GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT

Transcription

1 GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT CONTENTS A. Project title B. Project description C. Proof of project eligibility D. Unique Project Identification E. Outcome stakeholder consultation process F. Outcome sustainability assessment G. Sustainability monitoring plan H. Additionality and conservativeness deviations Annex 1 ODA declarations 1

2 SECTION A. Project Title Kocaeli Landfill Gas to Electricity Project Turkey SECTION B. Project description Estimated start date of construction: Kocaeli Landfill Gas to Electricity Project (hereafter referred to as the Proposed Project ) developed by Körfez Enerji A.Ş. (hereafter referred to as the Project Participant ), is a landfill gas recovery and utilization project at the site of Solaklar Landfill Area in Solaklar District, Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Solaklar Landfill Area has been built in 1997 as a sanitary landfill area under the responsibility of İZAYDAŞ 1 and is the biggest landfill area in Kocaeli Municipality. With a total area of approximately 3 million square meters, the landfill accepts municipal wastes since operated. The landfill area has received an average of 630 ton/day 2 MSW, with an accumulated waste storage of approximately 3 million ton. The landfill gas (LFG) is released into the atmosphere without any collection, flaring or utilization till the project activity. On , İZAYDAŞ has transferred the right of use of the closed lots to the Project Participant. Based on the agreement with İZAYDAŞ, the Project Participant has the right to recover the landfill gas and generate electricity by utilization of the LFG from the closed lots. The proposed project activity involves, preparing the landfill area for collection of LFG, recovery of LFG gas and utilization of the recovered LFG through gas engines to generate electricity. The generated electricity will be delivered to the national electricity system. It is estimated that the LFG will support approximately 2MW of installed capacity, which will be covered by installing two gas engines with a nominal capacity of 1.2 MW each. Any excess of LFG gas will be flared in an enclosed flare system. It is expected that the electricity generation will reach approximately to 15,000 MWh/year 3 and will be delivered to the national electricity system through a transformer substation. The baseline scenario is the same as the existing scenario, which the municipal waste is 1 ĐZAYDAŞ (Kocaeli Waste Incineration and Waste Management CO) is an affiliated company of Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. 2 Currently receiving approximately 1000 ton/day MSW. 3 This value is the estimated maximum amount of electricity generation in year

3 deposited and left for decay at the landfill site, leading to generate and release of large amounts of landfill gas. Landfill gas is one of the largest sources of methane emissions to the atmosphere and typically contains 50% of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. GHG emission reductions will be achieved by two means. - By collection and destruction of methane by power generation, and; - Displacing an equal amount of electricity generated by power plants connected to the electricity system. The total estimated GHG emission reductions of the proposed project activity are estimated to reach a total of 701,347 tco 2 eq within the first crediting period. 3

4 SECTION C. Proof of project eligibility C.1. Scale of the Project Please tick where applicable: Project Type Large Small C.2. Host Country Turkey 4

5 C.3. Project Type Please tick where applicable: Project type Yes No Does your project activity classify as a Renewable Energy project? Does your project activity classify as an End-use Energy Efficiency Improvement project? Please justify the eligibility of your project activity: According to Gold Standard v2.1 rules, the eligibility of the project activity is defined by several aspects. The justification of the project eligibility aspects is discussed as followed. Scale of the project activity: Kocaeli Landfill Gas to Electricity Project (hereafter referred as the proposed project activity is a renewable energy project, which involves LFG coverage and utilization of the LFG for electricity generation. The total capacity for the electricity generation is planned to reach approximately 2.5 MW. As the planned installed capacity is below the small scale threshold of 15 MW defined by UNFCCC resources and above the values set for micro scale projects under the GS resources. However the expected emission reductions could exceed tco2e/year threshold for small scale project activities, therefore the project activity has been developed as large scale project activity. Host country or state: As Turkey has no cap on GHG emissions, the GS VERs does not need to be backed up by allowances or other denominated units reflecting emission reductions. Type of project activity: The proposed project activity falls under the Renewable Energy Supply Category as the project activity involves generation and delivery of energy services (electricity in this case) from non-depletable energy sources. According to GS v2.1 Toolkit (p23), landfill gas to energy projects are considered to be non-depletable energy source. Official Development Assistance (ODA): According to GS rules, a project is not eligible for Gold Standard registration if it receives ODA under the condition that the credits coming out of the project are transferred, directly or indirectly, to the donor country requirements. No ODA is received or benefited for the proposed project activity. An ODA 4 declaration will be attached to the Gold Standard Passport. 4 Turkey is listed under the Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories of the DAC List of ODA recipients. Reference 5

6 Greenhouse gases: The project activity involves reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Methane (CH4) and only these two mentioned GHGs are included in the project boundary, which are eligible under Gold Standard. Project timeframe: The proposed project was not previously announced to go ahead without the revenues from carbon credits. The start of project activity is marked as , while the LSC meeting was held on 1 st of December Therefore the project falls under the regular project cycle. Other certification schemes: The proposed project activity does not claim Green or White Certificates or any other equivalents. In addition, according to Gold Standard Toolkit version 2.1; to be eligible under the Gold Standard, the proposed project activity must contribute positively to at least two of the three categories and neutral the third (Environment, Social Development and Economic and technological development). Since the proposed project activity contributes positively to all three of the categories, the project is eligible under Gold Standard. Based on the above arguments it can be concluded that the proposed project activity is eligible as Gold Standard VER project activity. Pre Announcement Yes No Was your project previously announced? The proposed project activity was not previously announced to be going ahead without the revenues from carbon credits. 6

7 C.4. Greenhouse gas Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide C.5. Project Registration Type Project Registration Type Regular Pre-feasibility assessment Retroactive projects (T.2.5.1) Preliminary evaluation (eg: Large Hydro or palm oil-related project) (T.2.5.2) Rejected by UNFCCC (T2.5.3) If Retroactive, please indicate Start Date of Construction dd/mm/yyyy: 7

8 SECTION D. Unique project identification D.1. GPS-coordinates of project location Latitude Longitude Coordinates 40 47'14.83" N 30 1'33.60" W Explain given coordinates The coordinates represent the centre point of the proposed project activity. 8

9 D.2. Map GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT 9

10 SECTION E. GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT Outcome stakeholder consultation process E.1. Assessment of stakeholder comments Two stakeholders consultation meetings were organized regarding the proposed project activity. The first meeting was held on and has been organized according to the guidelines in the Gold Standard Toolkit v2.1. The stakehoders were identified based on Table 2.8 of the Toolkit and they were invited to the meeting via s, fax and delivery of the invitations by hand. When possible participation was confirmed in order to make the necessary arrangements for those who would be picked up to be taken to the meeting. Also a minibus was arranged to pick up the locals and the muchtar from the village to the meeting location. The stakeholders have been identified based on Table 2.8 of the Toolkit. Local residents, local and national policy makers, universities, press, and GS supporting NGOs have been invited. Kayapinar, Durhasan and Karadenizliler neighbourhoods have been identified as relevant stakeholder, and their elected representatives (Muhtar) have been invited. The muhtars were asked specifically to encourage locals to attend the meeting. Several hardcopies of nontechnical project description was also delivered to village headmans to be shared with any local interested in the project activity. Officials from IZAYDAS A.S. (Izmit Waste and Residue Treatment and Incineration and Recycling Co. Inc.) and several others from the Izmit municipality have been identified as local policy makers and invited. The meeting started with a welcome speech by Mr. Fethullah Demircan (representing Körfez Enerji A.Ş.). It was then followed by everyone in the meeting introducing themselves stating their names and their organization. Next Mr. Yusuf Gülüt (representing Körfez Enerji A.Ş.) gave a detailed presentation about: Landfill gas to electricity production Technology of waste to energy projects o Gas Collection System o Gas Collection Wells o Well Heads o Manifold Stations o Landfill gas pre-treatment o Engine/Generator o Grid Reducing bad odours Eliminating the risk of fires and explosions Mr. Fethullah Demircan explained the format and purpose of the consultation meeting which he later followed by explaining climate change, global warming, emission reductions and how carbon credits fit into this picture. Later he explained the expected social and environmental impacts of the project activity. The question and answer session was then started, the questions asked and the answers given are 10

11 given below. GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT Q: When will this project start? A: The project is in the technical design phase. We are hoping that the project will start operations before the year We are planning according to this timeframe. Q: How many people will be hired? A: It is estimated that 20 people will be hired for the project. Size of the project does not change the number of people to be hired all that much. Q: You mentioned that Ortadogu Enerji won the tender for this project but during the presentations Körfez Enerji is the one stated. A: According to the electricity market law a new company has to be formed for every project, thus a new company has been established called Körfez Enerji which is owned by Ortadogu Enerji in order to apply for the electricity production license to the EPDK (EMRA). Q: Who will implement the project? A: The implementation will be done by Körfez Enerji, which is a special purpose company established under Ortadogu Group of companies. Q: Either, not applicable or no environmental impact assessment is necessary, document is required for the project. A: That is true. For this project no EIA is needed and we will apply for the no EIA is necessary document. Participants were encouraged to ask questions about the project and told that if they have any other questions we can also answer them after the meeting. After the question and answer session Fethullah Demircan explained how to score the Sustainable Development Matrix and participants were given time to fill out the forms. A short while later evaluation forms were also distributed. Last a closing speech was made and the participants were invited for the lunch organized for them. A second meeting have been organized to strengthen the reach to local stakeholders, which are directly impacted by the project activity. The second meeting took place on in Solaklar Village which is the closest residential area to the project activity. The meeting was announced via Mr. Burhan Tuğtekin, who is the muchtar of the village (also participated the LSC meeting held on ). Hardcopies of the non-technical description of 11

12 the project activity along with an explanation of the sustainable development indicators and an evaluation forms were made available one week before the meeting for the locals and were also delivered during the meeting to participants. The meeting took place in muchtars office and started at 12:30. The meeting agenda was kept flexible on purpose in order to enable a free and encouraging discussion ground however followed the pattern: - Opening Session: Introduction of the Project Owners Representatives (Mr. Fethullah Demircan and Mr. Salih Güney). The purpose of the meeting was explained to the participants. - Explanation of the project activity: The Representatives have explained the project activity. The non-technical description of the proposed project activity was used as the basis of the oral presentation, however more detailed and technical information was provided based on the nature of the questions received during the meeting. - Q&A session: Conducted in parallel with the explanation of the project activity. The questions and answers could be summarized as follows: Q: Further explanation on the technology and how the project will generate electricity was asked. A: Mr. Salih Güney has explained the technology and process of electricity generation from LFG and how it will be implemented on the site. Q: What type of waste will be used for the project activity? A: The project activity only involves LFG extraction from lots, which were used to dump municipal waste and excavation rubbles. Q: What is the role of IZAYDAŞ on this project? A: IZAYDAŞ, which is an affiliated company of the Municipality is responsible for operating the landfill area. However, followed by a tender process, IZAYDAŞ have transferred the right of use of the old waste lots to Körfez Enerji, which is a special purpose company under Ortadoğu Enerji A.Ş. in July Therefore, Ortadoğu Enerji A.Ş. is currently responsible for investment and operation of the LFG extraction project. Q: What is the current situation of the project? A: Currently we are preparing the site for the construction and within a month we are planning to start construction with installing verticle gas extraction wells into the waste. Q: When will it start to produce electricity? A: It is planned to start by end of Q: How many engines will there be? A: It is planned that 2 gas engines will be installed reaching to a installed capacity of approximately 5 MW installed capacity. The generated electricity will be delivered to the grid. 12

13 Q: We do experience lots of power cuts in the region. Will the project solve this issue? A: On a broad level the project will have a positive impact on the quality of the national grid by balancing the supply and demand, however the power cuts in this region might be a result of many reasons. This problem is more related to the distribution infrastructure of the region and is under the responsibility of the distribution company. Q: There is a very disturbing odour coming from the landfill especially when the wind is blowing from the landfill side. Would extraction of the LFG increase the odour? A: On the contrary the odour level will be significantly reduced with the project activity. The odour from the landfill is caused by a gas (hydrogen sulphide) in the LFG itself. It can cause unpleasant odours even at very low concentrations. The landfill area will be first covered with a layer to prevent LFG leakage and the trapped LFG will be sent to gas engines where it is burned. This will also eliminate the effect of the gas (hydrogen sulphide) significantly. However it should be noted that daily waste is still entering the landfill area and therefore there might be still a level of odour detectable near the landfill area. Q: How often is the fresh waste covered in the landfill? A: New waste is generally covered with a period of 3-5 days. Q: The major problem in the area is unemployment. Especially among young people who doesn t have a university diploma. Will there be employment opportunities created in the future. A: We are already aware of this issue and willing to contribute to the solution of the problem. The project activity will require employees on different skill levels. We do believe that preferring local people for employment have benefits for both our project and therefore any suitable job both during construction and operational phase will be covered by the local people, especially among young. We have already hired people from the locals and will continue to do so. - Further Questions: To encourage the locals to further provide their opinion on the project activity and to cover also other topics not brought up during the Q&A session, some questions were also asked proactively to the locals, which could be summarized as follows: Q: What is the leachate situation in the landfill area? A: The landfill is operational since 1990 and since 1994 it is operated by IZAYDAŞ. As far as we know, IZAYDAŞ is collecting the leachate and we have no leachate problem at all. The leachate is sent to a Municipal Waste Water Treatment Centre. Q: Are there any water resources such as rivers, ponds, lake or wells close to the landfill area. 13

14 A: No. There are no such water resources near the area. Q: Are there anyone that makes a living from the waste itself such as scavengers. A: The entire landfill area is covered by fences and entering to the landfill area is controlled by IZAYDAŞ. Therefore there are no scavengers in the area. Q: What is the general income of the village? A: The village covers approximately 200 households in total. Most of the families make a living from livestock and farming, mostly barley and oat. There are approximately 600 great cattle and 700 small cattle. We have a school of 168 students, which also includes students from other villages. We have also a village clinic, where there is a fulltime nurse and a part time doctor. Q: Does the landfill have any impact on the farming or livestock? A: No. The farms and land for animals area at the other side of the village. Q: Are there any aspects of the project activity that you think might have a negative impact on the environment or social and economic development of the village/region? A: As we have stated earlier, we do believe that this project will have a positive impact on the environment and contribute to the region. Q: Is there a specific need of the village, which Ortadoğu Enerji could help? A: The library within the primary school requires improvement. We would appreciate if Ortadoğu Enerji could help us improving the library. The meeting has ended with a general positive outcome and no major suspected negative impacts identified by the stakeholders. Some of the participants have filled the questionnaire forms (assessed in more detail under section C3 iii and the original copies provided under Annex 2). More hardcopies of the non-technical description of the project activity along with the questionnaires are made available at the muchtar s office for anyone who is willing to provide further comment on the project activity. The outcome of the other consultation meeting held on , is mostly in line with the outcomes of the LSC meeting held on Ortadoğu Enerji has found out that the locals request improvement to the school library. Ortadoğu Enerji have agreed to help the locals on this matter and will contribute to the school library. Stakeholder comment Was comment taken into account (Yes/ No)? Explanation (Why? How?) 14

15 Employment numbers are low. It should provide more employment. Presentations could be a little more detailed It should come into operation sooner. (Received during the meeting on ) We experience power cuts in the region. Will the project activity solve this problem? Odour from the landfill area is a problem to the local area. Will the project have an impact on this issue? Yes No No No Yes The project participants are aware that the employment opportunities are important for the region. Korfez Enerji is willing and will employ locals as much as possible. It is difficult to choose the level of detail for a stakeholder consultation meeting since there are many groups participating to these meeting. Too much details can be confusing for some stakeholders, thus it was explicitly stated that if there are any other questions or details that anyone would like to ask, there welcome to do so during or after the meeting. The project will be implemented as quickly as possible. Although the project acidity will have a positive impact on the general quality of the grid system, the main reason for the power cuts is most likely related with the quality of the distribution infrastructure, which is under the control of the distribution company in the region. The odour from the landfill is caused by a gas (hydrogen sulphide) in the LFG itself. It can cause unpleasant odours even at very low concentrations. The landfill area will be first covered with a layer to prevent LFG 15

16 The school library requires improvement Yes leakage and the trapped LFG will be sent to gas engines where it is burned. This will also eliminate the effect of the gas (hydrogen sulphide) significantly. During the meeting held on , the locals have raised their need of help for improving the school library. Ortadoğu Energy have agreed to provide any necessary help/support/donation to the village on this issue. The SD Matrix have been revised to include the impact of this to the sustainable indicator human and institutional capacity and will be included to the monitoring plan. E.2. Stakeholder Feedback Round Please describe report how the feedback round was organised, what the outcomes were and how you followed up on the feedback. The Gold Standard stakeholders consultation process has two main events: a live stakeholders consultation meeting and the stakeholders feedback round. The first consultation meeting includes a discussion of the design and consequent impacts of the project while the feedback round provides ground for stakeholders to provide feedback on how their comments have been taken into account. The Gold Standard stakeholders consultation process has two main events: a live stakeholders consultation meeting and the stakeholders feedback round. The first consultation meeting includes a discussion of the design and consequent impacts of the project while the feedback round provides ground for stakeholders to provide feedback on how their comments have been taken into account. The documents including the LSC report, the GS Passport and the PDD has been delivered 16

17 to the stakeholders who have been selected as stakeholders to the project activity. The main communication method has been through s and delivery of hard copies of the mentioned documents for those who don t have an address (specifically the locals through the muchtar). Also the documents have been made available under the project participant s webpage ( The feedback round has started on with sending out the documents to the stakeholders and no feedback has been received till s sent during the FR period 17

18 SECTION F. Outcome Sustainability assessment 18

19 F.1. Do no harm Assessment Safeguarding principles Description of relevance to my project Assessment of my project risks breaching it (low/medium/high) Mitigation measure Human Rights The project respects internationally proclaimed human rights including dignity, cultural property and uniqueness of indigenous people. The project is not complicit in Human Rights The project respects internationally proclaimed human rights including dignity, cultural property and uniqueness of indigenous people. Low. As a member of United Nations and part of UN Agreement on Human Rights, it is ensured by law in Turkey that no action n.a. abuses. can be taken against human rights 5 including dignity, cultural property and uniqueness of indigenous people. The project does not involve and is not complicit in involuntary resettlement. The project is not complicit in Human Rights abuses. The project does not involve and is not complicit in involuntary resettlement. Project does not require residents to be relocated. Low. Cultural and environmental heritage is protected against alteration, damage or removal by the law 6. n.a. The project does not involve and is not complicit in the alteration, damage or removal of any critical cultural heritage. The project does not involve and is not complicit in the alteration, damage or removal of any critical Low. Cultural and environmental heritage is protected against alteration, n.a. 5 Reference: 6 Reference: Law on Protection of Cultural and Environmental Assets 19

20 cultural heritage. damage or removal by the law 7. Labor Standards The project respects the employees freedom of association and their right to collective bargaining and is not complicit in restrictions of these freedoms and rights. Employees are not restrained from forming associations or collectively bargain employment conditions. Low. Freedom of association and their right to collective bargaining is granted by national law (Trade n.a. Union Act of Turkey No. 2821) 8. The project does not involve Project does not involve Low. n.a. and is not complicit in any any form of forced or Forced or compulsory form of forced or compulsory compulsory labor as labor is forbidden in labor. enforced by the Labor Turkey and protected Act of Turkey (4857). by Law 910. The project does not employ Project does not Low. n.a. and is not complicit in any employ and is not As a member of form of child labor. complicit in any form of United Nations and child labor in part of UN Agreement compliance with Article on Human Rights, it is 71 (Working age and ensured by law in restrictions on the Turkey that no project employment of can complicit in any children) of Labor Law form of child 11. (4857). The project does not involve The project owner Low. n.a. and is not complicit in any respects Article 5/8425 As a member of form of discrimination based of Labor Law; which United Nations and on gender, race, religion, states no discrimination part of UN Agreement sexual orientation or any other based on gender, race, on Human Rights, it is basis. religion, sexual ensured by law in orientation or any other Turkey that no 7 Reference: Law on Protection of Cultural and Environmental Assets 8 Reference: 9 Reference: 10 Reference: 11 Reference: 20

21 basis is allowed. discrimination could take place 12. The project provides workers The project owner is Low. n.a. with a safe and healthy work committed to the safe This issue is protected environment and is not and healthy working by Labor Law and complicit in exposing workers conditions during all regulations 13 and UN to unsafe or unhealthy work phases of the project. Agreement on Human environments. All employees will Rights 14. attend trainings on first aid and health & safety. Environmental Protection The project takes a The precautionary Low n.a. precautionary approach in principles have been The environment is regard to environmental applied in this project. protected by several challenges and is not complicit Laws and Regulations in practices contrary to the in Turkey. The purpose precautionary principle. This of the Law on principle can be defined as: Environmental When an activity raises Protection is to threats of harm to human protect the health or the environment, environment with precautionary measures principles of should be taken even if some sustainable cause and effect relationships development and are not fully established environment 15. scientifically. The project does not involve The project is not Low. n.a. and is not complicit in complicit with the The environment is significant conversion or degradation of critical protected by several degradation of critical natural natural habitats, as Laws and Regulations habitats, including those that verified through an in Turkey. The purpose are (a) legally protected, (b) investigation of the of the Law on officially proposed for municipality. Environmental protection, (c) identified by Protection is to authoritative sources for their protect the 12 Reference: 13 Reference: 14 Reference: 15 Refenrence: 21

22 high conservation value or (d) recognized as protected by traditional local communities. environment with principles of sustainable development and environment 16. Anti-Corruption The project does not involve and is not complicit in corruption. Additional relevant critical issues for my project type It is ensured by law in Turkey that no action can not involve and is not complicit in corruption. 17 Description of relevance to my project Low. The project does not involve and is not complicit in corruption. Assessment of relevance to my project (low/medium/high) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Mitigation measure F.2. Sustainable Development matrix Indicator Mitigation measure Relevance to achieving MDG Chosen parameter and explanation Preliminary score Gold Standard indicators of sustainable development If relevant, copy mitigation measure from Do No Harm assessment, and include mitigation measure used to neutralise a score of - Check and Describe how your indicator is related to local MDG goals Defined by project developer Negative impact: score - in case negative impact is not fully mitigated, score 0 in case impact is planned to be fully mitigated No change in impact: score 0 16 Refenrence: 17 Reference: 22

23 Air quality Water quality and quantity Soil condition MDG 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources MDG 7.10: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total N/A Sulphides destroyed by the gas engines. Water contamination Leachate contamination. Other pollutants N/A Level of noise 0 Biodiversity Quality of employment Livelihood of the poor Access to affordable and clean energy services Human and institutional capacity N/A MDG 1.5: Employment to population ratio MDG 1b: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people. MDG 7.2: CO2 emission, total per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) N/A Alteration or destruction of natural habitat Number of trainings attended Employees social security records. Electricity generated Improvement to the school library Positive impact: score

24 Quantitative employment and income generation Balance of payments and investment Technology transfer and technological self-reliance GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT MDG 1.5: Employment to population ratio N/A MDG 8 f: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications Number of job contracts. Net foreign currency savings resulting from a reduction of fossil fuel imports. + 0 N/A 0 Justification choices, data source and provision of references A justification paragraph and reference source is required for each indicator, regardless of score Air quality The current practice is uncontrolled release of the landfill gas into the atmosphere. This is a big concern for public health, and the environment 18. The landfill gas contains gasses such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) a gas detectable in very low concentrations and notable for its toxicity, is also a major source of odor in the landfills. It can cause unpleasant odors even at very low concentrations 19. Exposure can result in nausea, headaches, delirium, and skin and eye irritations. Inhalation of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide can cause rapid unconsciousness and death 20. The project activity minimises these effects by collecting and combusting or flaring the landfill gas. Hydrogen sulfide and other gasses will be destroyed. Based on the 18 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Hydrogen Sulfide 19 Reference: Parker T., Dottridge J. & Kelly S. (2002). Investigation of the Composition and Emissions of Trace Components in Landfill Gas. Retrieved June 30, 2011, from World Wide Web: 20 United States Environmental Protection Agency Landfill Methane Outreach Program 24

25 above arguments it is considered that the impact of the proposed project activity will be positive compared to the baseline and therefore this sustainable indicator has been scored as (+). Water quality and quantity It is very difficult to measure odors directly, but since sulphides are the major source of this odor and they are toxic, volume of sulphides combusted in the gas engines will be measured. The volumes of sulphide gas destroyed through combustion will be estimated according to the common sulphide percentage in landfill gas and included in the monitoring plan. Landfill leachate is a potentially polluting liquid, which unless returned to the environment in a carefully controlled manner may cause harmful effects on the groundwater and surface water surrounding a landfill site. The landfill sites already have geo-membrane liners and leachate collection systems to avoid the leachate from contaminating the soil and the underground waters 21. Soil condition The existing leachate collection system drains the leachate reaching the bottom of the landfill. This system is currently running and the collected leachate is transferred to the water treatment plant where it is processed. In the project activity, the leachate built up in the gas collection wells will be extracted with pneumatic pumps, which will then be transferred to the water treatment plant for processing. Taking into account that there will be no change in the baseline situation this sustainable indicator has scored (0). One of the main mechanisms for soil contamination due to landfill activities is the uncontrolled drainage of leachate, which includes heavy metals such as lead, nickel, copper and mercury. The soil contamination from leachate will be prevented by leachate management and the leachate will be transferred to the treatment plant reducing the contamination of the soil layers beneath the landfill UK Environmental Agency - Monitoring landfill leachate, groundwater and surface 22 Kjeldsen P., Barlaz M. A., Roker A. P., Baun A., Ledin A., & Cristensen T.H. (2002). Present and Long Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review. Retrieved June 30, 2011, from World Wide Web: 25

26 Other pollutants Biodiversity The landfill area will be covered with a top layer of soil during the project. The site will be managed to ensure the sustainable improvement of the landfill area. There exist leachate collection systems which prevent contamination of the soil layers below the landfill. Taking into account that there will be no change in the baseline situation this sustainable indicator has scored (0). The project has no significant emissions of other pollutants. Although there will be some noise from the generator sets, the distance of the landfill from surrounding residential areas make it negligible. People will not be disturbed by the project activity 23. This sustainable indicator has been scored (0). This project does not have an impact on the surrounding biodiversity. Taking into account that the area is used as a landfill area since 1997 and no specific or significant natural habitat is present the project will only have a positive impact compared to the baseline scenario however the score has been conservatively set at 0. Picture from Solaklar Landfill Area Quality of employment The project activity will create job opportunities during construction, operation and maintenance. These jobs will include skilled and unskilled jobs for a variety of positions. All employees will receive social security with their jobs. It should be noted that Turkey has a high rate of unregistered employment, and these people do not have any kind of social security 24. Appropriate trainings will be given to the employees to develop their 23 Reference: Solaklar Village Muhtar Mr. Burhan Tuğtekin 24 Reference: Hakki Mumin Ay - Unregistered Employment in Turkey 26

27 skills and theoretical knowledge waste to energy systems. Also specific training will be given by TEIAS for the staff responsible for the switchgear station 25. Based on the above arguments this sustainable indicator has been scored (+). Livelihood of the poor Access to affordable and clean energy services Human and institutional capacity As confirmed by the local stakeholders, the proposed project activity will have an impact on the employment of the region with created work opportunities both in operational phase and construction phase. For those who will be employed by the project activity will also benefit from the social security system. However this issue has been already taken into account under the sustainable indicator quantitative employment and income generation this sustainable indicator has been scored as 0. According to 2009 statistics, 50% of Turkey s energy generation is dependent on natural gas 26. As Natural Gas is not a national resource available in Turkey the majority of the natural gas is bought from Russia and Iran. Natural gas and petrol imports are claimed to be the biggest responsible for current account deficit of Turkey and have been reported to increase 40% compared to 2010 figures 27. Utilization of renewable resources (such as waste) will decrease the dependency of fuel/energy imports that will lead to more sustainable and affordable energy services in Turkey. Although the impact of the proposed project activity could be considered as minor to this problem, the successful implementation of the project activity will definitely contribute the trend to increase the renewable energy utilization in Turkey s energy mix. However the sustainable indicator is scored (0) taking into account that it is very hard to monitor quantitatively the positive impact.. proposed project activity has a positive impact on access to affordable and clean energy services 28. During the stakeholders meeting held on , the locals have requested the project owners help with regards to the primary school 25 Regulation of High Current Electricity Plant - Article Reference: Annual Developmnet of Turkey s Electricity Generation by Primary Energy Sources ( ) 27 Reference: 28 Although the proposed Project activity will have a positive impact it is very hard to monitor the impact quantitatively and therefore this indicator has not been included in the monitoring plan. 27

28 library. The primary school holds 168 students, which also includes students from other villages. According to the locals the library is in bad condition and is hardly usable 29. Ortadoğu Enerji has agreed to provide any necessary help/support/donation to the village on this issue. In October November 2011 the renovation work of the Solaklar Primary School has been finalized by the Project Participant. This sustainable indicator has been scored (+). Quantitative employment and income generation The project will create employment opportunities for about 20 people. All employees will receive contracts and social security benefits. As a 29 Reference: Solaklar Village Muhtar Mr. Burhan Tuğtekin 28

29 Balance of payments and investment GOLD STANDARD PASSPORT general principle of the Project Participant, employment recruitments will be made mostly from the nearby regions and villages especially for the unqualified jobs. Local people will be favoured as much as possible 30. All the employees will be granted with a salary equal or above the minimum annual wage rate depending on their responsibility and position in the project. However, at the moment project is a very early stage to mention exact number of the employment or specification of the jobs. This sustainable indicator has been scored as (+) and has been included in the monitoring plan. The project does not lead to any significant changes with regards to balance of payments and investment. The reduction of fossil fuel imports due to the project is too insignificant to be monitored 31. The indicator has been set to 0. Technology transfer and technological selfreliance There are 3,213 municipalities in Turkey, out of which 3,129 have a municipal waste service, covering 82% of the total population of Turkey. The amount of waste collected in 2008 was 24,361,000 tonnes. Out of 3,129 municipalities providing landfill services, only 37 of these landfills are classified as controlled landfills. From these controlled landfills only 4 have a composting plant and 2 of them have an incineration plant 32. Of the total disposal of 24 million tonnes in year 2008 in Turkey, 13 million tonnes of solid waste per year is dumped at wild landfills, in nature and in streams. 33 Moreover, nearly 20% of the population does not receive solid waste services at all, meaning that around 7 million tonnes are not officially registered and most likely are dumped or buried in illegal waste dumps. Under these circumstances, the introduction of a modern landfill management technology will eventually contribute to a change in energy sector s perception of alternative investment opportunities demonstrating the viability of the technologies relatively new to the 30 Reference: Mr. Salih Güney / Site Manager. 31 Reference: Turkish Statistic Institute (2011). TUIK Statistical Year Book 2009 Section 14, Energy. Retrieved June 30, 2011, from World Wide Web: 32 Turkish Statistics Institute official website / Main solid waste indicators of municipalities 33 Turkish Statistics Institute official website / Main solid waste indicators of municipalities / Amount of Waste by Destination 2008 / Population Registration

30 country and region. However taking into account that measuring this contribution and its impact to the energy sector is practically impossible and subjective this sustainable indicator has been scored 0. SECTION G. Sustainability Monitoring Plan No 1 Indicator Air quality Mitigation measure n/a Chosen parameter Levels of sulphides combusted in the landfill gas engines Current situation of parameter Landfill gas not extracted/combusted: uncontrolled emission of landfill gas Estimation of baseline situation 0 m 3 sulphide destroyed of parameter Future target for parameter The landfill gas is collected and combusted, avoiding the emission of sulphides (0.5% of landfill gas combusted annually). Way of monitoring How Between 0-1% of volume of the landfill gas is known to contain sulfides. The amount of sulphide will be calculated based on the amount of landfill gas combusted in the engines as followed: V sulphide destroyed =V LFG destroyed * Where V represents the volume in m 3. A conservative approach of 0.5% is set for the sulphide content 34. When Annually By who Ortadoğu Enerji No 2 Indicator Quality of employment Mitigation measure n/a Chosen parameter Provided trainings. Current situation of parameter No one employed for project, thereby no traings Estimation of baseline situation See above of parameter Future target for parameter Employment: Trainings will be offered to employees (such as occupational health and safety instructions). Way of monitoring How Attendance at trainings When Annually 34 Reference: 30

31 By who Ortadoğu Enerji No 3 Indicator Human and Institutional Capacity Mitigation measure n/a Chosen parameter Improvements to the school library Current situation of parameter The school library is in bad condition and the locals have requested support for improvement Estimation of baseline situation n.a. of parameter Future target for parameter The school library conditions will be improved Way of monitoring How Visual and through interview of the muchtar. When First verification By who Ortadoğu Enerji and Village Muchtar No 4 Indicator Quantitative employment and income generation Mitigation measure n/a Chosen parameter Number of contracts Current situation of parameter No one employed by project, thereby no contracts signed Estimation of baselin situation 0 of parameter Future target for parameter The project activity will result in employment opportunities Way of monitoring How Number of contracts When Annually By who Ortadoğu Enerji Additional remarks monitoring - SECTION H. Additionality and conservativeness This section is only applicable if the section on additionality and/or your choice of baseline does not follow Gold Standard guidance H.1. Additionality The additionality is and choice of baseline of the proposed project activity follow the Gold Standard Guidance. 31

32 H.2. Conservativeness The additionality is and choice of baseline of the proposed project activity follow the Gold Standard Guidance. 32

33 ANNEX 1 ODA declaration 33