URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

Transcription

1 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

2 THE WORLD IS URBANIZING RAPIDLY Two-thirds of the world s population, or 6 billion people, will live in cities by TOTAL POPULATION (BILLIONS) Urban population growing by ~75 million per year World became a majority urban in 2010 Urban growth takes off URBAN RURAL

3 THE PERIL CC BY / Nicolò Lazzati CONGESTION AIR POLLUTION REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE

4 THE PERIL: URBAN FORM Sprawling development and ever expanding city boundaries Superblocks dominate urban development RISKS LOCKING IN BAD URBAN FORM

5 THE PERIL: TRANSPORT Highways perceived as a mobility solution Urban infrastructure revolves around the car THE HUMAN SCALE IS LOST

6 THE DIFFERENCE OF GOOD PLANNING BARCELONA HAS ROUGHLY THE SAME POPULATION AS ATLANTA, BUT TAKES UP ONE- TENTH THE LAND AREA AND EMITS 5X FEWER TRANSPORT CARBON EMISSIONS

7 What are the minimum requirements to building a great city? DOWNLOAD: energyinnovation.org/greensmart

8 THE 12 GREEN GUIDELINES BENEFICIAL MEASURABLE PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONAL AND NECESSARY DOWNLOAD: energyinnovation.org/greensmart

9 1. Urban Growth Boundary 1-5: Urban Form 2. Transit Oriented Development 3. Mixed-Use 4. Small Blocks 5. Public Green Space 6-8: Transportation 6. Non- Motorized Transit 7. Public Transit 8. Car Control 9-12: Energy & Resources 9. Green Buildings 10. Renewable and District Energy 11. Waste Management 12. Water Efficiency

10 URBAN GROWTH An urban growth boundary is set around a city to contain urban sprawl and preserve the land outside of the boundary PORTLAND, OREGON

11 TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT COPENHAGEN Transit-oriented development matches population density with transit capacity

12 Mixed-use development intermingles residential, commercial, recreational, and cultural space, guaranteeing amenities and services are easily accessible SINGLE-USE SUPERBLOCKS BEIJING

13 Mixed-use development intermingles residential, commercial, recreational, and cultural space, guaranteeing amenities and services are easily accessible MIXED-USE DISTRICT IN PORTLAND

14 BLOCK SIZES IN DIFFERENT CITIES AT SAME SCALE San Francisco Vancouver New York Shanghai Beijing Portland Small blocks create a dense mesh of narrower, pedestrian-friendly streets and paths, facilitating street life and the shift away from car use

15 Attractive public spaces create a sense of community and neighborhood identity, while enhancing the city s economic vitality and environmental resiliency. Highline Park, New York City Image source: Flickr (Filipp Solovev)

16 Attractive public spaces create a sense of community and neighborhood identity, while enhancing the city s economic vitality and environmental resiliency. Parklets distribute small areas of public green space throughout cities Image sources (Vancouver Public Space Network and SDOT photos)

17 The world s most attractive cities prioritize transportation development at the human scale Dense networks of walking and biking paths allow for shorter, more efficient, and more pleasant commutes. Liuyun Xiaoqu, China

18 The world s most attractive cities prioritize transportation development at the human scale Dense networks of walking and biking paths allow for shorter, more efficient, and more pleasant commutes. Hangzhou, China Mexico City, Mexico

19 Public transit must be a first-class option for transportation Bus-rapid transit (BRT) moves people around cities quickly and safely

20 Public transit must be a first-class option for transportation Elements of good bus rapid transit (BRT): Dedicated bus lanes occupying the center of the roadway Stations that are level to bus height and collect fare prior to boarding Guangzhou before and after bus rapid transit

21 An advanced country is not one where the poor move about in cars, rather it s where even the rich use public transportation. - Enrique Peñalosa, Mayor of Bogotá

22 Car control improves space efficiency on streets Buses Bikes Cars

23 Parking and driving restrictions, safe options for biking and walking, and top-notch public transit help to limit car use in cities BEFORE AFTER

24 Green buildings employ a variety of efficiency techniques to minimize their energy and resource consumption Shenzhen s IBR Building

25 Green buildings employ a variety of efficiency techniques to minimize their energy and resource consumption Cost premiums for green buildings are decreasing, while property values are increasing Seattle s Bullitt Center

26 Falling costs and increasing efficiency rates make renewable energy resources more viable options Solar hot water Rooftop solar PV systems

27 TODAY: District energy systems produce steam, hot water, or chilled water that is piped to individual buildings for heating and cooling Traditional district heating systems avoid buildings need for furnaces, boilers, air chillers, etc.

28 TOMORROW: District energy systems will produce energy at a more decentralized or localized level UC San Diego s microgrid Microgrids offer energy security and stability, while helping increase the adoption of renewable energy Image source: Orkas

29 Waste management practices aim to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover as much waste as possible. San Francisco s Recology waste management company diverts 80 percent of waste from landfill

30 Waste management practices aim to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover as much waste as possible. Image source: World Economic Forum

31 More efficient water consumption reduces energy usage needed to treat, move, or heat water

32 A sponge city is one that can hold, clean, and drain water in a natural way using an ecological approach - Kongjian Yu, dean of Peking University s College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (CityLab)

33 EVIDENCE FOR THE 12 GREEN GUIDELINES HAMMARBY AND PORTLAND Comprehensive coverage of regulatory, financial, and technical processes that bolster the 12 Green Guidelines Shows economic, environmental, and social success DOWNLOAD: energyinnovation.org/greensmart

34 TEXT Nothing in the world is more simple and more cheap than making cities that provide better for people. - Jan Gehl

35 THANK YOU