Ongoing and Future Carbon Sequestration Demonstration Projects in the United States. A Kansas Perspective. Timothy R. Carr and Richard G.

Transcription

1 Ongoing and Future Carbon Sequestration Demonstration Projects in the United States A Kansas Perspective Timothy R. Carr and Richard G. Nelson

2 Kansas Approach Inventory & Evaluate Greenhouse Gas Resources Multiple Scales (Nation Regional Local Single Source Inventory & Evaluate Sequestration Opportunities Multiple Scales (Nation Regional Local Wellbore Guiding Principles Economically Viable Environmentally Sound Integrated Energy Systems Ethanol Plants Landfills Cement Kilns Viewing CO 2 as a Resource Path to the Future Carbon Management

3 Greenhouse Gas Resource Ethanol 10.3 Land Fill Gas 182 Energy Methane 252 Electric Generation 2250 Industrial Processes 114 Cement - 43 Fertilizer - 39 INCREASING Capture Costs Technology Uncertainty Non-Power Industrial Commercial & Residential 1,565 Transportation 1850 FutureGen Fuel Cells? DECREASING Concentration INCREASING Dispersion Agricultural Methane 183 Nitrous Oxides 333 HFC, PFC, SF 6, etc Total GHG Emissions 6,873 Million Metric Tons Data: Year 2002 Energy Information Agency and Renewable Fuels Assos.

4 NatCarb Inventory & Evaluate Carbon Resources

5 NatCarb Inventory & Evaluate Sequestration Opportunities Nevada

6 tonceasedomest rsdgeogcosources lysensi COemisionreduct notpol Locat reservoi ionofnewethanolplantsnearmatureoi ial tivesourceofpurecowi tical l icenergy thoutamarket isincreasingpotent i ioninterest production in Russell, Kansas Project USEP Ethanol Plant First Sequestration of Agricultural CO 2 7 miles Ethanol Plant Site 11.3 km Russell Project CO Pilot Site 2 Scale in Miles Russell is centered in oil, grain and cattle region

7 Annual Impact Integrated Energy Systems Raw Materials Ethanol Plant Products 2.7 BCF (145k metric tons) 7.5 mmcf/d 500 MBO (68.5*10 3 tonnes) 48 million gallons ethanol 182 million liters Modified from RFA, artwork by Acker 1 metric ton CO 2 = 19 mcf (164 million kwh) Water Feed Pellets Feed supplement for 192,000 head 8.4 kgcarbon Dioxide One Bushel Milo Fermentation 10 liters Ethanol Heat 8.2 kg Cattle Feed (DDG)

8 CO 2 Miscible Flood Demonstration 10+ acre, three-spot 1 CO 2 injector 2 Producers 1 Monitoring 2 Containment Water Injectors 0.29 BCF (15,263 tonnes) CO 2 Injected-WAG 6 year operating life 18,000 BO (2466 tonnes) estimated recovery

9 CO 2 Miscible Flood Demonstration CO2 injection began December 2003 Injection CO2 89 mmcf (4684 tonnes) ~34% PPV 137 Mbbl Water (21.8 million liters) Production Oil 1,225 bbl (168 tonnes) Water 87 Mbbl (13.8 million liters) 3.7 mmcf CO2 (195 tonnes) 400 tons/mo

10 Trenton, NE - Field Demonstration 14 CO2 injection Wells - 16 Producers Ethanol 36 fi 45 MGY (136 fi 170 M liters) Corn & Milo 17 Million Bushels (432 Million kg) 137 thousand metric tons (Mt) DDG 172,000 Head of Cattle 300 fi 375 Mt/day (5.6 fi 7.0 mmcf/d) Verification and Carbon Credits BCU Site BCU Site TAP Facility TAP Facility

11 Major Kansas GHG Sources Russell Project Deffenbaugh Fredonia Oil and Gas Fields CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery Landfills

12 Landfill Gas Nitrogen 5% Carbon Dioxide 42% Oxygen 1% NMVOC 2% Methane 50% Landfill Gas (LFG) 9.3 % US Greenhouse Gas Emissions 8.1 Million Metric Tons CH Million Captured 2.4 Million Flared subsidy $1.09 mcf ($0.04 m 3 ) Capture Costs Cents/Kwh (3600 kj) Assuming 33% efficiency Deffenbaugh Facility LFG 4.5 mmcf/day (236t/d) CO 2 equiv. 54 mmcf (2842 t/d) CH 4 sold 1.8 mmcf/d (95t/d) 116 tonnes CO 2 and NMVOC vented per day

13 Adsorption Isotherms CO 2 Methane Nitrogen

14 Landfill Gas

15 Landfill Gas

16 Landfill Gas Deffenbaugh Landfill

17 Major Kansas GHG Sources Russell Project Deffenbaugh Fredonia Oil and Gas Fields CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery Landfills

18 Cement Production Dry Kiln Portland Cement Process Calcination Process CaCO 3 > CaO + CO tonnes CO2 / tonne cement CO 2 and N 2 kiln gas mix may be suitable for ECBM with little processing

19 Fredonia Flue Gas and Potential SE Present Composition Kansas Markets % Weight N % H 2 O 22.6% CO % O % 99.8% 5000 tons/day at 332 o F (167 o C) Dehydrate % Dry Weight Volume N 2 61% 69% CO 2 25% 18% O 2 14% 13% Reduce Air Leaks Enhanced Coalbed Methane(ECBM) Kiln Gas CO 2, N 2,? CH 4 Pipeline % Dry Weight Volume Annual Vol. N 2 46% 57% 8.1 BCF CO 2 50% 39% 5.7 BCF O 2 4% 4% 0.6 BCF Direct or Modified 300 thousand tons CO 2 /Year Co-generation 400 o C

20 Cement Plants and Coal Basins Fredonia

21 Greenhouse Gas Resource Ethanol 10.3 Land Fill Gas 182 Energy Methane 252 Electric Generation 2250 Industrial Processes 114 Cement - 43 Fertilizer - 39 INCREASING Capture Costs Technology Uncertainty Non-Power Industrial Commercial & Residential 1,565 Transportation 1850 FutureGen Fuel Cells? DECREASING Concentration INCREASING Dispersion Agricultural Methane 183 Nitrous Oxides 333 HFC, PFC, SF 6, etc Total GHG Emissions 6,873 Million Metric Tons Data: Year 2002 Energy Information Agency and Renewable Fuels Assos.

22 FutureGen

23 Challenges Size and Scope of Sequestration 1 Million Metric Tons Per Year 50 MMCF/Day (2650 tonnes/day) 124 kwh/tonne to compress and deliver (1,500psi or 10,000 kpa) (446,000 kj/tonne) $300K per mile (1.6km) of pipeline Approximately 200 Injectors 3.5 Producers per Injector Capital Costs $60 MM Additional 3.8 Million BO/D (520,000 tonnes/d)

24 Potential Energy Systems Deffenbaugh Landfill Deffenbaugh Landfill Opportunities U.S. Ethanol Facilities and Russell Plant Challenges E T H A N O L Industry Outlook

25 Kansas Approach Expand the number and type of carbon sequestration opportunities in Kansas Lower the cost and optimize the value-added benefits associated with CO 2 storage Develop field and carbon management practices to minimize seepage and promote permanence Develop capability to assess capacity for carbon storage