IMPACT OF SLEEVE QUARTZ QUALITY TO THE TOTAL COSTS OF OWNERSHIP FOR UV WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS. IUVA Regional Conference, Redondo Beach 2018

Transcription

1 IMPACT OF SLEEVE QUARTZ QUALITY TO THE TOTAL COSTS OF OWNERSHIP FOR UV WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS IUVA Regional Conference, Redondo Beach 2018

2 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO) Sum of all costs associated with the purchase of an asset (e.g. UV disinfection reactor), its use, and, if necessary, its disposal. UV disinfection reactor: Capex (capital expenditure): UV lamps (LP lamps) EPS (electronic power supply) sleeves Opex (operation expenditure): energy expenditure spare parts (maintenance) maintenance, service and uptime (labor expenses) 2

3 transmission (%) QUALITY OF QUARTZ SLEEVES NEW MATERIAL Which factors determine the quality for UVC sleeves Purity Transmission UVC efficiency typically metal impurity level in ppb fused silica alkali / earth alkali iron Type A > Type B Suprasil <200 <50 fused silica typically impurity level in ppm OH content (not vacuumannealed) OH content (vacuumannealed) Type A approx. 100 low Type B approx. 100 low Suprasil approx. 200 high transmission of new material - wall thickness 1.0mm nm typical values no transmission specification wavelength (nm) Low Standard Suprasil 3

4 transmission (%) QUALITY OF QUARTZ SLEEVES USED MATERIAL Which factors determine the quality for UVC sleeves Purity Transmission UVC efficiency fused silica typically impurity level in ppm OH content (not vacuumannealed) OH content (vacuumannealed) Type A approx. 100 low Type B approx. 100 low Suprasil approx. 200 high transmission of used material - wall thickness 1.0mm nm typical values no transmission specification wavelength (nm) Type A Type B Suprasil 4

5 transmission (%) QUALITY OF QUARTZ SLEEVES USED MATERIAL Which factors determine the quality for UVC sleeves Purity Transmission UVC efficiency fused silica typically impurity level in ppm OH content (not vacuumannealed) OH content (vacuumannealed) Type A approx. 100 low Type B approx. 100 low Suprasil approx. 200 high [1]Take from Arnold Aging of quartz glass Sleeves, IUVA 2013, DE Karlsruhe transmission of used material - wall thickness 1.0mm SiH + hν => Si + H E -center absorbing at ~215nm [1] 254nm wavelength (nm) Type A Type B Suprasil typical values no transmission specification 5

6 TRANSMISSION [%] AGED QUARTZ GLASS DATA COME FROM ACCELERATED AGING PER VUV LAMP A simulated aging process using Xe-excimer lamps at wavelength of 172nm (lamp power approx. 30mW/cm 2 ) is compared to quartz glass which was operated in a real life purification reactor. [1/2] Transmission, type B fused silica, e.g. HLQ200 or GE214, 1mm thickness Pictures taken from the test set-up. Quartz glass samples are directly on Xe-excimer lamp. [1]Take from Arnold Aging of quartz glass Sleeves, IUVA 2013, DE Karlsruhe and [2] Zoltner Deep UV transmission and degradation of fused silica in water disinfection reactor, Poster, IUVA 2016 Vancouver WAVELENGTH [NM] type B_aged in reactor typical values no transmission specification type B_aged per 172nm Xe-excimer lamp 6

7 ASSUMPTION ABOUT A MODEL CALCULATION UVC low pressure lamps Continuously operating reactor Use of the facility: Location: 10 years California (L.A.) => energy costs USD/kWh Performance: UVC LP lamp: 254nmoutput: 300W LP-lamp new 36% (100h) Noblelight NNI300/147XL 821W (reactor) 7

8 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type A: 6% 10.5 UV lamps 69% Invest Energy Spare Service 8

9 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (GERMICIDAL) Sleeve: Type A: Type B: 6% 6% 10.5 UV lamps 6% 10% 10.0 UV lamps 69% 66% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings 9

10 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type A: Type B: Type C: Suprasil 6% 10.5 UV lamps 6% 10% 6% 10.0 UV lamps 7% 7% 9.1 UV lamps 69% 66% 60% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings Invest Energy Spare Service Savings 10

11 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type A: Type B: Type C: Suprasil 6% 10.5 UV lamps 6% 10% 6% 10.0 UV lamps 7% 7% 9.1 UV lamps 69% 66% 60% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings Invest Energy Spare Service Savings Invest (Capex) is almost the same for all different versions approx. 6% normalized over 10 years Energy consumption is the most influential factor, UVC efficiency is important for energy-savings for the 10 years period 11

12 ASSUMPTION ABOUT A MODEL CALCULATION UVC low pressure lamps Continuously operating reactor Use of the facility: Location: 10 years California (L.A.) => energy costs USD/kWh Performance: 300W LP-lamp VUV LP lamp: new 10% 185nm output: 94W (reactor) 12

13 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (TOC / GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type B: 11% 7% 94W => 10.0 UV lamps 22% 60% Invest Energy Spare Service Sleeve Type A would require more than 5 times more UV lamps and is too inefficient for 185nm 13

14 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (TOC / GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type B: Type C: Suprasil 11% 7% 94W => 10.0 UV lamps 5% 94W => 5.1 UV lamps 22% 48% 30% 60% 6% 11% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings 14

15 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (TOC / GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type B: Type C: Suprasil 11% 7% 94W => 10.0 UV lamps 5% 94W => 5.1 UV lamps 22% 48% 30% 60% 6% 11% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings Type B fused silica is not compare to type C (approx. 50% higher expenses). This apply to both, capital expenditure and operation expenditure! 15

16 CONCLUSION FOR DECISION OF OPTIMAL QUARTZ SLEEVE Energy consumption is the most important cost driver Use of fused silica with excellent UVC (and VUV) transmission enables the best possible lamp performance and thus low energy costs (=> environmentally friendly). Quartz material with a stable SiOH 100 ppm indicate a significant better UV resistance (less solarisation and lower risk of devitrification) Quartz material with a stable SiOH 100 ppm allows a significantly longer use (life time) Synthetic fused silica with these properties: is more economical and allows a better cost of ownership although it is significantly more expensive is more environmentally friendly because of less energy consumption 16

17 Acknowledgements: I wish to thank all my colleagues form Heraeus Noblelight and Heraeus Quarzglas, especially Erich Arnold, Erik Roth, Björn Roos and Russ Vales who co-authored this presentation. Place, Date, Author (optional)

18 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Place, Date, Author (optional) KLAUS ZOLTNER HERAEUS QUARZGLAS GMBH & CO KG KLEINOSTHEIM GERMANY

19 ASSUMPTION ABOUT A MODEL CALCULATION UVC low pressure lamps Continuously operating reactor Use of the facility: Location: 10 years USA => energy costs 0.1 USD/kWh Performance: UVC LP lamp: 254nmoutput: 300W LP-lamp new 36% (100h) Noblelight NNI300/147XL 821W (reactor) 19

20 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (10 YEARS) OF SAMPLE REACTOR (L.A.) (GERMICIDAL) Sleeve Type A: Type B: Type C: Suprasil 17% 8% 5% 10.5 UV lamps 8% 15% 10.0 UV lamps 11% 11% 11% 9.1 UV lamps 19% 55% 19% 53% 19% 48% Invest Energy Spare Service Invest Energy Spare Service Savings Invest Energy Spare Service Savings 20