWP 100a - used method: IPCC 2007) stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state - CML 2001) Acidification Potential (AP, generic - CML 2001) Eutrophication Potential (EP, generic - CML 2001) Photochemical Oxidation (summer smog) (POCP, low NO x - CML 2001) Depletion of abiotic resources (ADP - CML 2001) Consumption of fresh water as resource (not scarcity weighted) Human toxicity (total - USEtox) and Ecotoxicity (total - USEtox) 6

7 Allocation of environmental impacts: production of standard float glass (4 mm) All values related to 1m² single glass pane (uncoated) 7

8 Allocation of environmental impacts: production of standard float glass (4 mm) infrastructure auxilliary materials energy carriers (prechains) + combustion (direct emissions) raw materials and transportation All values related to 1m² single glass pane (uncoated) 8

9 Allocation of environmental impacts: production of standard float glass (4 mm) and tempered thin glass (1.8 and 0.9 mm) 25% 45% All values related to 1m² single glass pane (uncoated) 9

10 Allocation of environmental impacts: production of standard float glass (4 mm) and tempered thin glass (1.8 and 0.9 mm) All values related to 1m² single glass pane (uncoated) 10

11 Allocation of environmental impacts: production of standard float glass (4 mm) and tempered thin glass (1.8 and 0.9 mm) due to poor quality of today s electricity mix All values related to 1m² single glass pane (uncoated) 11

12 Recommendations for product improvements further improved furnace insulation ( high standard given in new plants) extended use of natural gas for additional duct heating instead of electric heating (high environmental impacts from today s electricity generation) cleaner electricity (less coal-fired power plants, more renewables) company f glass (flat glass producer) plans to reduce the release of incidental greenhouse gases by feeding the flue gas into nearby greenhouses company Energy Glas (glazing) plans in the long run to install wind turbines to complete their energy supply 12

13 Thank you for your attention! The authors acknowledge funding by the European Community s 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement no MEM4WIN