There is No Net pen fish farming in Wisconsin!

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1 Aquaculture Facts Currently more than 90 percent of the seafood eaten by Americans is imported from other countries. Fewer fossil fuels are used to bring local l fish to your table, whether wild-caught or farmed, and by purchasing fish from Wisconsin farmers and Great Lakes commercial fishers, you are keeping your food dollars close to home and supporting local family businesses.

2 Aquaculture Facts Approximately half the seafood worldwide-includingincluding in the United States is raised on farms. Because harvest from many wild fisheries i has peaked globally, ll aquaculture is widely recognized as an effective way to meet the demands of a growing population. Aquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production in the world. Wisconsin ranks #1 in the Midwest.

3 Aquaculture Facts Horror stories about Net Pen fish farming in the news; ie escapes, disease, environmental issues. There is No Net pen fish farming in Wisconsin! Most Wisconsin farm-raised fish are raised in these 4 ways: 1. Flow-through: Outdoor, lots of freshwater(rainbow trout, brook trout) 2. Recirculation: Indoor, reuse water (95%)(arctic char, yellow perch, tilapia) 3. Ponds: Outdoor, seasonal, standing water(yellow perch, bluegill, walleye) 4. Aquaponics: Indoor, Plants and fish together(yellow perch, Tilapia)

4 Aquaculture Facts Like any type of farming, aquaculture can affect the environment, if done improperly. Wisconsin fish farms are regulated by both state and federal agencies. The US Government cannot regulate the environmental impacts of international fish farms. Aquaculture info provided by Kathy Kline from WI Sea Grant (

5 Aquaculture Facts UWSP-NADF : Promoting Sustainable, Land Based, Closed Containment Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Provide separation from wild populations which guarantees no transmission of disease, parasites, inbreeding beed ga and dco competition. petto These systems are promoted by many environmental agencies including: Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute( Atlantic Salmon Federation ( Tides Canada (

6 Aquaculture Facts

7 How did early humans chose the animals they were going to tame and eat?? Neolithic Europeans ate a wide range of wild game. Today, we are down to a few choices Mainly sheep, pigs, goats, cattle, chicken, turkey, duck Why only these few??? Francis Galton, a 19 th century intellectual t l Set out a list for domestication of animals (and fish) 1. Hardy 2. Like man 3. Comfort loving 4. Able to breed freely 5. Minimal amount of tending

8 Coldwater species WHY ARCTIC CHARR Rapid growth 1 kg(2.2 lbs) <17months High quality flesh, high omega 3s and antioxy. Good market price with limited availability High culture densities-120kg/m³(1.0lb/gal) High fillet yield 50% size 1-3 kg ( lbs)

9 Comparsion between Arctic Char, Rainbow Trout, and Brook Trout in Weight Over Time from 20 grams gms Days of growth AC 10 BKT 06 RBT 08

10 Days from 20 g ms to 1.0 pd AC 10 RBT 08 BKT Series2

11 Evaluation of photoperiod manipulation on Arctic Charr growth, processing attributes, and sexual maturity in a coldwater recirculating system at UWSP-NADF Gregory Fischer, Facility Operations Manager University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility

12 Materials and Methods The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare arctic charr production attributes reared under two different photoperiods (24 hr and natural) in an RAS system. Troutlodge Inc. provided Nauyuk Lake (Canada) strain arctic charr eggs. Cultured 17 months from egg to market size (1.0 kg) (2.0 lbs) Reared 10 months in RAS system Project was conducted inside main aquatic barn at NADF.

13 Materials and Methods Egg and Fry Culture Eyed eggs incubated in Heath Stack Flow thru 8.0 C(48F) degassed & aerated ground water. Fry were transferred to shallow (406 mm x 1219 mm) flow-thru fiberglass tank inserts. Fry fed dry salmon starter at approximately 5% BW. Water temperature maintained at 8.0 C (48F) at a flow of 20 L/min. Indirect 24 hour light.

14 Materials and Methods Fingerling Culture 1.25g fingerlings (51mm) were moved to 1,500 L (1.5 m³) fiberglass rearing tanks on 24 hour light. Fish were fed commercial trout diet to satiation approx. 5% BW utilizing 24 hr belt feeders. Flow thru single pass 8.0ºC groundwater.

15 Materials and Methods Growout 48,000 L Coldwater 12 o C Six 5.3 m 3 (5,300 L) round fiberglass tanks with side & bottom drains. System components included microscreen drum filter, fluidized sand biofilter, LHO w/oxygen, CO 2 stripper, UV irradiation, and chiller. Average system water flow was 1,477 L/min 8.0ºC groundwater 38 L/min or 2% of total flow to flush out high nitrite loads at final stages.

16 Materials and Methods (Growout) Arctic charr averaging mm (9.0 g) (approx. 4 inch) were placed into the RAS 5.3m³ tanks for growout at similar densities. Density was maintained above 70kg/m³(0.6lbs/gal). Commercial diet of 44% protein, 25% lipid, 1% fiber of appropriate size throughout the grow-out period. Constant feeding occurred over 24 hour daily time period with automatic feeders. Feed rates were adjusted bimonthly based upon trout growth and feed consumption.

17 Materials and Methods Photoperiod Study 3 tanks were kept on 24 hour light cycle at >100lumens 3 tanks were placed on natural light cycle to follow winter photoperiod All tanks were part of the coldwater recycle system and shared similar water chemistry and water temperature All tanks went back onto 24hour light after winter period was done

18 Materials and Methods Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l), temperature (ºC), ph and total dissolved gases (%) were measured daily in each tank utilizing ing handheld monitors. Ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N), alkalinity, CO2, TSS, and Salinity were measured once weekly from water samples collected in the RAS distribution sump utilizing a Hach test kit.

19 Materials and Methods Monitoring Length and weights were measured monthly by obtaining 50 randomly sampled fish from each tank.

20 Results 2.2 lb (1.0kg) Arctic Charr finished in 12ºC Recycle system for 10 months at UWSP-NADF

21 Results Arctic Char Overall Monthly Weight/Length ength m m /19/2011 Start on 12 Recycle Water On 8 Flow Through 12/21/2011 Start Photo Period experiment g m Length (mm) Weight (gm) /10/ /13/ /9 / /1 0 / /1 5 / /6 / /3/ /5 / /1 / /2 7 / Date

22 Artic Char Photoperiod S tudy Weight Natural light Length & Weight C omparision Weight 24hr light Length Natural light 350 Length 24hr light m m /21/11 Start photoperiod re w e i g h t t in g r a m s le n g th experiment 50 /1 9 /1 1 S ta rt o n 12 C cycle water 100 On 8 Flow throug h wa ter 0 0 9/1/ /15/ /29/ /6 / /20/ /3 / /2/ /5/2011 2/2/ /1/ /3 0/ /1/ /9/2010 7/29 / /20/2010 3/10/2010 4/1/ /13/2010

23 Gonadal Development Minimal w/24 hour light group 24 light group experienced better fillet yields Recommend 24 hour light for rearing and growout

24 Successfully raised 2,700 kg (6,000 lbs) in 10 months from fingerling (9 g) to fillet market size (1.0kg) (2.2 pds) in coldwater recirculation system with minimal water replacement. Results Production Average feed conversions of 1.2 (feeding to satiation). Average fillet yields of 55% noted by commercial processors. Good market price of $8-10/Kg in the round.

25 Results RAS Water Quality PARAMETER A AVERAGEAG AMMONIA 0.92 mg/l NITRITE 0.24 mg/l UNIONIZED NH3 (calc) CO mg/l 23 mg/l ALKALINITY 153 mg/l SALINITY 0.52 PPT TEMP 12.0 C Ph 7.2 TSS 2.8 mg/l NITRATE 15.9 mg/l

26 Conclusion Our study demonstrated that market size arctic charr can be raised successfully in a recycle system operated at 12ºC utilizing photoperiod and temperature control.

27 Conclusion And that arctic charr show tremendous growth rates, high rearing densities, excellent feed conversions, good fillet characteristics and market prices making them a great candidate for the food fish market!!!!!

28 Application of the Research This research has resulted in a Public Private Partnership with Aquaterra, a Bristol, WI based company, that has begun raising Arctic Char in an indoor recirculation facility for food based on the information gathered at UWSP-NADF. Aquaterra is also hiring UWSP graduates and utilizing interns from Point. A very good example of complete intergration from start to finish in using university research to assist a private business in Wisconsin.

29 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Steve Summerfelt(Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute), Bill Wolters(ARS Coldwater Research Station) and Troutlodge for their involvement and support for this project. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of technicians Lance Bresette, Nate Martin and summer interns, Rebecca Phillips, Megan Cornwall, Ryan Holem, Ryan Goetz, and John Tix for fish rearing and data collection. This project was supported by NADF base funding. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. QUESTIONS??????????????