LAND & WATER PREPARATION

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2 LAND & WATER PREPARATION 1) Land Area: - For best and intensive aquaculture practices, the minimum land required is 1 hectare. Make sure that the land is square in shape. 2) Soil Testing :- Take a soil sample of cms depth and send it for analysis. If the P H values are below the permissible limits it indicates there is an accumulation of organic waste in the pond from your previous aquaculture practices. - Test for nitrogen content should also be done. (To identify the % of Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate existence in the soil) - To obtain desired ph values use probiotics to convert or degrade organic wastage to inorganic compounds/mineralization. 3) Tea Seed Cake:- To kill the existence of any small fishes which enter the pond through water sources like canals and creeks. 4) Water:- Initially a water depth of 2-3 feet should be maintained in the pond for the development of copepods and rotifiers using FRB. 5) Mineral Parameters:- Minerals play a major role in the growth cycle of vannamei. Check for the availability of mineral ratios in the pond using CIBA multiplication factor and ratio analysis as mentioned below. MULTIPLICATION FACTOR Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Chlorides(Cl) Sulphates (So 4 ) RATIO ANALYSIS Ca:Mg Ca:K Ca: TA 1:3.4 1:1 1:1 *Total alkanity should not be more than For example to obtain desired level of Ca in 4ppt salinity bore water, 46.4 ppm of Ca has to be added (4x11.6). - Please use minerals which are of chloride combination i.e : Magnesium chloride, Calcium chloride and Potassium chloride which are available in good purity form. Page 1

3 FERMENTATION PROCESS A) FERMENTION OF RICE BRAN (FRB) Rice bran fermentation is used 10 days before and during initial stages of PL for copepods development in aqua ponds. 1) Requirements: Water ltrs Deoiled ricebran - 20 kg Sea Salt gm (*only for ponds with water below 5ppt) Ag lime - 1 kg Probiotic (BSF-1) - 20 gm ph : 6.9 to 6.5 2) Procedure: a) Take 200 ltrs of water (preferably bore water) in a plastic clean drum. b) Add 20 kg of deoiled ricebran, 500 gm of sea salt and 1 kg of agriculture lime to the water filled drum. c) Adjust initial ph to 6.9 using Ag lime. d) Provide continuous aeration. e) Add 20 gm of probiotic (BSF-1) powder. f) Continue fermentation for 12 to 16 hrs or until ph reduces to 6.5 with slight sweet smell. 3) Notes: - FRB should be done until the turbidity of water reaches 30-40cms. The turbidity of the water can be be measured using secchi disc. - If the turbidity is below 25cms water exchange should be done. If it is above 40 cms FRB should be continued. - Turbidity with above 40cms indicate that the clear visibility of the water which allows the sunrays to fall directly at the bottom of the pond and gradually responsible for the growth of harmful filamentous algae. Page 2

4 B) FERMENTION OF SOYA MEAL (FSM) 1) Requirements: Water Deoiled Soya Sea Salt Agriculture lime Probiotic (BSF-1) - 40 to 50 ltrs - 20 kg gm (*only for ponds with water below 5ppt) gm - 20 gm ph : 6.9 to 6.5 2) Procedure: a) Take ltrs of water (preferably bore water) in a plastic clean drum. b) Add 20 kg of soya flakes, 100 gm of sea salt and 500 gm of Agriculture lime to the water filled drum. c) Adjust initial ph to 6.9 using Agriculture lime. d) Provide continuous aeration. e) Add 20 gm of probiotic (BSF-1) powder. f) Continue fermentation for 12 to 16 hrs or until ph reduces to 6.5 with slight sweet smell. 3) Notes: - For the first 30 days, soya meal needs to be grinded into small fragments. - Feeding method of FSM is to be followed in a routine way as done in commercial feeding. - Daily increase feed to 0.5kg for every 1 lakh P.L(Seed) until 15 days. - Check tray system need to be followed after days. Until then we need to depend on blind feeding. - For every 1kg of FSM add 5gms in check tray to measure the consuming time. - Checking time in check trays need to be increased to 30min more compare to commercial feed time. Commercial: 1.5 hour. FSM: 2 hours check trays per hectare. Page 3

5 Why we need to add only fermented soya? Can we directly use soya for feeding. - De-oiled soya meal contains lot of Anti-Nutritional factors (ANF) such as Trypsin Inhibitors, Phytates and oligosaccharides which will limit the acceptability and utilization of feed by the shrimp. What are the micro-organism utilized in the fermentation process? - Bacillus Sps, Saccharomyces Sps(Active yeast) and Pediococcus Sps. Why should we not use molasses, jaggery or inactive yeast in the fermentation process? - Molasses and Jaggery are a high carbon source which cannot be utilized by the microorganisms for the fermentation process. If we observe the nutritional requirements of deoiled soyameal. For every 100gm there would be 35% of carbohydrates which would be enough for the bacteria to be utilized as its food source during the fermentation process. - SOYA MEAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES serving 100gms Protein : 40-45% Carbohydrates : 30-35% Fiber,Fats, Minerals, Vitamins and others : 30-35% - Dried inactive yeast powder/cake available in the market is available in a pasteurized form. In fermentation we would require live yeast cells or active yeast cells. Do we require blowers to be installed along with the aerators in the pond? - There is lot of advantages in blowers when compared to aerators especially in maintaining stabilized D.O in ponds irrespective of the climatic conditions. Stabilized D.O help in stress free and good growth of the shrimp. - Intensive cultures can be easily followed with a good D.O system. - Blowers are an optional. FSM cultures can also be followed only on aerators. When aerators are used alone we would suggest to go for less than 1 lakh/acre. Do we need to do chain dragging and have a sludge motor installed? - Following chain dragging for every 20days interval will keep the bottom clean as the organic waste moves towards the centre by the centrifugal force created by aerators and is pumped out using sludge motor. Page 4

6 What are the uses of fermented soya meal? - Degradation of ANF - Multiplication of micro-organisms and increase in number of colonies. - 95% no white gut or other bacterial diseases. - Low feed cost - High Immune resistance to the shrimp - Improved content of essential and non-essential amino acids. - No immediate breakdown of unutilized feed particles when compared to commercial feed Probiotics to be used in aquaculture - Every week there is a need for Water/soil probiotic application in the pond. - Water/soil probiotics are divided into two types: a) Aerobic probiotics: These are the microorganisms which survive only in the oxygen rich zone and are responsible for competitive inhibition of other harmful bacteria on the top surface of the pond. Example: Lactobacillus sps, Pediococcus sps and Saccharomyces sps. b) Anaerobic probiotics: These are the microorganisms which survive only in the oxygen poor zone and are used especially for degradation of organic waste/sludge formed due to accumulation of excess feed and faecal matter at the bottom of the pond. Example: Rhodobacter sps, Rhodococcus sps and paracoccus sps. c) Facultative probiotics: These are the microorganisms which survive in both oxygen poor and rich zone. Example Bacillus sps - Non utilization of probiotics leads to oxidation of organic waste and are responsible for release of toxic gases and unwanted microorganisms. Final result would lead to unhealthy pond conditions. Utilization of Disinfectants, Sanitizers,Chemicals and Antibiotics - Do not use any santizers, disinfectants or antibiotics in the culture. This might give an immediate remedy but they are responsible for further consequences. - Sanitizers and disinfectants kill both useful and harmful bacteria in the pond. Once used we need to spend additional money to re establish a probiotic environment in the pond which is a burden for the farmer. Page 5

7 IDEAL WATER PARAMETERS PARAMETER OPTIMUM LEVEL COMMENTS ph Daily fluctuation <0.5 SALINITY 5-30 ppt Daily fluctuation <1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 5-6 ppm Not less than 4 ppm ALKALINITY PPM Depended on ph fluctuation SECCHI DISC 30-40cm --- H 2 S <0.03 ppm More toxic at low ph UNIONIZED AMMONIA <0.1 ppm More toxic at high ph and temperature. UNIONIZED NITRITE <0.5 ppm More toxic at low ph *ppm- parts per million, ppt- parts per thousand CHART ILLUSTRATING THE TOXICITY OF AMMONIA AT DIFFERENT ph LEVELS OTHER WATER PARAMETERS - Microbial colour index - Mineral multiplication factor - Mineral ratio analysis Page 6

8 AERATORS: - Inadequate aerators lead to unclean pond bottoms. - Distance between aerators should be meters. This leads to proper wave current. - Distance from the brink should be 4mts especially during stocking. - After 30 days the distance can be reduced 1 meter towards brink. - More density requires more aerators. - Use long arm aerators. - For 1 hectare pond of square shape the dedicated space for sludge pit should be 30 meters when using long arm aerators. - 1 hectare should have 8 aerators if they are 4 wheels and 2hp each. - Even when doing center sludge drain if aerators are not properly placed and are not enough to push the sludge to the center then the center drain system is of no use. BLOWERS: - Install the required horse power (HP) based on the intensity of the culture. - Prefer two sets of blowers to avoid over load on the motor. - Monitor for stabilized oxygen levels throughout the pond. SLUDGE PIT AND SLUDGE MOTOR: - In intensive culture farming there is a need for sludge pit along with an sludge motor. This helps in removing 50% of the organic sludge from the pond in a periodical interval. Page 7

9 PROBIOTICS USED FOR BIO SHRIMP FARMING 1. BSF -1 : Combination of potent probiotic strains used for fermentation of rice bran and soya. - To be continued for entire crop cycle. - Dosage : 1gm/kg of Rice bran/soya. - Price: INR 3000/kg 2. RETRON P.S : Combination of potent probiotic strains used for degradation of organic waste matter in the water and soil. - To be used weekly once from time of fermentation process. - To be continued for entire crop cycle. - Dosage: 5 liters/acre of 1 meter water depth. - Price: INR 100/Liter 3. BSF -4 : Combination of potent probiotic strains used for growth and immunity of shrimp. - To be used weekly once from Day 1 of fermentation process. - To be continued until end of crop cycle. - Dosage : 500 gms/acre of 1 meter water depth.(intensive FARMING) - Dosage: 250 gms/acre of 1 meter water depth. (REGULAR FARMING) - Price: INR 4000/kg FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT : RETRON PROBIOTICS PVT LTD #D.NO: , 3 RD Floor, Beside lorry association hall, Near benz circle, Chandramoulipuram, Vijayawada-10 Andhra Pradesh. INDIA. Ph: , Page 8