INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad

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1 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Name : HYDRAULICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY Code : A40111 Class : II B. Tech II Semester Branch : Civil Engineering Year : Faculty : Ms T.SIRISHA, Assistant Professor OBJECTIVES To introduce students to the basic concepts which used for construction of channels. 1. Understanding the importance of types of flows, types of channels, economical sections, specific energy, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation of an open channel flow. 2. Dimensional analysis, Rayleigh s method and Buckingham s pi theorem. 3. Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat inclined and curved vanes. 4. Applications to radial flow turbines. 5. Chezy s, Manning s and Bazin formulae for uniform flow. 6. Non uniform flow-dynamic equation for G.V.F., Mild, Critical, Steep, horizontal and adverse slopes, surface profiles. 7. Layout of a typical Hydropower installation, governing of turbines, surge tanks, unit and specific turbines 8. Centrifugal pumps and their performance. 9. To enhance the ability of students to apply mathematics and fundamentals of science for solving engineering problems GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS) S. No QUESTION Blooms 1 P a g e UNIT - I 1 What do you understand by flow in open channel? Understand 1 2 Differentiate between critical, sub critical and super critical flow in open Analyze 1 channel. 3 Explain the terms: i) rapidly varying flow ii) gradually varying flow. Remember 2 4 What is meant by economical section of a channel? Understand 1 5 Explain the terms: i) specific energy of a flowing liquid Evaluate 3

2 ii) minimum specific energy iii) critical depth iv) critical velocity. 6 Explain the term hydraulic jump? Evaluate 3 7 Define the terms :i)afflux ii) back water curve Evaluate 3 8 Explain the terms : mild,critical,steep,horizontal and adverse slopes Remember 3 9 What is meant by energy dissipation? Evaluate 3 10 Write bazin s formula for uniform flow. Remember 1 11 Write down the uses of hydraulic jump. Understand 3 12 Draw a neat sketch of specific energy curve. Evaluate 4 13 Draw a neat sketch of rapidly varied and gradually varied flows. Remember 4 14 Define the terms of section factor and wetted perimeter. Analyze 2 15 What is the significance of Froude number. Understand 3 16 Differentiate between uniform and non-uniform flows. Remember 4 17 Differentiate between steady and unsteady flows. Understand 5 18 Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flows. Remember 2 19 Define slope of the bed. Understand 1 20 Define hydraulic mean depth. UNIT II 1 Define the terms dimensional analysis and model analysis. Remembering 4 2 What do you mean by fundamental and derived units?give examples Analyze 4 3 Explain the term dimensionally homogeneous equation. Analyze 4 4 What are the methods of dimensional analysis? Analyze 4 5 What do you mean by repeating variables? Evaluate 4 6 Define the terms: i) model ii) model analysis 7 What do you mean by dimension less numbers? Understand 4 Remembering 4 8 Explain the terms: i) Geometric similarity ii) kinematic similarity iii) Dynamic similarity. Remembering 4 9 Explain the terms :i)distorted ii ) Undistorted model Evaluate 4 10 State Buckingham s π theorem. Remembering 4 11 What do you mean by repeating variables. Understand 1 12 Define proto type and hydraulic similitude. Evaluate 3 13 Define Reynold s number. Understand 5 14 Define Froude s number. Evaluate 4 15 Define Mach number. Understand 2 16 What are the different laws of dynamic similarity. Evaluate 4 17 What are the uses of distorted models. Understand 3 18 Define inertia and viscous forces. Evaluate 4 19 What is the significance of non-dimensional numbers. Understand 1 20 Give the dimensions of force, viscosity, power and kinematic viscosity. Analyze 2 UNIT - III 1. Define the term impact of jets Understand 5 2. Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the direction of jet. Understand 5 3. Water is flowing through a pipe at the end of which a nozzle is fitted.the diameter of the nozzle 100mm and the head of water at the centre of nozzle is 100 m.find the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed vertical plate evaluate 5 2 P a g e

3 .the coefficient of velocity is given as A jet of water of diameter 50mm moving with a velocity of 40 m/s, strikes a curved fixed symmetrical plate at the centre. Find the force excreted by the jet of water in the direction the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of at the out let of the plate.. 5. Obtain an expression for the force excreted by a jet of water on a flat vertical Evaluate 5 Analyze 5 plate moving in the direction of jet 6. Describe the procedure to draw inlet and out let triangles Evaluate 5 7. What is angular momentum principle? Evaluate 5 8 What are the applications of radial flow turbine? remember 5 9. Discuss about lay out of typical hydro power installation. Evaluate Discuss about types of efficiencies. Analyze 5 11 Explain the force exerted by the jet on a moving plate. Evaluate 1 12 Explain the force exerted by the jet on a stationary plate. Evaluate 3 13 Explain the force exerted by a jet on stationary inclined flat plate. Evaluate 4 14 Explain the force exerted by a jet on stationary curved plate. Evaluate 2 15 Find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 75mm on a ststionary flat Analyze 5 plate, when the jet strikes the plate normally with velocity of 20m/s. 16 Explain the force exerted by a jet on hinged plate. Remember 1 17 A jet of water of 2.5cm diameter, moving with a velocity of 10m/s strikes a hinged square plate of weight 98.1N at the centre of the plate. The plate is of uniform thickness. Find the angle through which the plate will swing. Analyze 4 18 A jet of water diameter 10cm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of 15m/s. the plate is moving with a velocity of 5m/s in the direction of the jet and away from the jet. Find the force and the workdone on the jet. 19 A jet of water diameter 10cm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of 15m/s. the plate is moving with a velocity of 5m/s in the direction of the jet and away from the jet. find the power and efficiency of the jet. 20 A nozzle of 50mm diameter delivers a stream of water at 20m/s perpendicular to a plate that moves away from the jet at 5m/s. find the force, workdone and efficiency of the jet. Analyze 2 Analyze 3 Analyze 5 UNIT IV 1. What is meant by turbine? evaluate 7 2. Discuss about following efficiencies : understand 7 i) hydraulic efficiency ii) mechanical efficiency 3. Discuss about classification of hydraulic turbines. analyse 7 4. Discuss about various parts of pelton wheel. evaluate 7 5. Discuss about various parts of radial flow reaction turbines. Analyze 7 6. What is meant by governing of turbines? evaluate 8 7. What are surge tanks? remember 8 8. Define the following : i) unit speed ii) unit power iii)unit discharge. analyze 8 9. Discuss about specific speed performance of turbine. Evaluate Discuss about cavitation in turbines. remember 8 11 Discuss about following efficiencies : Analyze volumetric efficiency & over all efficiency. 12 Distinguish between operating and runway speed. understand 6 13 What is the critical speed of a hydraulic turbine. understand 5 14 Define the unit quantities for a turbine. understand 2 15 What is the importance of unit quantities. understand 4 16 What are the functions of governing hydraulic turbines. remember 5 17 Draw a neat sketch on impulse turbine. Evaluate 6 3 P a g e

4 18 Show that the efficiency of a pelton wheel is maximum when the velocity of Evaluate 7 the buckets equals half the velocity of the jet. 19 Draw a neat sketch of a typical governor and show its components. understand 8 20 What is a governor and its purpose. understand 9 UNIT V 1 What is meant by pump and discuss about pump installation? Evaluate 9 2 Discuss about classification of pumps? Understanding 9 3 Define the following :i) suction head ii) delivery head iii)static head Remember 9 4 Define the following :i) manometric efficiency ii)mechanical efficiency iii)over all efficiency. 5 What is the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump? Remember 9 6 What is meant by multi stage centrifugal pump? Create 9 7 Discuss about performance of pumps? 8 Draw the characteristic curves of pumps Evaluate 9 9 Discuss about the classification of hydro power plants. Remember Define the following : i) load factor ii)utilization factor iii)capacity factor remember Draw a neat sketch of hydro electric power plants. Create 5 12 What are the different efficiencies of a centrifugal pump. understand 6 13 Enumerate principal components of a hydroelectric scheme along with their Understanding 8 locations and its purposes. 14 Describe the advantages hydro power over thermal power. Evaluate 3 15 Describe the dis advantages hydro power over thermal power. remember 4 16 Distinguish between run off river plants and storage plants. Understanding 2 17 What is the significance of unit power, unit speed and unit discharge. Understanding 7 18 Define a specific speed of a centrifugal pump and its significance. Understanding 1 19 Describe with sketches different component parts of a high head hydropower development and explain their functions. 20 Describe various investigations required in connection with hydro power development. Evaluate 2 Evaluate 2 GROUP - II (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS) S. No QUESTION Blooms UNIT - I 1 Derive an expression for the discharge through a channel by chezy s formula. Analyze 1 2 Derive the conditions for most economical section of a rectangular channel analyze 1 3 Derive the conditions for the best side slope of the most economical creating 1 trapezoidal section. 4 Prove that for a channel of circular section, the depth of flow, d=0.81d D for maximum velocity, and =0.95D for maximum discharge, D=diameter of a circular channel, d= depth of flow. Apply 1 5 Derive an expression for critical depth and critical velocity. Analyze 2 6 Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a given value of specific Apply 2 energy. 7 Derive an expression for the depth of hydraulic jump in terms of upstream Froude number. Creating 3 4 P a g e

5 8 By applying the momentum equation, to open channel flow, =, State the assumptions made in the derivations. 9 Derive the differential equation for steady gradually varied flow open channels and list all assumptions? 10 Prove that the loss of energy head in a hydraulic jump is equal to, Analyze 3 Apply 3 Apply 3 where d 1 and d 2 are the conjugate depths. 11 What do you understand by the terms major energy loss and minor energy understand 5 losses in pipes. 12 Water flows at the rate of 1cumec along a channel of rectangular section evaluate mts in width. Calculate the critical depth, if a standing wave occurs at a point where the upstream depth is 0.25mts. what would be the rise in water level produced and power lost in standing wave. 13 A rectangular channel 2.5m wide carries a water at a depth of 1.2m. the bed evaluate 7 slope of the channel is calculate the average shear stress on the boundary. 14 The and velocity of water downstream of a sluice gate in a horizontal evaluate 9 rectangular channel are 0.4m and 6m/s. examine whether a hydraulic jump can possibly occur in the channel. If so, find depths, head loss and efficiency. 15 A canal of rectangular cross section is to carry 12m 3 /s of water with a evaluate 2 velocity of 2.5m/s. design the most economical section for the canal. Take C=50.also calculate the necessary slope for the bed of the channels. UNIT - II 1 Describe the rayleigh s method for dimensional analysis. apply 4 2 Explain the different types of hydraulic similarities that must exist between a evaluate 4 proto type and it s model? 3 What are the different laws on which models are designed for dynamic creating 4 similarity? where are they used? 4 Show that ratio of inertia force to viscous force gives the reynold s apply 4 number? 5 What is the significance of the non-dimensional numbers : reynold s number Analyse 4, Froude number and mach number in the theory of similarity? what is dimensional analysis? how is this analysis related to the theory of similarity. 6 Explain the process of model testing of partially sub merged bodies? apply 4 7 Explain about the scale ratios for distorted models. analyse 4 8 Determine the dimensions of the quantities given below : i)angular velocity Analyse 4 ii)angular acceleration iii)discharge iv)kinematic viscosity v)force vi)specific weight. 9 Discuss the method of selecting repeating variables. evaluate 4 10 Explain the procedure for solving problems by Buckingham s π theorem. evaluate 4 11 The drag force F D on a sphere in a laminar flow as known to depend on its apply 6 diameter D, velocity of flow V, density of fluid and kinematic viscosity. Obtain an expression for F D using Rayleigh s method. 12 A 1:50 spillway model has a discharge of 1.25m 3 /s. what is the apply 3 corresponding prototype discharge. If a flood phenomenon takes 12hrs to occur in the prototype, how long should it take in the model. 13 A sphere of diameter and density settles at a terminal velocity v in a liquid of apply 4 density and dynamic viscosity. Represent the velocity in terms of other parameters in terms of non-dimensional form using Buckingham pi-theorem g is also a parameter. 14 An under water device of 1.5m long is to move at a speed of 3.5m/s. a evaluate 5 5 P a g e

6 geometrically similar model of 30cm long is tested in a variable pressure wind tunnel at a speed of 35m/s. calculate the prototype drag force. Take ρ water =P p =998kg/m 3. Atmospheric air density =1.17kg/m 3.µ air = µ m =1.9x10-5 =Pa.s and µ water = µ p =1x10-3 Pa.s 15 A distorted model of a rigid bed river has a horizontal scale ratio of 1:1000and a vertical scale ratio of 1:100. What is the flow in the model corresponding to a discharge of 5000 cumecs in the river. Calculate the value of N for the model if that for the river is 0.03.if the flood peak requires 1hr to travel through 100m in the model, how much time would it take to travel the corresponding distance in the river. UNIT III 1 Show that the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed plate in the direction of the jet is given by : F x =ϸav 2 sin 2 ϴ Where a=area of jet, V=velocity of the jet 2 Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed semi circular plate in the direction of jet when the plate strikes the centre of the semi circular plate is two times the force exerted by the jet on an fixed vertical plate. 6 P a g e apply 8 Creating & analyse 5 Evaluate 5 3 For a curved radial vane, find the work done per second? Evaluate 5 4 Differentiate between : i) the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed 5 vertical plate and moving plate, and ii)the force exerted by a jet on a single curved moving plate and series of curved moving plate. Analyse 5 A jet of water of diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 25 m /s impinges on a fixed curved plate tangentially at one end at an angle of 30 0 to the horizontal. Calculate the resultant force of the jet on the plate if the jet is deflected through an angle of Take g= 10m/s 2. Evaluate 5 6 Find the force exerted by a jet on stationary inclined flat plate? Evaluate 5 7 Find the force on the inclined plate moving in the direction of the jet? Evaluate 5 8 Find the force on the curved plate when the plate is moving in the direction Remembering 5 of jet? & Evaluate 9 Find the force exerted by a jet of water on an unsymmetrical moving curved plate when jet strikes tangentially at one of the tips? Understanding 5 10 Find the force exerted on a series of radial curved vanes? Understanding 5 11 Derive an expression for the hydraulic efficiency when a liquid jet strikes a single moving curved vane. 12 A jet of water having a velocity of 35m/s impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 20m/s. the jet makes an angle of 30 0 to the direction of motion of the vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of Draw the velocity triangle and find a) the angles of vane tips so that water enters and leaves without shock. b) workdone/unit weight c) efficiency 13 A circular jet travels water at the rate of 60lit/sec with a velocity of 24m/s. the jet impinges tangentially on a vane moving in the direction of the jet, with a velocity of 12m/s. the vane is so shaped that if stationary it would deflect the jet through an angle Through what angle will it deflect the jet. Also find the workdone/sec. 14 A jet of water of 10cm diameter moving with a velocity of 20m/s strikes a stationary plate. Find the normal force on the plate when the plate is normal to the jet and the angle between the jet and plate is A jet of water having a velocity of 20m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 10m/s. the jet makes an angle of 20 0 with the direction of motion of the vane at outlet. Calculate vane angles and analyse 4 evaluate 9 evaluate 5 evaluate 3 evaluate 2

7 workdone/sec per unit weight of water striking the vane. UNIT IV 1 What is a draft tube? what are its functions? Understanding 7 2 Differentiate between an inward and out ward flow reaction turbine? Evaluate 7 3 What is cavitation? how can it be avoided in reaction turbine? Evaluate 7 4 What do you understand by characteristic curves of a turbine? name the Apply 7 important types of characteristic curves? 5 Define the term governing of turbines? describe with a neat sketch the Evaluate 7 working of an oil pressure governor? 6 A pelton turbine develops 3000 Kw under a head of 300 m.the over all Apply 7 efficiency of the turbine is 83 %. If speed ratio = 0.46, c v =0.98 and specific speed is 16.5, then find : i) diameter of the turbine and ii)diameter of the jet 7 A turbine develops 9000 kw when running at a speed of 140 r. p m and Understand 8 under a head of 30 m.determine the specific speed of the turbine. 8 Derive an expression for specific speed of a turbine. Evaluate 8 9 A water turbine has a velocity of 6 m/s at the entrance to the draft tube and a 8 velocity of 1.2 m/s at the exit. for friction losses of 0.1 m and a tail water 5 m below the entrance to the draft tube, find the pressure head at the entrance. Evaluate 10 A turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 r. p.m. The discharge is 9 cumec. If the efficiency is 90 %, determine : Analyse 8 i) Specific speed of the turbine ii) Power generated and, iii) Type of machine. 11 A Kaplan turbine generates 45MW under a head of 22m. the overall Evaluate 4 efficiency is 90% and the ratio of outlet to hub diameter is calculate speed, specific speed and diameter of the runner. 12 A pelton wheel has a tangential velocity of buckets of 15m/s. the water is Evaluate 6 being supplied under a head of 36m at the rate 20lit/sec. the bucket deflects the jet through an angle of If the coefficient of velocity of the nozzle is 0.98, find the power produced by the turbine. 13 Differentiate between speed ratio and jet ratio in a pelton wheel. What are Apply 5 the ranges of these ratios. 14 A turbine is to operate under a head of 30m and a speed of 300rpm. The Evaluate 3 discharge is 10cumecs. If the efficiency of the turbine is 90% determine specific speed, power generated and type of turbine. 15 Tests are conducted on a franci s turbine of 0.8m diameter under a head of Evaluate 2 9m. the turbine developed 115kw running at 240rpm and consuming 1.2m 3 /s. if the same turbine is operated under a head of 16m predict its new speed, discharge and power. UNIT V 1 Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump with sketches. 2 Differentiate between the volute casing and vortex casing for the centrifugal 9 pump. obtain an expression for the work done by the impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per second per unit weight of water. Evaluate 3 Define the terms i) suction head ii)delivery head iii)static head iv ) Evaluate 9 manometric head 4 What do you mean by manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and Evaluate 9 over all efficiency of a centrifugal pump? 5 Obtain an expression for the work done by the impeller of a centrifugal 4 7 P a g e

8 pump on water per second per unit weight off water. Apply 6 How will you find an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump? Analyze 9 7 What is the difference between single stage and multi stage pump? Describe multi stage pump with a) impellers in parallel b)impellers in series. 8 Define the specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive an expression for the same. 9 How does the specific speed of a centrifugal pump differs from that of a Analyze 9 turbine? 10 What is priming? Why is it necessary? 11 What are the requirements of a governor in hydro power installation evaluate 5 12 What is the function of the following in a centrifugal pump: Understand 4 a)foot valve b)impeller c)delivery valve 13 A four stage pump is required to pump 20.5lps of water against a head of analyze 6 125m at 2400 rpm. find the specific speed of the pump. 14 What are the methods of converting high velocity at impeller periphery in Understand 7 pumps to high pressure. 15 Sketch the velocity triangles at the inlet and outlet of a centrifugal pump identifying the various velocity components. create 3 GROUP - III (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS) S. No QUESTIONS Blooms UNIT - I 1 Find velocity, rate of flow through a rectangular channel of 6mts wide and 3mts deep, when it is running full. The channel is having a bed slope as 1 in 2000.Take Chezy's Constant C=55. 2 Find the discharge of water through a trapezoidal channel of width 8mts and side slope as 1 Horizontal to 3 Vertical.The depth of flow of water is 2.4mts and value of Chezy's Constant,C=50.The slope of the bed of the channel is given 1 in Find the discharge through a rectangular channel of width 2mts,having a analyze bed slope of 4 in 8000.The depth of flow is 1.5mts and take the value of N in Manning's formula as Find the discharge through a rectangular channel 2.5mts wide, Analyze having depth of water 1.5mts and bed e2saslope as 1 in 2000.Take the value of k =2.36mts in Bazin's formula 5 Find the diameter of a circular sewer pipe which is laid at aslope of 1 in 8000and carries a discharge of 800 liters/sec when flowing half full. Take the value of Manning's N= A rectangular channel 4mts wide has a depth of water 1.5mts.The slope of the bed of the channel is 1 in 1000 and value of Chezy's constant C=55 It is desired to increase the discharge to a maximum by changing the dimensions of the section for constant area of cross-section, slope of the bed and roughness of the channel.find the new dimensions of the channel and increase in discharge. 8 P a g e Program analyze 1 analyze analyze 1 Evaluate 1 7 A trapezoidal channel has slopes of 1 horizontal to 2 vertical and the Apply 1

9 S. No QUESTIONS Blooms slope of the bed is 1 in 1500.The area of the section is 40m 2.Find the dimensions of the section if it is most economical. Determine the discharge of the most economical section if C=50. 8 Find the discharge through a circular pipe of diameter of 3mts,if the depth of the water pipe is 1mt and the pipe is lid at a slope of 1 in 1000.Take the value of Chezy s constant as The discharge of water through a rectangular channel of width 8mts is Apply 15m3/sec When the depth of flow of water is 1.2mts.Calculate specific energy of the Flowing water; critical depth and critical velocity; value of minimum specific Energy. 10 The depth of flow of water at certain section of a rectangular channel of 4mts Width is 0.5mts.The discharge through the channel is 16m 3 /sec. If a hydraulic Jump takes place on downstream side. Find the depth of flow after the jump. UNIT II 1 Determine the dimensions of the given quantities ;Discharge, Force, Specific Weight,angular acceleration,dynamic viscosity,kinematic viscosity. 2 The time period of a pendulum depends upon the length of the pendulum, Acceleration due to gravity. Determine expression for time period using Rayleigh s method 3 Find an expression for the drag force on smooth sphere of diameter D with Uniform velocity V in a fluid of density and dynamic viscosity. 4 Efficiency of a fan depends upon density; dynamic viscosity, angular velocity, Diameter, discharge. Express efficiency in dimensionless parameters.using Rayleigh s method 5 Efficiency depends upon density ;dynamic viscosity; angular velocity; Diameter discharge. Express in terms of dimensionless parameters using Bunkhingham s Theorem 6 The pressure difference in a pipe of diameter D and length L due to turbulent Flow depends upon velocity ;viscosity ;density; roughness.using Bunkhingam s Theorem obtain expression for pressure difference. Program Analyze 1 2 Apply 2 Remember 4 Understand 4 Remember 4 Understand 4 Apply 4 Remember 4 7 A pipe of diameter 1.5mts is required to transport an oil of specific gravity 0.90 and viscosity 3X10-2 poise at a rate of 3000litres/sec.Tests were conducted on15cm diameter pipe using water at 20 0 c.find the velocity and rate of flow in the Model. Viscosity of water at 20 0 c is 0.01 poise. 8 Water is flowing thro ugh a pipe of diameter 30cm pipe at velocity of 4m/sec. Find the velocity of oil flowing in another pipe of diameter 10cm.If the condition Of dynamic similarity is satisfied between the two pipes.the viscosity of water and oil is given as 0.01poise and poise. Specific gravity of oil is The ratio of lengths of a submarine and its model is 30:1.The speed of Submarine is 10m/sec. The model is to be tested in a wind tunnel.find the speed Of air in wind tunnel. Also determine the ratio of drag(resistance) between the Model and its prototype. Take the value of kinematic viscosities for sea water And air is given as 1030 kg/m 3 and 1.24kg/m 3 respectively 10 A ship 300 m long moves in a sea water whose density is 1030kg/m 3.1:100 Ratio of model is to be tested in a wind tunnel.the velocity of air in the wind Tunnel around the model is 30m/sec and resistance of the model is 60N. Determine the velocity of ship in sea water and also the resistance of Apply 4 remember 4 Apply 4 Apply 4 9 P a g e

10 S. No QUESTIONS Blooms ship in sea Water.The density of air is 1.24kg/m 3.Kinematic viscosity of sea water and air Are stokes and stokes respectively UNIT III 1 A 7.5 cm diameter jet having a velocity of 30 m /s strikes a flat plate,the normal of which is inclined at 45 0 to the axis of the jet. Find the normal pressure on the plate : i) When the plate is stationary ii) When the plate is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s and away from the jet and also determine the power and efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving. 2 A jet of water of diameter of 100mm strikes a curved plate at its center with a velocity of 15m/s.the curved plate is moving with a velocity of 7 m/s in the direction of jet. The jet is deflected trough an angle of Assuming the plate smooth fine : (1).force exerted on the plate in the direction of the jet. (2) power of the jet (3) efficiency. 3 A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s. the jet makes an angle of 30 0 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of to the direction of vane at outlet. Calculate : 1) Vane angles, if the water enters and leaves the vane with out shock, 2) Work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vanes per second 4 A jet of water of diameter 50mm, having a velocity of 30m/sec. strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 15m/sec = in the direction of jet. The jet leaves the vane at an angle of 60 0, to the direction of motion of vanes at outlet. Determine : 1) Force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion 2) Worked done per second by the jet 5 A jet of water having a velocity of 20m/sec strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 9m/sec. The vane is symmetrical and is so shaped that the jet is deflected through Find the angle of the jet at inlet of the vane so that there is no shock. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and direction and the work done per second per unit weight of water striking? Assume the vane to be smooth. 6 A jet of water, having a velocity of 15m/sec strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 6m/sec in the same direction as that of the jet at the inlet. The vane is so shaped that the jet is deflected through 135 0, the diameter of the jet is 150mm. assuming the vane to be smooth: 1) Find the force exerted by the jet on the vane in direction of motion. 2) Power of the vane 3) Efficiency of the vane 7 A jet of water having a velocity of 30m/sec strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel which is rotating at 300 rpm the jet makes an angle of 30 0 with the tangent to the wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a velocity of 4m/sec at an angle of to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from outward in the radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are o.6m and 0.3 m respectively. Determine: 1) Vane angles at inlet and outlet 2) Work done per second per kg of water. 3) Efficiency of the wheel 8 A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane,moving with a velocity 30 m/sec strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a 10 P a g e Program Analyze 5 Evaluate 5 Evaluate 5 Evaluate 5 Analyze 5 Apply 5 Apply 5 Apply 5

11 S. No QUESTIONS Blooms velocity of 18 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30 0 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 90 0 to the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that water enters and leaves the vane without shock. 9 A jet of water moving at 10 m/s impinges on vane shaped to deflect the jet through when stationary. If the vane is moving at 5 m/s, find the angle of jet so that there is no shock at inlet. What is the absolute velocity of jet at exit in magnitude and direction and the work done per second per unit weight of water striking per second? 10 A jet of water having a velocity of 35 m / s impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 20 m /s the jet makes an angle of 30 0 to the direction of motion of vanes when enterning and leaves at an angle of draw the triangles of velocities at inlet and out let with out shock. i) Find the angles of vanes tips, so that water enters and leaves with out shock ii) The work done per unit weight of water entering the vanes iii) Efficiency. UNIT IV 1 A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 100m/sec with a jet of water at analyze the Rate of 70litres/sec uneder a head of 30mts.The buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 1600.Calculate the power given by water to the runner and the Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume coefficient of velocity as An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters as 1.2 m and 0.6 m respectively. The velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8 m/s.determine i)discharge through the runner, ii)width at outlet if width at inlet =200 mm. 3 A reaction turbine works at 500 r.p.m under a head of 100 m. the diameter of turbine at inlet is 100 cm and flow area is 0.35 m 2.The angles made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 15 0 and 60 0 respectively with the tangential velocity, determine i) The volume rate of flow ii) The power developed iii) Efficiency, assume whirl at outlet to be zero. 4 An outward flow reaction turbine has internal and external diameters of the runner as 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. The guide blade angle is 15 0 and velocity of flow through the runner is constant and equal to 3 m/s. if the speed of the turbine is 250 r.p.m and head on turbine is 10 cm and discharge at out let is radial. Determine : i) Runner vane angles at inlet and out let ii) Work done by the water on the runner per sec per unit weight of water striking per sec and iii) Hydraulic efficiency. 5 A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 70% is required to produce Kw. It is working under a head of 8 m.the peripheral velocity is 3.75 m/s and radial velocity of flow at inlet is m/s.the wheel runs at 200 r.p.m and hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20 % of the available energy assume radial discharge, determine : i) The guide blade angle ii) The wheel vane angle at inlet, iii) Dia of wheel at inlet iv) Width of wheel at inlet. 11 P a g e Program Apply 5 Apply 5 7 Apply 7 Apply 7 analyze 7 analyze 7

12 S. No QUESTIONS Blooms 6 A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 15 m develops Kw shaft power.the outer diameter of runner is 4 m and hub diameter is 2 m.the guide blade angle at the extreme edge of the runner is 30 0.The hydraulic and over all efficiencies of the turbine are 90% and 85% respectively. If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet, determine : i) runner vane angles at inlet and out let, ii) speed of the turbine Program analyze 7 7 A conical draft tube having inlet and out let diameters 0.8m and 1.2 m discharges water at outlet with a velocity of 3 m/s.the total length of draft tube is 8 m and 2m of the length of draft tube is immersed in water.if the atmospheric pressure head 10.3 m of water and loss of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to 0.25 times the velocity head at out let of the tube, find (i)pressure head at inlet and (ii) efficiency of draft tube 8 A turbine is to operate under a head of 30 m at 3oo r.p.m, the discharge is 10 m 3 /s. if the efficiency is 90 %, determine i)specific speed of the machine ii) power generated iii) type of the turbine 9 A turbine develops Kw shaft power when running at 200 r.p.m. the head on the turbine is 40 m. If the head on the turbine is reduced to25 m, determine the speed and power developed by the turbine. 10 A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 0.8 m and is running at 1000 r.p.m.the net head on the pelton wheel is 400 m.if the side clearance angle is 15 0 and discharge through the nozzle is 150 liters /sec. find i) power available at the nozzle, ii) hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. UNIT V 1 The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively. The pump is running at 1000 r. p. m.the vane angles at inlet and outlet are 20 0 and 30 0 respectively. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant.determine the work done by the impeller per unit weight of water. 2 Find the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump through which water is flowing at the rate of 15 litre/s. The internal and external diameters of the impeller are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively. The widths of impeller at inlet and out let are 1.6 cm and 0.8 cm. The pump is running at 1200 r.p. m. The water enters the impeller radially at inlet and impeller vane angle at out let is Neglect losses through the impeller. 3 The diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 20 cm 40 cm respectively. Determine the minimum speed for starting the pump if it works against a head of 25 cm. 4 The diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and out let are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively.the velocity of flow at out let 2.5 m/s and vanes are set back at an angle of 45 0 at out let determine the minimum starting speed of the pump if the manometric efficiency 75%. 5 A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller 40 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm wide at outlet.the vanes are set back at the outlet at 30 0 and reduce the circumferential area by15 %. The manometric efficiency is 85 % and over all efficiency is 75 %.determine the head generated by the pump when running at r.p.m and discharge is 0.06 m 3 /s.find the shaft power also. 6 Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under total head of 156 m. also the pumps are identical and are running at 1000 analyze 7 Apply 8 Apply 8 Apply 8 Analyze 9 12 P a g e

13 S. No QUESTIONS Blooms rpm. The specific speed of each pump is given as 20 while the rated capacity of each pump is 150 litres/sec. 7 The diameter of a centrifugal pump, which is discharging m 3 /s of water against a total head of 25 m is 0.05m the pump is running at 1200 rpm. find the head, discharge and ratio of powerof a geometrically similar pump of diameter 0.3 mwhen it is running at 2000 rpm Program 8 A centrifugal pump rotating at 1000 rpm delivers 160 litres/sec of water against a head of 30 m the pump is installed at a place where atmospheric pressure is 1 X10 5 pa (abs) and vapour pressure of water is 3 k pa ( abs) the head loss in suction pipe is equivalent to 0.2 m of water calculate i) minimum NPSH, ii) maximum allowable height of pump from free surface of water in the sump. 9 A centrifugal pump discharges 0.15 m 3 /sec of water against a head 12.5 m, the speed of the impeller being 600 rpm.the outer and inner diameters of the impeller are 500 mm and 250 mm respectively and the vanes are bent back at 35 0 to the tangent at exit.if the area of flow remains 0.07 m 2 from inlet to out let, calculate : i) manometric efficiency of pump, ii) vane angle at inlet and iii) loss of head at inlet to impeller when the discharge is reduced by 40 % with out changing the speed. 10 A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 40 cm diameter and 2 cm wide at outlet.the vanes are curved back at the out let at 45 0 and reduce the circumferential area by 10 %.the manometric efficiency is 90 %.and the over all efficiency is 80 %.determine the head generated by the pump when running at 1000 rpm delivering 50 liters/sec what should be the shaft horse power? evaluate 9 analyze 9 Prepared By: Ms.T.SIRISHA HOD, CIVIL ENGINEERING 13 P a g e