FLUTe Liner Technology in Fractured Rock An Evolution in Groundwater Characterization. Mark Higgins East Coast Field Manager Warminster, PA 18974

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1 FLUTe Liner Technology in Fractured Rock An Evolution in Groundwater Characterization Mark Higgins East Coast Field Manager Warminster, PA 18974

2 Objectives of the FLUTe Approach: Seal an open borehole Map transmissive features in location and flow capacity Map relative distribution of contaminants Long term monitoring of water quality and head distribution at many discrete depths per hole

3 Why seal an open borehole? Example location with contamination source intersecting the uppermost fracture. DNAPL SWL Lower fractures containing clean water are naturally isolated from contaminated fracture.

4 Why seal an open borehole? New Open Borehole Drilling of new borehole creates a conduit between all 4 fractures. DNAPL SWL Water and contaminants in the uppermost fracture may now mobilize to other fractures, increasing the spread of contamination.

5 The blank liner installation to seal the borehole liner Water hose Liner on reel (inside out) SWL Water level in liner Original water in hole pushed into formation, or removed by pumping

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14 Note the stepwise inversion procedure for removal

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21 The seal quality is exceptional 6 inch diam. Hole Liner conforms to variations in the borehole, large and small Seam tape in liner lower left is 1 wide

22 The blank liner can be utilized as a carrier for a NAPL/FACT FLUTe The NAPL FLUTe cover wicks NAPL upon contact, changes colors, and allows for visible confirmation of any pure product in the hole. The FLUTe Activated Carbon (FACT) strip absorbs contaminants from the matrix and fracture flows. When analyzed it provides a continuous replica of the contaminant distribution with depth.

23 The NAPL FLUTe maps NAPL at the hole wall Absorbs NAPL upon contact producing a bright stain for 2-D map TCE Denver CO Xylene UK Coal Tar Rye NY

24 The FACT maps the dissolved phase in sat. and vadose zone MIP profiles PID Max [µv] FID Max [µv] XSD Max [µv] FLUTe FACT 0.0E E+6 0.0E E+5 0.0E E Inverted cover showing Mylar diffusion barrier Circumstances of FACT: Direct push installation to 8 M in clay till in Denmark. Left in place one day. GCMS assessment of carbon felt

25 The FLUTe transmissivity profile is fast and high resolution Performed with the same blank liner used for sealing the borehole

26 How a profiler works Water Addition hose Liner head measurement Velocity Meter surface conductor Liner on reel (inside out) H L Original water in hole pushed into formation transducer

27 The Water FLUTe system in place Transducer cable Pump quick connect ACT transducer (optional) Formation head in pump Sealing liner Spacer defining monitoring interval Port behind spacer through liner Sample tube Recording pressure transducer (optional) Pump tube ½ id Second check valve First check valve Port to pump tube

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29 21 Port Water FLUTe with Transducers

30 Purging 12 Ports Simultaneously

31 Experience with FLUTe systems Water FLUTe and other FLUTe systems have been in use for over 20 years. Installations have been done in boreholes from 2 to 18 inches diameter to depths greater than 1000 ft. Many hundreds of systems are in place from Canada to Puerto Rico and as far as Denmark and Germany. Customers include: Boeing, Shell, GE, Exxon Mobil, EPA, NASA, US Army Corps, Lockheed among many other notable agencies and contractors. FLUTe Systems and components are sourced, manufactured, constructed, and made in the USA

32 Summary Blank Liners Provide a continuous seal of the borehole Can be installed or removed in less than 4 hours Can be installed through a FLUTe Transmissivity Profiler to map transmissive features NAPL and FACT FLUTes Optional attachment to a blank liner Provide a snapshot of the contaminant distribution throughout a borehole Water FLUTe Multi-level Systems Allow for long term, easy and discrete water sampling direct from the formation Allow for many sampling intervals (20+ depending on borehole diameter) Variety of reliable head measurements in each sampling interval Are installed by trained experts without the need field fabrication. Compatible with PFA sampling - At the request of NJ EPA, Water FLUTe system components have been fully analyzed for and contain no PFAs

33 Data Collected Using These Methods

34 Some Other FLUTe Methods to Ask About Shallow Water FLUTe Less expensive, smaller tubing, utilizes peristaltic pumping, compatible with transducers for head monitoring PFAST System Efficient, cost effective, PFA multi-level sampling system Geoprobe installations Variety of small diameter systems that can be installed quickly and easily via geoprobe rods Reverse Head Profile performed in conjunction with T Profile using a blank liner to measure the head distribution in a borehole Angled and horizontal sampling systems air or water driven, previously utilized under landfills, buildings, mountain sides, and other difficult to access locations. Vadose Sampling Systems And many other innovative applications that can be tailored to your needs

35 Thank You Questions?

36 Check frequently asked questions on website for each method. Need more information, or call Need to discuss feasibility? Call Need to know about installations or scheduling? or call Need a quote, info@flut.com Need a procedure, carl@flut.com, ian@flut.com Feel free to contact me about any of the above items as well, mark.higgins@flut.com or call We frequently deal with artesian conditions, karst, low flow formations, fractured rock and sediments, shallow and deep, small and large diameter. We don t like squeezing clays or unstable boreholes, but we have methods even for those.