Analysis of water quality parameters and discharge rate through conventional and geotextile based filter

Transcription

1 Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: Analysis f water quality parameters and discharge rate thrugh cnventinal and getextile based Anirudh 1, Dr. Sanjay K. Sharma 2, Er. Rakesh K. Gel 3, Jythi P.M 4 1M.E. Schlar, Cnstructin Technlgy and Management, NITTTR, Chandigarh (UT), India 2Prfessr, Civil Engineering Department, NITTTR, Chandigarh (UT), India 3Estate Officer, NITTTR, Chandigarh (UT), India 4Technician, Civil Engineering Department, NITTTR, Chandigarh (UT), India *** Abstract Grundwater is the water fund beneath the grundwater are clgged after a certain amunt f time. grund surface at a certain depth which mves slwly After that, cleaning and maintenance f these s in a thrugh gelgic frmatins f sil, sand and rcks knwn cmplex and time cnsuming prcess. Due t this, as aquifers. Grundwater recharge thrugh artificially alternative methds are being intrduced t replace these designed structures has been prven as a viable ptin fr kinds f s. Getextile fabrics can be used as s augmentatin f its resurces as it als helps in utilizatin due t its prsity and retentin prperties. There are f surplus runff which therwise is unutilized. Currently, different types f getextile fabrics available which are cnventinal s are mstly used in recharge wells which used fr different purpses. Nn Wven getextiles are include different layers f bulders and aggregates ranging mstly used fr filtratin purpses due t its cmplex frm biggest size in the bttm layer and smallest layer at structure which retains sil particles and allws water t the tp. There are certain issues regarding these s such pass freely thrugh it. Hwever clgging rate f getextile as reductin in recharge rate due t its clgging after fabrics is mre as cmpared t cnventinal but it certain amunt f time and cmplex and time cnsuming des nt have a significant effect n the discharge rate maintenance. Due t this, getextile based was thrugh it. intrduced in cmparisn f cnventinal which can be used in recharge wells. In this, mechanically bnded nn 2. GEOTEXTILE AS FILTERS wven getextile was used. quality parameters such Getextiles are prus textiles, a class f gesynthetics, as ph, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Ttal Hardness, Calcium, plymeric materials used in varius infrastructure Chlride & Sulphate and discharge rate were analyzed frm prjects due t features such as self-restrained prperties, bth types f s befre and after filtratin with the help rapid installatin, and vlumetric cmpactness (Kerner f a mdel cnstructed fr testing f bth type f s. It and Sng, 1995). These synthetic fibers are cmpsed f: was seen that the reductin in the values f TDS, TSS, and (plyprpylene, plyethylene r plyester), thickness Turbidity was mre in case f getextile based as (denier) and length (filaments r shrt staples). The main cmpared t the cnventinal. There were minimal characteristic that cntrls engineering behavir is the changes in ther parameters after filtratin frm bth the cmpsitin f fibers frm the manufacturing prcess. s. Discharge rate frm getextile based was als mre as cmpared t the cnventinal. Rate f clgging was smehw mre in case f getextile based but it had n significant effect n its discharge rate. Keywrds: Grundwater, Artificial recharge, quality parameters, Discharge rate,, Getextile based. 1. INTRODUCTION There has been a cnstant decrease in the level f grundwater. It is due t the ver explitatin f its resurces and reductin f unpaved land due t urbanizatin. There are different types f structures cnstructed fr the augmentatin f grundwater recharge but the rate f declinatin is much mre as cmpared t the rate f recharge. Artificial recharge wells cnsisting f cnventinal s fr the recharge f Getextiles are cmmnly used in ersin cntrl and drainage applicatins. Sme f the applicatins include slpes, dam embankments, shrelines shielded with rip rap, flexible blck mats and cncrete filled fabric frmed systems. In all these applicatins, getextiles are used fr retentin f sil particles while allwing fluid t pass freely. But the fact is that, primary purpse f using getextiles is filtratin fr which they are widely used. Nn Wven getextiles are the fabrics mstly used fr filtratin purpses. Staple fibers r cntinuus filaments are bnded by mechanically entangling the fibers with barbed needles. Mst cmmnly used nn wven getextiles are needle punched getextiles. 2016, IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2066

2 Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: Figure 1: Nn wven getextile Figure 2: Mdel cnsisting f bth s 3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Fllwing research prgram includes the study f water quality parameters such as ph, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Ttal Hardness, Calcium, Chlride & Sulphate befre and after filtratin frm bth type f s i.e. cnventinal and getextile based and their discharge rates. Fr analyzing water quality parameters and discharge rate, a mdel was cnstructed having bth the s installed in it. cnsisted f six layers f aggregates ranging frm 60mm in the bttm layer and 2mm in the tp layer. Thickness f cnventinal was 300 mm. Whereas tw layers f mechanically bnded nn wven getextile fabric were used in getextile based. The thickness f fabric used was 3mm having a pre size f 200 micrn and design permeability f 100 m 2 /sec. Samples were taken frm bth the s. Cllected water s were tested in the labratry fr the fllwing parameters. Discharge rate was als analysed frm bth the s using the mdel. 4. CONSTRUCTION OF MODEL The purpse f this cnstructin was t cllect s befre and after passing frm bth the s and t calculate discharge rate frm bth s. The s cllected were then tested in the labratry fr the parameters stated. A mdel was created in which bth the s were placed. It cnsisted f fur water tanks with the capacity f 500 liters and a cylindrical drum which was cut in tw equal parts and the bttm f these drums were clsed and made water tight. These drums were prperly cleaned and steel frames in the frm f a mesh were made accrding t the size f the drum. These frames were placed inside the drum at the level f 130 mm abve the bttm f the drum t supprt bth the media t be placed inside them. These frames were prvided with the rectangular penings t allw free flw f water. In these drums, bth the s were placed. Tw f the cylindrical tanks and bth drums were prvided with the utlet fr the flw f water. tanks were als prvided with the stp valve fr cntrlling the flw f water. Figure 3: (left) and Getextile based (right) 5. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS 5.1 Quality Testing The tests were perfrmed n different water s. s shwn belw were created artificially by adding sand, sil and ther cntaminants as present in the surface runff. The cntaminants added were in different quantities fr different s and these cntaminants were added in mre quantity as cmpared t surface runff at the prpsed area t check the limits f bth the s and fr cmparing their results. Ten different s with different amunt f cntaminants added t them were used in the. The results are described as under: Table1: quality parameters f 1 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate , IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2067

3 Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: Table2: quality parameters f 2 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Table5: quality parameters f 5 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Calcium Chlride Sulphate Table3: quality parameters f 3 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Table6: quality parameters f 6 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Calcium Chlride Sulphate Table4: quality parameters f 4 after S. N 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Table7: quality parameters f 7 after S. N 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Calcium Chlride Sulphate , IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2068

4 Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: Table8: quality parameters f 8 after S. N 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Table9: quality parameters f 9 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Table10: quality parameters f 10 after 1 ph TDS TSS Turbidity(NTU) Calcium Chlride Sulphate Frm the abve stated results, fllwing were the bservatins: ph: Frm the abve stated results, ph was bserved within the range f 7.1 t 8.3. There were minimal changes in ph value befre and after filtratin frm bth the s. The range f ph was fund within the limits f BIS. Ttal Disslved Slids (TDS): In the abve stated results, TDS f all the s befre and after filtratin was fund within the limits f BIS. It was nted that that the rate f reductin in TDS values after filtratin frm bth s was mre with the passage f time and the reductin was mre in getextile based as cmpared t the cnventinal. Ttal Suspended Slids (TSS): Frm the fllwing results, it was analysed that there was a certain decrease in values f TSS after filtratin frm bth the s. The depreciatin was abut 15% t 25% in case f cnventinal and 25% t 30% in case f getextile based. These values f turbidity were much mre than the limits prescribed by BIS. Turbidity: Accrding t the results, there was a certain percentage f decrease in turbidity after filtratin frm bth s but the values f all s were much higher than the limits prescribed by BIS. There was abut 15% t 23% decrease in the values in case f cnventinal filer and 21% t 32% decrease in case f getextile based. Ttal Hardness and Calcium: Frm the fllwing results, it was bserved that there was a gradual and minimal decrease in the values f ttal hardness and calcium with the passage f time after filtratin frm bth the s. The rate f depreciatin was mre in case f getextile based as cmpared t the cnventinal. Values f all the s were in the limits stated by BIS. Chlrides: The values f chlride cntent in all the s stated abve are within the limits f BIS. Hwever, sme depreciatin was seen in the values befre and after filtratin frm bth s and rate f depreciatin was mre in case f getextile based. 2016, IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2069

5 Discharge Rate (lt/sec) Discharge Rate (lt/sec) Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: Sulphates: There were minimal changes (increase r decrease) in values f sulphate ins present in the abve stated s befre and after filtratin frm bth s. Hwever, the values were within the limits f BIS. 5.2 Discharge Rate Discharge rate is the amunt f water passing thrugh the in ne secnd. It is dented by Q. It was calculated fr the bth s i.e. cnventinal and getextile based. Fr this 100 liters f water was allwed t pass frm bth the s and the time was nted dwn with the help f a stp watch. Quality f water taken was same fr bth the s and the test were perfrmed fr ten times. Fllwing were the results: Table11: Discharge rate thrugh cnventinal (F1) and getextile based (F2) Amunt f water (lt) Time taken by F1 (sec) Time taken by F2 (sec) Discharge rate (lt/sec) Discharge rate (lt/sec) Days Chart 1: Discharge rate variatin (F2) Frm the abve stated results, it was bserved that there was a decrease in discharge rate with respect t time in case f bth the s. It may be pssible due t the reductin in the size and number f pres present in bth the s which allws water t pass thrugh it. Discharge rate thrugh getextile based was abut 40% t 70% mre than in case f cnventinal. Hwever, the variatin (decrease in discharge rate with respect t time) was slightly mre in case f getextile based as cmpared t the cnventinal. It states that the clgging rate f getextile is slightly mre than cnventinal. 6. CONCLUSION Days TSS and Turbidity were reduced after filtratin frm bth the s but the reductin was high in case f getextile based. Slight reductin in TDS was bserved after filtratin but rate f depreciatin was mre in case f getextile based. All ther values were within the BIS limits and there was minimal r n decrease in them after filtratin frm bth s. s taken frm the site shwed a cnsistent amunt f decrease in the values f TSS, Turbidity, TDS, Hardness and chlride after filtratin thrugh getextile based. Discharge rate was mre in case f getextile based. Cleaning f bth s installed in the mdel was dne and time required fr cleaning f getextile based was much lesser as cmpared t cnventinal. After cleaning, getextile fabric can be reused as a. Chart 1: Discharge rate variatin (F1) 2016, IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2070

6 Internatinal Research Jurnal f Engineering and Technlgy (IRJET) e-issn: Vlume: 03 Issue: 08 Aug p-issn: REFERENCES [1] Anil Kumar Misra- Develping, design and testing artificial set f lithlgies fr SAT system. Advances in Resurce and Prtectin (AWRP) Vlume 1 Issue 4, Octber [2] Bhanwar Das Bithu- Use f getextiles in imprving s and drains in Western Rajasthan. First Indian Getextiles Cnference n Reinfrced sils and Getextiles, [3] CGWB (Central Grund Bard) Rainwater harvesting techniques fr grundwater augmentatin. Ministry f water resurces, Faridabad India [4] Cevat Yaman, Eyup Krkut and Rger Marin- Grundwater Recharge f Urban Runff after Bilgical Treatment in Getextile Filters. Civil, Architectural and Envirnmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia [5] Enni M. Palmeira, Aline F.N. Remigib, Maria L.G. Ramsc, Ricard S. Bernardesa- Lng term permittivity test using leachate fr the evaluatin f bilgical clgging f nn wwen getextiles. Getexiles and Gemembranes, June [6] Girud J.P.- Review f Getextile criteria. First Indian Getextiles Cnference n Reinfrced sils and Getextiles, [7] K.R. Dayte- Filter fabrics fr drainage and ersin cntrl. First Indian Getextiles Cnference n Reinfrced sils and Getextiles, [8] Ministry f Rural Develpment. (2004). Harvesting and artificial Recharge. [9] Parneet Paul and Kiran Tta-Maharaj- Labratry Studies n Granular Filters and Their Relatinship t Getextiles fr Strm water Pllutant Reductin. ISSN , , IRJET Impact Factr value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Jurnal Page 2071