REVIEW PROCESS OF WATER MOVEMENT IN SOIL IN THE SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING A SIMULATION MODEL HYDRUS-1D

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1 Scetfc Papers. Seres A. Agroomy, Vol. LV-0 ISSN Ole ; ISSN-L REVIEW PROCESS OF WATER MOVEMENT IN SOIL IN THE SPRINLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING A SIMULATION MODEL HYDRUS-D Amrpouya SARRAF, Saeed SAFARI DOLATABADI, Morteza SALEHPOOR Faculty member of agrcultural Dept, Islamc Azad Uversty, Roudehe Brach, Roudehe-Ira, E-mal: Sarraf@rau.ac.r Faculty member of agrcultural Dept, Islamc Azad Uversty, Roudehe Brach, Roudehe-Ira Faculty member of agrcultural Dept, Islamc Azad Uversty, Roudehe Brach, Roudehe-Ira Correspodg author e-mal: amrpooya@hotmal.com Abstract I the preset study, how water moves sols the sprkler rrgato system has bee cosdered. Accordg to prelmary sol ad water formato, sol physcal ad expermetal parameters, cumulatve amouts of put flow upstream, Cumulatve amouts absorbed by the roots ad values of the cumulatve output flow dowstream, have bee estmated. Sucto chages, mosture, hydraulc coductvty ad flow depth at dfferet tmes durg the smulato have bee determed by HYDRUS-D Software. At the ed, the sol mosture characterstcs curve ad Sucto relatoshp wth hydraulc coductvty was also determed. ey words: Smulato, Sprkler System rrgato, Water movemet, HYDRUS-D. INTRODUCTION HYDRUS-D s oe of the advaced models assocated wth oe-dmesoal movemet of water, solutes ad heat the sol []. The metoed model has bee developed by (Smuek, et,.al) Amerca Sol Salty Laboratory [9]. Ths model volves the umercal soluto of Rchards's equato for water movemet sol ad release ad trasfer equatos for heat ad solute movemet sol. Relevat equatos ths model have bee solved usg fte dfferece. Ths model ca smulate root growth terms of saturated ad usaturated codtos ad has the ablty to estmate sol hydraulc characterstcs ad solute trasport wth verse method [, ]. May of Subsurface water polluto problems are happeed due to the smultaeous of water flow, solute, heat trasfer ad Bo chemcal processes. Models based o these processes ca also be valuable tools for studyg the movemet of a wde rage of orgac ad orgac substaces ad pollutats from hydrologc ad geochemcal codtos [, 7]. I water; sol ad vegetato system, rafall, rrgato ad capllary rse are the usaturated zoe puts. Deep percolato ad draage are the outputs of usaturated zoe. Evapotrasprato from sol ad plats s also the output. HYDRUS software has the ablty to smulate water movemet, salts, heat, carbo doxde ad water uptake by roots both saturated ad usaturated zoe. Goverg equatos Oe-dmesoal moto of water sol usg umercal soluto of Rchards's equato the model ca be expressed as follows [8]: h S t x ( )( cos) x :Volumetrc mosture ( ) :Usaturated hydraulc coductvty h :Matrx sucto :Agle betwee flow drecto ad the vertcal axs 0 ()

2 S :Water uptake by roots x :Dstace t Tme HYDRUS-D Model to smulate water movemet sol, Solves the Rchards equato usg lear fte elemets model [, ]. I ths model, to descrbe features such as hydraulc sol mosture curve ad usaturated hydraulc coductvty, umbers of relatoshps are defed. Mualem-Va Geuchte (980) s the most commo relatoshp show follows (0): s r h r m h m () m m ( Se ) h sse () r: Resdual mosture s: Saturated mosture m & l : Expermetal parameters s : Saturated hydraulc coductvty Se: Relatve saturato Water uptake by roots (S term equato ) o water uptake by plats per ut sol volume per ut tme s determed. I ths model, S, based o the relatoshp betwee Feddes et, al (978) s defed as follows: h hs P S h: Fucto of water stress S : Potetal of water absorpto P Soluto Method: HYDRUS-D model for smulate water movemet sol, Solves Rchards equato usg lear fte elemets patter. Sce the oe-dmesoal, lear model of fte elemets ad fte dffereces are smlar, the equato () wth a o-explct fte dfferece model has bee followg dscrete:, k, k, k, k, k, k k h k h h,, S t x x x x (5) t t t (6) x x x, x x x, x x x (7), k, k, k, k, k, k, (8), are referred to The locato of etwork pots, k ad k, to terato, ad, as dfferet steps. The mass coservato by (Cela et al., 990), to become part of the frst relato to matrx sucto s used:, k, k, k, k, k h h C (9) t t t C, refers to Sol water capacty. (Cela et al., 990) method has show that the mass balace has bee successful mmzg the error. Wth replacg equato () equato () after placg the order smple, the followg equato s obtaed:, k, k P h F (0) W W So terms of solvg the above equato over the feld, a dagoal system of equatos ca be obtaed that s solved stadard method such as Gauss elmato. Procedure geerally cossts of three parts, preprocessg software, ad the process s calculated. Data etry s doe a pre-processg step. Rchards's equato s solved usg the fte elemet method Secto II ad fally, the model output data s obtaed after processg. Ths data cludes smulato tme, umber of replcates at each tme step, the cumulatve umber of teratos, the flow chages the upstream boudary, the total cumulatve flow the upstream, the cumulatve water uptake by roots, the total cumulatve output flow the dowstream, Matrx sucto the upstream, dowstream, ad by the roots [4]. Cosequetly, the purpose of ths study s to use HYDRUS-D model to smulate water movemet sol, sol hydraulc parameters to evaluate chages depth durg the rrgato perod. MATERIAL AND METHOD Sols studed, homogeeous, sgle-layer texture s loam. Sol depth s 00 ad the tal mosture cotet s measured 4% by volume. Sprklg testy s about 0.06 cetmetres per mute ad rrgato tme s.5 hours. A property of ths model s mass balace estmato tme steps. 0

3 I ths research, calculatg the total balace the sol profle s cosdered. Start tme calculato usually starts from zero, but ot always. I ths study, the umber zero (start of rrgato) has bee cosdered. Also, the rrgato tme s.5 hours ad the optoal ut s mutes. As a result, 8 mutes, as calculatos are termated. For more accurate smulatos, we cosdered 9 outputs utl the model oce every 90 mutes; determe the amout of sucto, flow ad mosture cotet. The umber of teratos s cosdered 0 that represet the maxmum terato for each tme step ( t ). Model wth a varable t s startg smulato. Thus, gve a tal value t for the model calculatos ca start. If the model, evaluate approprate codtos, multply ths value more tha a multplcato factor ad crease t ad poor codto, ths value multpled by a coeffcet less tha ths value ad ts value decreases. Thus, f the amout of calculated tme steps ( t ) s small, the model ca cosder the value of a coeffcet equal. ad creases ( t ) ad f the value of ( t ) s large, s capable by takg of values equal to 0.7, reduce the tme step ( t ). Cosequetly, the loam sol texture ad the possblty of predctg sol parameters usg the eural etwork cosdered model, parameters of resdual mosture, mosture saturato, ad saturated hydraulc coductvty ad values of emprcal equato are determed. These values are show table (). Boudary codto at the upstream s the costat flow ad Dowstream has bee cosdered as a free draage. The put flow rate s -0.0 cetmetres per mute that cosdered as upstream boudary codtos for the model. r ( ) s ( ) 0.99 s ( ) d.04 ( ) l 0.5 The umbers of repeated ad cumulatve values over tme are show fgures ad. Total umber of teratos of the smulato s repeated 7. The model result, chages the upstream boudary, the cumulatve amout of put the upstream boudary, the cumulatve flow that has adsorbed ts roots that ths research ts value s Zero. Cumulatve sum of the output of the dowstream boudary of ts value s () that s almost equal to zero. Because the upstream boudary s drect cotact wth the water ad s almost saturated, after 80 mutes the amout of sucto s sgfcat ad approachg zero. Matrx sucto o the dowstream boudary s equal to -9 () ad s costat throughout the smulato perod followg fgures to 6. Sucto chages, mosture, hydraulc coductvty ad flow depth at dfferet tmes durg the smulato are show fgures 7 to 0. I gve fgures, cosderg rrgato tme that s equal to 80 mutes ad 9 selected smulatos perod, Results are show oce every 90 mutes. Sol mosture reteto curve ad hydraulc coductvty assocated wth sol sucto are show fgures ad. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Sol values were estmated by the model s show the table. After smulato, the output of the program, the smulato tme (0 to 80 m) s dsplayed. The umber of teratos s specfed the tme step that s usually betwee 4 to 6 reps. Results related to Fg.. The umber of teratos each tme 04

4 Fg.. Cumulatve amout of teratos the smulato Fg. 6. The amout of sucto o the upstream boudary Fg. 7. Sucto chages wth sol depth at dfferet tmes Fg.. Cumulatve amout of comg water from upstream Fg. 8. Sol mosture chages wth depth at dfferet tmes Fg. 4. Cumulatve output of the dowstream water Fg. 9. Sol hydraulc coductvty chages wth depth at dfferet tmes Fg. 5. The amout of sucto o the dowstream boudary 05

5 REFERENCES Fg. 0. Flow chages wth sol depth at dfferet tmes Fg.. The relatoshp betwee sucto ad mosture cotet, mosture reteto curve Fg.. The relatoshp betwee sucto ad hydraulc coductvty [] Behbahaa, A., Sarraf, A. P., 0. Smulate the trasport of ckel sols affected by wastewater ad sludge usg HYDRUS-D model. erma-ira. Frst Iteratoal Coferece o Modellg plat, water, sol ad ar, erma-ira. [] Abbas, F., 005. Smulato of water movemet sol usg HYDRUD-D Model. Workshop o Modelg Irrgato ad Draage. Iraa Natoal Commttee o Irrgato ad Draage, Tehra-Ira. [] Ghorba, M. A., Farsad, D., Jahagr, H., Chabokpour, J., Fath, P., 009. Water Egeerg Softwares. Nourpardaza Publshg, Tehra-Ira. [4] Hoar, M.R., Shamsa, S. A., Laghat, A., Gholam, A., 0. Smulato of water movemet sol usg HYDRUD-D Model. The frst atoal coferece o agrculture ad sustaable developmet, opportutes ad challeges ahead., Islamc azad Uversty, Shraz Brach., Shraz-Ira. [5] Cela, M. A., Bououtas, E.T., Zarba, R.L., 990. A geeral mass-coservatve umercal soluto for the usaturated flow equato. Water Resour. Res., 6: [6] Feddes, R.A., owalk, P., Zarady, H., 978. Smulato of feld water use ad crop yeld. Pudoc. Wagege, pp. 89. [7] Jacques, D., Smuek, J., Mallats D., Va Geuchte, M.Th Modellg Coupled Water flow, Solute trasport ad geochemcal reactos affectg heavy metal mgrato a podzol sol. Geoderma. 45 : [8] Smuek, J., Jacque, D., Va Geuchte, M.Th., Malleats D., 006. Multcompoet Geochemcal Trasport Modelg usg Hydrus- D ad HP. Joural of the Amerca Water Resources Assocato. 4(6): [9] Smuek, J., Sea, M., Sato, H., Saka, M., Va Geuchte, M.Th., 009. The HYDRUS -D Software Package for Smulatg the Oe - Dmesoal Movemet of Water, Heat, ad Multple Solutes Varably Saturated Meda, Verso.4/08, HYDRUS Software Seres, Departmet of Evrometal Sceces, Uversty of Calfora Rversde, Rversde, Calfora, USA, pp. 5. [0] Va Geuchte, M.Th., 980. A closed-form equato for predctg the hydraulc coductvty of usaturated sols. Sol Sc. Soc. Am. J., 44, [ Vrugt, J.A., Hopmas J.W., Smuek, J., 00. Calbrato of a two-dmesoal root water uptake model. Sol Scece Socety of Amerca Joural. 65(4),