Current Status of Nuclear Power in Japan

Transcription

1 Current Status of Nuclear Power in Japan The 2 nd World Nuclear Energy Development Forum April 28, 2017 Akio Takahashi President JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM,INC Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC

2 Contents I. Current Status of NPPs in Japan II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS (1F) III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F IV. Post-Fukushima Safety Enhancements V. Challenges and Issues VI. Final Message Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 1

3 I. Current Status of NPPs in Japan Status of Restarted NPPs Tomari ➊➋➌ Kashiwazaki Kariwa ➊➋➌➍➎➏➐ Shika ➊➋ Tsuruga ➊➋ Mihama ➊➋➌ Ohi ➊➋➌➍ Takahama ➊➋➌➍ Shimane ➊➋ Hamaoka ➊➋ ➌➍➎ Legend: Restarted Units Units to be decommissioned Higashidori ➊ Onagawa ➊➋➌ Fukushima Daiichi ➊➋➌➍➎➏ Fukushima Daini ➊➋➌➍ Tokai ➊ Tokai Daini ➊ Ikata ➊➋➌ Sendai ➊➋ Genkai ➊➋➌➍ Source: Meeting of Federation of Electric Companies of Japan (FEPC), Nov. 22, 2016 Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 2

4 Licensing application for regulatory requirement compliance from operators Tsuruga 2 I. Current Status of NPPs in Japan Status of License Application for Restart BWR plants 1 Assessment of application for permission for change in reactor installation license Deliberation on earthquake & tsunamis (designbasis earthquake ground motion) Deliberations on plant facilities Kashiwazaki Kariwa 6-7 Tomari 1-3 *Revise as necessary Draft Assessment Report by NRA Ohi 3-4 Public Comments 2 Review of application for approval of construction plan (Detailed Design) 3 Review of application for approval of technical specifications Genkai 3-4 Permission (End of Assessment 1) *Revise as necessary Mihama 3 2 Approval *Revise as necessary Takahama 1-2 Application *As of Feb. 22, 2017 Preparation for Restart Preoperational Inspection 3 Approval Sendai 1-2 Takahama 3-4 Ikata 3 Restart Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC Source: FEPC Local Consent (before restart) 3 3

5 Fuel debris removal Fuel removal from spent fuel pool II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Roadmap for Decommissioning Dec Unit 1 Demolition of building covers, rubble removal, cover installation Fuel Removal Unit 2 Demolition of upper buildings, cover installation Fuel Removal Unit 3 Cover installation Fuel Removal Confirmation of status inside containment vessels, consideration of fuel debris removal methods, etc. Fuel debris Removal/Decision on disposal method of fuel debris 30 to 40 years needed to complete decommissioning Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC Source: Meeting of METI s Team for Countermeasures for Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Treatment 4

6 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Installation of Unit 3 Fuel Removal Cover Fuel handling machine Measures taken against rainfall Crane Unit 3, Mar Fuel removal cover Unit 3 Operating floor, Mar Installation of fuel removal cover (conceptional drawing) Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 5

7 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS PCV Internal Investigation Purpose: To obtain current situation inside the containment vessel and its surroundings to ensure smooth removal of fuel debris. Primary Containment Vessel (PCV) Dry Well Reactor Pressure Vessel Spent Fuel Pool Possible fallen debris Through-hole (X-100B Penetration) Reactor Pressure Vessel Platform 32m Enlargement Grating Opening Pedestal Pedestal Reactor Building Diameter:18m Cross Section of Reactor Building (Bird s eye view) Suppression Chamber (S/C) Bottom of Containment Vessel (Sectional View) Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 6

8 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Self-Propelled Investigation Device for Unit 1 Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 7

9 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Self-Propelled Investigation Device for Unit 2 Rear camera Rear light When inserted into a guiding pipe When moving forward Front camera w/ built-in lighting When investigating inside the pedestal Rare light direction Rare light direction Front camera direction Front camera direction Front camera direction Rare light direction Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 8

10 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS On-Site Tanks for Contaminated Water Treatment Source: Internet Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 9

11 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Improving On-Site Working Environment Anorak area Coverall area Standard working clothes area Constant dust monitoring Full-face mask Full or half face mask Disposable mask Anorak on top of Coverall Coverall Standard Staff wear or Coverallx2 Areas not requiring full-face masks increases Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 10

12 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Improving On-Site Working Environment Paving work Tank installation work On-site workers working in standard working clothes Source: TEPCO HD Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 11

13 II. Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPS Sea Area Monitoring Status The radioactive material concentration in the sea area by one- 1,000,000 th after the accident Bq/l North of Units 5&6 Discharge Outlet Completion of Seaside Impermeable Wall Closure(Oct 26,2015) Bq/l Front of Shallow Draft Quay /11 Bq/l 12/4 13/8 14/12 16/5 17/ Front of Unit 1-4 water-intake /11 12/4 13/8 14/12 16/5 17/9 Concentration Limit Specified by the Rule Cesium 137: 90Bq/L Cesium 134: 60Bq/L Continuous Radiation Monitor Seaside Impermeable wall /11 12/4 13/8 14/12 16/5 17/9 Bq/l Near South Discharge Outlet Source: TEPCO HD /11 12/4 13/8 14/12 16/5 17/9 Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 12

14 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Transition of Evacuation Zone August 2013 April 2017 Difficult-to-return zone Restricted residential zone Evacuation order to be lifted Former evacuation zone Source: Meeting material for the 45 th Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters Meeting ( Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 13

15 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Changes in Radioactivity Level Results of Airborne Radiation Monitoring (Map of air dose rate 1m above ground surface) Significant Drop Nov. 5, 2011 (8 months after accident) Oct. 15, 2016 (5 years & 7 months after accident) Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC Source: Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan 14

16 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Radiation Status in Fukushima Pref. Source: Steps for Revitalization in Fukushima (Dec. 5, 2016 edition), Fukushima Pref. Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 15

17 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Changes in Hirono Town Hirono Station (east side) Elevated disaster prevention green area (10.7m higher than original ground level) New public restoration housing ready for move-in, Oct New office building opened in Mar Photo credit: Hirono Town Photo by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 16

18 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Changes in Okuma Town TEPCO Housing Units for single staff Fukushima Meal Supply Center Photo by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 17

19 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Changes in Tomioka Town Front of Tomioka Station after tsunami Station square to be completed in 2017 spring Before construction Under construction Public restoration housing (ready for move-in in April 2017) Photo credit: Tomioka Town Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 18

20 III. Current Status of Areas Surrounding 1F Changes in Naraha Town View from Tenjinmisaki ( ) View from Tenjinmisaki ( ) Scene of Naraha ( ) Public restoration housing (move-in began in Nov. 2016) Photo by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 19

21 IV. Post-Fukushima Safety Enhancements Comparison between Past and New Regulatory Requirements Source: Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 20

22 IV. Post-Fukushima Safety Enhancements Improved Safety Measures External power supply enhancement Filter vent (PWR: to be used 5 yrs later) Portable pump Water supply vehicle Specific safety facilities (to be used 5 yrs later) - Emergency control room - Power, water supplies, etc. Reactor Building Use of fire resistant cables and multiplexing piping Wheel loader (for removing debris) Portable power supply vehicle Watertight door against flooding Implemented on July 8, 2013 Investigation of active faults Seawall against tsunamis Setting of standard for tsunamis Source: Chubu EPC Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 21

23 IV. Post-Fukushima Safety Enhancements Tsunami Countermeasures by Hamaoka NPS (Chubu EPC) Tsunami protection wall (22m) Cement-mixed soil embankment Source: Chubu EPC Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 22

24 IV. Post-Fukushima Safety Enhancements Voluntary Measures for Safety Enhancement Voluntary Measures Improving methods of risk assessment & decision-making Identifying areas for improvement Conducting further discussions on safety enhancement Improving abilities to respond to emergencies Establishing a system of cooperation How to achieve? Base on appropriate combinations of assessment results, engineering judgments, etc. Through peer reviews and responses Base on peer review results Through operation of the Mihama Nuclear Emergency Assistance Center Through collaboration among nuclear operators Source: FEPC Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 23

25 V. Challenges and Issues COP21 Commitment Future Energy Mix of Japan 44% emission-free generation sources in % total CO2 emission reduction compared with 2013 Energy Mix Nuclear 29% 1% 20 to 22% Renewable 10% 11% 22 to 24% Thermal 61% 88% 56% CO2 emissions total 1.304Gt 1.408Gt 1.042Gt 26% CO2kg/kwh Complied by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 24

26 Electricity Generation V. Challenges and Issues Life Extension & Decommissioning 300 (TWh) Nuclear in Energy Mix 20%~22% 40 years 60 years Year Complied by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 25

27 V. Challenges and Issues Life Extension & Decommissioning NPPs in Japan to be Decommissioned (as of April 2017) Complied by JAIF Plant Name Commercial Operation 1 Tokai GCR 2 Hamaoka BWR 3 Hamaoka BWR Reactor Type 4 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-3) 5 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-4) 6 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-4) 7 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-4) 8 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-4) 9 Fukushima Daiichi BWR (BWR-5) 10 Tsuruga BWR (BWR-5) 11 Mihama PWR W(2 loop) 12 Mihama PWR M(2 loop) 13 Genkai PWR M(2 loop) 14 Shimane BWR (BWR-3) 15 Ikata PWR M(2 loop) Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 26

28 前回調査全体今回調査全体男性 Male 代男性 30 代男性 40 代男性 50 代男性 60 代女性 Female 代女性 30 代女性 40 代女性 50 代女性 60 代学生 V. Challenges and Issues Efforts to Improve Public Understanding Period: Dec , 2016 Target: Adults aged Regarding Use of Nuclear Power Previous poll (overall) This poll (overall) 10s-20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 10s-20s 30s 40s 50s 60s Public Poll on Nuclear Power Area covered: Japan nationwide (major metropolitan cities) 賛成であるSample どちらかというと賛成である size: 3,800 どちらともいえない Method: Internet どちらかというと反対である survey 反対である Agree Somewhat Agree Neutral Somewhat Disagree Disagree Conducted by JAIF Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 27 (%) 100% 賛成

29 V. Challenges and Issues Dispelling Unfounded Fears and Rumors Reference Values for Cesium Concentration in Foods Japan ( ) Codex Alimentarious Commission EU (Products distributed within the EU) [Unit: Bq/kg] U.S.A. Drinking water Milk General food Baby food Note: As seen in the next slide, the assumptions for calculating reference values vary; thus the reference values can be quite different and are not directly comparable. An intergovernmental organization issuing international food standards (Codex Standards), established in 1963 by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations. Source: Basic Information on Radiation Risk, Cabinet Office, Et Al. (February 2016) Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 28

30 V. Challenges and Issues Dispelling Unfounded Fears and Rumors Reference Values for Cesium Concentration in Foods Assumptions in calculations of reference values Standard Limit Assumption Japan Codex Alimentarius Commission EU Upper limit of additional effective dose by food ingestion at 1 msv/year Based on the Operational Intervention Level of 1 msv/year (below which no need for special measures) Additional exposure dose of not more than 1 msv/year 50% of general foods are contaminated at levels equivalent to the reference value. Given that marketed milk and baby food are mostly domestically produced, the effective dose from them is half the reference value for general foods. 10% of all foods come from radioactively contaminated areas. 10% of all foods for human consumption in a lifetime are contaminated at levels equivalent to regulation values. U.S.A. Effective dose of 5 msv/year 30% of all food intake is radioactively contaminated. Source: Basic Information on Radiation Risk, Cabinet Office, Et Al. (February 2016) Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 29

31 V. Challenges and Issues Dispelling Unfounded Fears and Rumors Efforts to Ensure Safety of Food in Fukushima Monitoring of Fukushima Food Products Fukushima Prefecture conducts repeated inspections on all local food products in each stage of production, distribution and consumption, in order to ensure their safety. Only primary products certified to be safe through multiple inspections in each stage are shipped out to the market. Food Types # of Inspected Cases Cases Exceeding Standard Limits Ratio Brown rice (2006 grown) 8,600, % Fruits & vegetables 2, % Livestock 2, % Cultivated mushrooms % Marine fish & shellfish 4, % Farm-raised fish % Edible wild plants & mushrooms 1, % Freshwater fish % No single case exceeding inspection standard limits! Data collected between (Brown rice: ) Source: Steps for Revitalization in Fukushima (Dec. 5, 2016 edition), Fukushima Pref. Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 30

32 VI. Final Message 知己知彼, 百战百胜 ( 孙子兵法 ) To know one s own strength and the enemy s is the sure way to victory. (The Art of War by Sun Tzu) Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 31

33 Thank you very much for your attention. Akio Takahashi Copyright JAPAN ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, INC 32