APPLICATION OF BIOGAS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SRI LANKA

Transcription

1 APPLICATION OF BIOGAS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SRI LANKA IGES Meeting on 22 Februray 2018 HELP-O No.364/18A, Samagi Mawatha,Dangedara, Galle. T.P. / Fax (+94) / (+94) E- Mail helpo@sltnet.lk Website srilanka.org

2 CONTENTS What is the solid waste Biodegradable waste and open dumping Introduction to municipal solid waste management in Sri Lanka Issues of Biodegradable waste and open dumping Major options for managing biodegradable waste Our pilot project &experience The way we used our biogas technology Opportunities Achievements

3 WHAT IS THE SOLID WASTE? Solid waste is not limited to garbage. Yard waste Used motor oil Household chemicals Building materials Glasses Metal Plastic Polythene Cardboard textile waste Paper waste

4 Compositions of MSW in Sri Lanka Source: Database of Solid Waste in Sri Lanka, Pilisaru National Solid Waste Management Programme, CEA, 2012

5 Haphazard disposal of Solid waste accelerates the serious environmental & socioeconomic issue further. It is a well-known fact that the waste generation has been increased due to the development, population growth, rapid urbanization, migration and accompanying changes in the consumption pattern and industrialization.

6 BIODEGRADABLE WASTE AND OPEN DUMPING BIODEGRADABLE WASTE INCLUDES any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things using composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes. In waste management, it also includes some inorganic materials which can be decomposed by bacteria. Such materials include gypsum and its products such as plasterboard and other simple organic sulfates which can be decomposed to yield hydrogen sulfide in anaerobic land-fill conditions.

7 WHAT IS OPEN DUMPING Open dumping is the disposal of solid waste at any location other than a facility permitted by the Department of Environment Quality (DEQ).

8 - INTRODUCTION TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (MSWM) IN SRI LANKA Disposal of solid waste is a priority environmental issue in Sri Lanka. At present it has become a national concern. Although unstable solid waste disposal has been identified to be one of the major causes for environmental degradation in The National Action Plan of Sri Lanka. the most common method of municipal solid waste disposal still remains to be open dumping % of municipal domestic solid waste produced in Sri Lanka consists of organic waste, including food and garden waste.

9 The balance, 15%-20% consists of paper, plastics, glass, metals and other inorganic materials. MSW in Sri Lanka has a, - high content of organic matter - moderate contents of plastics and paper - low content of metal and glass It has a high moisture content (70 80% on a wet mass basis) low calorific value (about kcal/kg) Further, it has been revealed that 50% of local authorities collect less than 2 tons of waste per day and 24% of households in Southern Province of Sri Lanka have access to waste collection systems.

10 There are many solid waste management projects conducted under the guidance of Waste Management Authority of Western Province in Sri Lanka, such as large scale composting projects, electricity generation by waste, large scale land filling.

11 Waste Collection Map of Sri Lanka Source: Database of Solid Waste in Sri Lanka, Pilisaru National Solid Waste Management Programme, CEA, 2012

12 Public Health and Safety Biodegrad able waste and open dumping Environment Pollution Climate Issues

13 Biodegradable waste and open dumping will create public health and safety issues, climate issues and environmental pollution. They are, Fire and explosion Inhalation of toxic gases Injury to children playing on or around the dump site Disease carried by mosquitoes & flies Contamination of rivers and lakes Contamination of soil and groundwater Contamination of drinking water Damage to plant and wildlife habitats Decrease in the quality of life to nearby residents and the local community Open dumps create a public difficulties, divert land from more productive uses, and depress the value of surrounding land.

14 Sri Lanka have 2 major options for managing biodegradable waste including, 1. Composting 2. Biogas generation.

15 1. Composting Composting of MSW will help to decrease the considerable amount of waste that must be sending to final landfilling. Quality Composting is free from methane generation, Easy to handle Can be stored for a long time It has wide variety of uses in agriculture. It also improves soli structure, aeration and moisture content of soil. With a comparison with chemical fertilizers compost will increase agricultural production rate.

16 2. BIOGAS GENERATION In Sri Lanka, there are three types of bio gas unit building techniques. That is, - China - Indian - Tunnel Currently they operate in small scale in Sri Lanka and reduce the experience required to build large scale bio gas units. At present, it is being constructed on a small scale biogas unit of domestic, industrial and community sectors.

17 The construction of biogas units more than composting is useful, - Methane burns 100%. - Produce energy - Organic fertilizer - And we can build a large scale biogas unit if we can go to generating the power. SWM has accepted that the concept of bio gas is more applicable in the domestic, industrial and community sectors.

18 METHANE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTS Cow dung 54% Pig dung 57% Chicken dung 58% Farm waste 55% Hay 55% Grass 60% Waste of the kitchen 52% Human waste 60%

19 Bio gas plant

20 OUR PILOT PROJECT &EXPERIENCE Human & Environment Links Progressive Organization (HELP O) has enough experience about biogas units. In 2004 the third large hospital of Sri Lanka has been faced a critical problem that is waste problem. Municipal Council and Hospital authorities didn t have a sustainable solution for waste problem. On that time they have closed some wards because of this problem.

21 On that time HELP O introduced a sustainable solution for this waste problem that is Biogas unit. The capacity of the biogas unit is 35m 3 that can dump 500 KG waste per day to that biogas unit. From the biogas unit can provided biogas for the kitchen of the Karapitiya Teaching Hospital. This is the first biogas unit that we constructed and the Hospital has started the cultivation from the organic fertilizer which gets from the biogas unit. Hospital authority could able to reduce the money that they expended to the LP Gas.

22 The organization also distributed dustbins and conducted many awareness programs for motivate the hospital staff also we have provided technical programs for how to implement this in a correct way. For this program we got the support from USAEP and Asia Foundation. After several years later we have introduced a new concept that is community biogas program. When program start dates the total waste collection was 55 tons and municipal council didn t have proper plan for dump the waste because of that reason many massive problems were begun.

23 Through this program we constructed 09 biogas units in Galle Municipal Area. We implemented this program with the grass root level community after the Tsunami we have formed a people s movement we gave the all responsibilities for this village people s movement. For construct the biogas units the community has been donated the lands also they monitor the process. The leaders of the village have chosen the beneficiaries. We introduce new techniques for collect the waste that is tricycle the worker also chosen by the grass root level leaders also they collect daily allowance for collecting the waste daily.

24 We use the Chinese biogas units and we have developed some items of the biogas unit. We have enough technical knowledge to implement biogas units for this moment all biogas are working properly. The success of the program is the strategies we have followed and technical knowledge. As a result of the success of the program we get many requests for construct the biogas unit in various places of the country. Finally, Sri Lanka have 2 major options for managing biodegradable waste including composting and biogas. According to our experience option of biogas is very suitable option for the solid waste management.

25 THE WAY WE USED OUR BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY We are able to provide our services throughout Sri Lanka. That is, the construction of bio gas units of HELP-O was done by the domestic, industrial and community sectors. For example

26 In addition, we introduced the biological energy pit concept. This involves the discharge of all of the discharges of domestic wastewater, domestic wastes (foods and vegetables) and toilet waste into a single pit. A separate toilet is not required. This allows for methane combustion of biogas and organic liquid fertilizers, and refining by filtration units provides the necessary water for the plantation needs.

27 Biological energy pit can be implemented in two ways. But the same process operates in the two ways. 1. Domestic Energy Pit 2. Industrial Energy Pit In the biological energy pit, any organic waste has the ability to produce biogas: human waste, animal waste, fruit and vegetable waste, waste water, meat waste, dairy factory waste and etc.

28 CASE STUDY FOR THE DOMESTIC BIOGAS My name is Mr. Themiya. I am a Engineer. My wife is a teacher. I live with my wife, two sons. My land was located near Galle town. I want to build new house. I have not enough spacing in my land. I had to face the difficulties of giving the municipal vehicle to the garbage, because of that my wife and my self are working in government job, also we are not waiting in the home daytime.

29 I want to included bio gas unit in building plan, Therefore I discussed with my home planer and HELP-O consultant. Then they planed to build the domestic energy pit ( Biogas Unit) without toilet pit for my home land. I got many benefits. They are, - Free biogas (energy) - Reduce my daily waste, waste water - I could save the money, because of that not need to remove the toilet sewerage. - I could save the money and land space, because of that not need to build new toilet pit. - Organic fertilizer and I could get urban agriculture. - I could get safety foods and good healthy. - Increase the beauty of the my land. - Descries the spreading diseases of fly s and mosquitoes.

30 My home Top of the energy pit, use as a common pond. Avoid Dengue threat from it put fishes into the pond. This has been added more beautiful thing to the garden. Surround areas cultivated with organic manure which comes as final output of energy pit. Organic waste feeding place to energy pit One basin connected to energy pit feeding kitchen waste water. Basin use soap, connect to normal tank Sulfur filter to purify the sulfur of Biogas and kilopascal meter

31 Cost of My Biogas Unit I have 6m 3 biogas unit. The cost and the biogas unit for this purpose are as follows. 1m 3 biogas = 0.5kg L.P gas Produces one day bio-gas unit of 6m 3 the amount of bio gas units 1m 3 L.P. Gas amount 0.5 kg L.P. Gas amount per month 0.5 kg x 30 days 15 kg The amount of gas cylinder produced per month 15/12 kg 1 cylinders Monthly Income 1 x Rs (LPG cylinder price) Rs.1,300/= 6 m 3 of bio gas unit per year Rs.1,300 x 12 Rs.15,600/=

32 According to Sri Lankan Contexts, - Bio Gas Construction Cost = Rs. 110, m 3 of bio gas unit save per year = Rs. 15, Save( remove of sewerage cost per year) = Rs. 6, Save Fertilizer cost per year = Rs. 3, Save cost of vegetables per year = Rs. 15, Total of save cost per year = Rs. 39, Bio Gas Construction Cost Total of save cost per year = Time to take the cost 110,000 39,000 = Nearly 3 Year

33 - After 3 year he can get net profit. - And mainly mention that, we can not measure Environmental benefit.

34 RECOMMENDATION Our client recommended this concept for his friends. Introduce this concept for the bulling planners and Engineers. Before the building approval by aware people on building new houses, they will be able to build energy pit with out toilet pit. The municipal council can introduce a co-fund. Because the municipal council does not want to remove toilet waste.

35 CASE STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY BIOGAS Add waste material collected in the SamagiWaththa area and form a biogas unit in the area. It produces biogas houses producing 5-6 homes. This biogas unit is managed by the community itself. We also provide a tricycle with trailer for that purpose. One worker is collected waste in the village. Rs. 500 was collected from a house where gas was obtained and the amount was credited to the village society. By this society maintain the worker and biogas unit. Free bio gas is provided to the landowner who constructed the bio gas unit.

36 Positive Impact The wakes up of time change, and gas users also try to take more gas into their work. There is a fight between garbage collectors. Because the other biogas units also come to collect the waste. Some villagers do not like give the waste, because of that they also offer garbage without any biogas. It seems that the behavior of villagers in the village waste has become a resources. Good demand for garbage and a market situation. Increasing demand for organic fertilizer for urban agriculture.

37 Negative Impact Can not get a definitive measure of the amount of bio gas in one household. Negative the owner of the house can not build a bio gas unit in a public place. Lack of contribution of the Municipal Council Recommendations Add the meters. Because of that it can be measure the amount of the gas. Then determine a reasonable price for the units. If the municipal council provides their intervention and waste collection and disposal, this process will be sustainable.

38 Provide knowledge to get access to urban agriculture. Referring to the quality of fertilizer. Biogas unit Urban agriculture Using of energy

39 Community bio gas unit

40 CASE STUDY OF THE INDUSTRIAL BIOGAS The Ever Green Tea factory, which was very beautiful, wanted to build a biogas unit. It employs a staff of 500 people. They face many difficulties. They are, - Overflowing the toilets - Bad smell - Diseases of Fly's & Mostoles - Labors do not like work with smell & all days complain them. This all things damage their factory s name and the environment. They came to our company for this purpose and our engineer recommended it to build 35m 3 biological units.

41 After the construction of the biogas We constructed Anaerobic Plant, also No smell More visitors come and visit their bio gas unit, because of that they maintain it probably. They use energy and save the money, it help to factory management. They maintain the clear & suitable environment of the factory. They have started Organic Agriculture. Now this food use the cooking purpose in the Factory.

42 Sri Lankan Airline MAS Holding Koggala

43 Youth Centre Hill garden Tea Factory (Baddegama) Kalpitiya Navy Cam Evergreen Tea Factory (Talgaswala Galle) Fonterra Brands Lanka (Private) Limited Gampaha Municipal Council Biogas

44 Our biogas technology to Cambodia

45 OUR LEAFLET CAMPAIGN

46 WHAT NEWS PAPERS SAY ABOUT BIOGAS

47

48 Media Conference about Biogas units

49 Conducted program about biogas and maintains

50 Biogas Technical Awareness Program

51 OPPORTUNITIES Methane is stronger than carbon. That is, 1 methane = 60 carbons. According to our research we have found that we currently burn 1 tons of methane daily from the biogas units in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, methane burning is a valuable service. For biogas technology, between waste tons is required to travel to a high technology, and we can produce electricity. Introducing a pre - cast into the market, people will be able to get them through the market.

52 When we build bio gas units, we have increased the value of bio gas units to produce them at business level, such as economic benefits, environment benefits and social benefits. This enabled us to create a competition between the institutions for the construction of bio gas units.

53 ACHIEVEMENTS In the city of Galle, it received the prestigious International Erath Care Award 2012 in recognition of its dedication to reduce methane gas emissions in the City of Galle. HELP-O with our experiences, we were able to produce HELP-O ECO GREEN (PVT) LTD

54 REFFRENCES k_3/extract/secm pdf pdf

55 Presented by Mr. Chathura Welivitiya. Project Officer At Institute for Global Environment Strategies Dr. Premakumara Presentation Created & Edited by Ms. Dineka Surasinghe