China - Renewable Future

Transcription

1 41 st GRC Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 2-4 October, 2017 International Session China - Renewable Future Prof. Dr. PANG Zhonghe Geothermal Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China z.pang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn October 2, 2017

2 Contents Geothermal resources in China Projects in planning or construction stages Projects in discovery or confirmation phases Developer specific projects and future plans Concluding remarks

3 Geothermal Resources in China

4 Spectacular geothermal in China: Roof of the world: the geographical 3 rd pole is also a geothermal one Bottom hole temperature at Yangbajing of Tibet is 325 C, average elevation is 4000m.

5 Geothermal manifestations in China Spectacular activities are found, especially in the southwest of the country, as well as in Taiwan Island. Nianqintagula Tibet Tagejia, Tibet Yanbajing, Tibet Kangding, of Sichuan n Batang of Sichua n Yuannan

6 Concept and classification of geothermal resources Earth s surface 0.2 km 4.0 km Shallow geothermal resources, in loose sediments and groundwater, <25 C, Conductive Deep geothermal resources, in hot water or steam, >25 C, Convective Concepts of shallow medium deep and super deep geothermal resources 10.0 km Super deep geothermal resources, mostly in dry rocks, >180 C, Conductive

7 Geothermal Background of China Heat flow has been systematically measured since 1970s, 1200 data points with high quality have been obtained, which varies from Southwest, Cold Warm Hot K Heat Flow Provinces of China 50mW/m2 60mW/m2 Southeast, Central, Northeast, from 80 to 50mW/m2, respectively. 80mW/m2 60mW/m2

8 Deep temperature: measured /estimated 1. Large potential for energy extraction exists in China with unfavourable depth ranges, and therefore technical challenges. 2. Research is underway to understand mechanism of exploitation. 3.5km 5.5km 7.5km Temperature profiles of interests in continental China

9 Hot water very rich in Karst geothermal reservoir in China Advantages: large yield, low TDS, high reinjectivity ; Disadvantages: reservoir heterogeneity and anisotropy and some times of low level of karstification. Geothermal potential: 5~50*10 12 tons of Standard Coal (Pang et al., 2012)

10 Distribution of karst reservoir and PM2.5 concentration Karst reservoir PM2.5 concentration (Pang et al. 2012) (From NASA) The distribution area of carbonate rocks is about 1/3 of terrestrial area. The barren and buried areas are about 9*10 5 km 2 and over 2.5*10 6 km 2. The heat in 0-3km depth amount to 5~50*10 12 tons of standard coal.

11 Hot water in sandstone reservoirs is widely found in sedimentary basins (0.2-4km) 1. The main difficulty is their low reinjectivity. 2. Pressurized injection is possible but it will increase the cost for operation of the heating system. Sandstone reservoir distribution

12 Projects in planning or construction stages

13 Overview of geothermal utilization in China Space heating if mainly in the eastern part of the country. Power generation is mainly in the southeastern part of the country. This is determined by the resources distribution and local heating and/or power demand and market.

14 Current situation of direct utilizaiton Up to 2015, the heating (cooling) areas of shallow geothermal (heat pump ) and hydrothermal are and billion m 2, respectively. Use of geothermal energy is about 20 million tons of standard coal per year, ranking 1 st in the world. Space heating uses more geothermal than tourism, for the first time. Shallow heating Hydrothermal Bathing Others Geothermal direct use in the world (2014) Geothermal direct use in China (2014)

15 Regions with space heating installations Space heating/cooling area from shallow geothermal resources (top 10)

16 Geothermal utilization models Xiong County model 100% geothermal for heating in carbonate reservoir ; Implementation in the whole country;

17 Xiong an New Area On 1 st f April, Central government announced a decision to build a special region in Hebei Province, which is called Xiong an New Area. The new construction project implies a large demand in geothermal use. Beijing Shenzhen in the past Shenzhen nowadays Xiong an new area Tianjin

18 Space heating using carbonate reservoirs: Xiongxian Model Xiongxian city with 100% space heating using geothermal (left) and the conceptual model (right) of the space heating system

19 Xiongxian---the first smokeless city in north China: large scale development and utilization of a karst geothermal reservoir

20 Geothermal Utilization Projects in Beijing Beijing s subcenter in Tongzhou District New airport in Beijing Olympic Winter Games in Yanqing

21 Different utilization models Xiaoyangkou model distributed energy sources system geothermal for heating in winter and cooling in summer; Bathing and swimming

22 Xiaoyangkou model

23 Geothermal utilization models Fengshun model LT-MT geothermal for electricity production; Cooing in summer;

24 Integrated cascade utilization system In order to increase the utilization efficiency of geothermal energy in south China, an integrated cascade utilization technology of waste geothermal water is designed for space cooling, agricultural products drying and bathing. The design principle of the integrated cascade utilization system of waste geothermal water is cascade utilization in accordance with the temperature and energy grade. Traditional technology: Integrated cascade utilization technology:

25 供暖 制冷 酒店 Integrated cascade utilization system of geothermal energy National Key Technology Support Program ( ) 蓄热水箱 65 输电线 25 地热热泵 50 地热发电站 35 地热空调机房 地热干燥房 温泉洗浴 91 地表河水 地热采水井 地热水回灌井

26 Integrated cascade utilization An integrated cascade utilization system of geothermal water has been built up in Fengshun county in The test data shows that the utilization efficiency of geothermal resource is higher than 70%. The innovative technology have revealed broad development prospects and have been listed in the following projects and plans: (1) Pilot city of National fiscal policy for energy conservation and emissions reduction; (2) Development plan of geothermal utilization in Fujian; (3) Development plan of geothermal utilization at Xiaoyangkou, Jiangsu Province. Physical photo of the system The exemplary base- Jindebao Hotel Visual monitoring platform of the system

27 Developer specific projects and future plans

28 Some Geothermal Developers in China State owned enterprises Enterprise China Nuclear Group Sinopec Group Guodian Group Sanxia Group Sino Development and Investment Corporation Main business Nuclear energy development Petroleum and geothermal energy Renewable energy power generation Hydropower project construction, power production Resource industry and high-tech industry asset management and investment Private enterprises Enterprise Zhejiang Loopmaster Energy company Zhengzhou Dimeite company Nanjing Fengsheng company Shanxi Zhonglu company Henan Wanjiang company Main business Shallow and deep geothermal energy development Geothermal energy power generation Geothermal energy for district heating and power generation Deep geothermal energy development Geothermal energy for district heating

29 Chinese Geothermal Developers and their projects in China Zhejiang Loopmaster Energy company Kangsheng Geothermal Energy Company Henan Wanjiang Company Sinopec Green Energy Development Company Zhengzhou Dimeite company Sinopec Green Energy Development Company Sinopec Green Energy Development Company Henan Wanjiang Company

30 SINOPEC GREEN ENERGY GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY (SGE) Cooperation between government and company; Jointly development Scientific exploration and utilization; Benefit people Xiong County Model Policy support; Sound progress Xiong County Model --- a new model for geothermal development through the cooperation with local government.

31 SINOPEC GREEN ENERGY GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY (SGE) Promotion of Xiong County model across the country, around 20 counties has signed agreement Growth Comparison in Sqm Contracted Area Growth in Sqm 000

32 Zhejiang Loopmaster Energy Technology Ground Source Heat Pump Application Project of Changchun University of Science and Technology in Cold Area Central heating and cooling system Including HVAC (heating ventilation air conditioning) terminal, refrigeration room and outdoor buried system million m 2 of total heating area Heating capacity of kw The largest shallow geothermal energy application project in Northeast China

33 Henan Wanjiang New Energy Group Limited Shanzhou Model: distributed centralized heating project using hydrothermal resources 4 million m 2 of heating area 360 million RMB of total investment Including Geothermal exploration, production well, injection well, primary pipe network, heating station, dynamic monitoring system and automatic monitoring system Project commencement ceremony Master control office of centralized heating Geothermal heating station

34 Jimo Thermal Power Company: building a Seawater hot spring special town Jimo Hot spring, Qingdao, China Zhaori hot spring, Green island of Taiwan Siacca, Sicily, Italy Kagoshima-Ken, Kyushu, Japan

35 Jimo Seawater hot spring special town Highest temperature:93, temperature of spring vent:88 TDS: g/ L rich in more than 30 trace elements, such as F, Br, Sr Health care leisure seaside resort Hot spring therapy Golfing Wetland Park Health Fitness Ecological Protection LOHAS Creative Education Sea Ranch Leisure Tourism Fisherman's Wharf Theme Park Cultural Creative Educational Training

36 Projects in discovery or confirmation phases

37 Western Himalayan Syntaxis--Tashkorgan Geological discoveries and drillig confirmations have been achieved on three main regions along the Himalayan Belt: Tashkorgan on the west, Kangding on the east, and Gonghe Basin on the northern side of the geothermal belt. Midium to large size geothermal projects are likely to be built. India plate High enthalpy geothermal relative to collision between Euro-Asia and India plate

38 Western Himalayan Syntaxis--Tashkorgan Reservoir temperature of K2 and K4 are over 80 and 140 C respectively The reservoir temperature is predicted to range from C based on geochemical methods Conceptual Model Li & Pang etal.,2017)

39 Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis western Sichuan Kangding Batang DZK02 Litang Kangding Well depth: 300 meters, Bottom hole: 208 C Guo & Pang etal.,2017) Surface geothermal manifestation

40 Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis western Sichuan Surface geothermal manifestations Sampling of geothermal springs and wells

41 Gonghe Basin in Qinghai Province, China Borehole GR1: A dry hot rock well with the highest temperature in China Location: Gonghe basin, Qinghai Province, China Depth: 3705m, T=180 C (~200 C at 4000 meters) Gonghe basin 自流状态, 水热系统 Guide basin dry hot rock hydrothermal

42 The 13 th five year Plan for Geothermal ( ) In 2020, annual geothermal use reaches 7*10 7 tons of SC. The annual geothermal use for space heating (cooling) reaches 4*10 7 tons of SC. Space heating To reach 1.6 billion m 2, increasing by 1.1 billion m2; shallow geothermal resource increasing by 70 million m 2 ; hydrothemal resource increasing by 40 million m 2 ;

43 The 13 th five year Plan for Geothermal ( ) Installed power capacity: increasing by 475 MW; mostly in Tibet and Qinghai Plateau. Yangbajing power plant: 26.6 MW Gudui in Tibet Yangyi in Tibet Kangding in Sichuan

44 The 13 th five-year Plan for Geothermal ( ) Geothermal space heating: increasing by 1.1 billion million m2; Geothermal power generation: increasing by 475MW

45 Concluding Remarks China is rich in geothermal resources, which is widely distributed over the country, with a low degree of exploration, development and utilization. Government and enterprises are interested in geothermal development much more than before, which a huge market. The 13 th five-year plan is ambitious and encouraging. To realize it, active participation and support from local governments, enterprises, research institutions, and international partners are needed. International exchange of good practice and experience, as well as sharing technology and market are welcome.

46 Thank you for your attention!