Effect of liquid polysiloxane on voltage in photovoltaic panel

Transcription

1 Mex. J. Mat. Sci. Eng. 5 (2018) 9-13 Effect of liquid polysiloxane on voltage in photovoltaic panel Pedro Vera-Serna and Cesar Cortés-Cova Universidad Politécnica de Tecámac, Prolongación 5 de mayo No. 10, Tecámac de Felipe Villanueva, Estado de México, Mexico *pedrovera.upt@gmail.com Abstract. The results of voltages values tested on photovoltaic panels using liquid polysiloxane are reported in this work, the photovoltaic panels used were commercials panels of amperes and 3 volts, the material added with better result was liquid polysiloxane on photovoltaic panel, the evaluations were under solar radiation, position on equal angle, were observed and discussed the variations on temperature, differential potential, with increase on voltage values and the effect on temperature on cover, the voltage had increment with polysiloxane liquid on 0.04 volts and liquid polysiloxane decrease the temperature on photovoltaic cover. Keywords: Photovoltaic, Polysiloxane, Temperature, Voltage. Introduction Photovoltaic panels are still studying; there are different materials to get better photovoltaic (PV) properties, a material actually used is the polysiloxane, its material can be used in encapsulated systems are more suitable candidates for application as PV encapsulant for glazed Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collectors than the ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) material. Was observed in studies that Polysiloxane gel offers several advantages like range of operation temperature between 60 to +250 C, even higher transparency for solar radiation compared to EVA in solar wavelength region, compensation of thermal dilatation stresses due to low modulus of elasticity, high physical adhesion to some semiconductors this property help in system, glass, and most other materials without use of sublayers, and good heat transfer from PV cells to heat exchanger due to higher thermal conductivity as write Tomas Matuska et al [1]. The encapsulation technology by Matuska was developed on low vacuum dosing of the gel with good results. Other works with polysiloxane has been developed as; transparent and conductive polysiloxane with nanocomposite thin films with a water-impermeable property to significantly enhance stability of organic inorganic hybrid solar cells in recent years [2], antireflective coatings with high transmittance and durability were prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor and the base-catalyzed was modified by acid-catalyzed polysiloxane, studying the effects of different doping ratio on the performance of films, showing that the particle size grew bigger in the study, the porosity of films was reduced, refractive index increased and undesirable decrease of the transmittance appeared with the increase of doped polysiloxane [3], others polymers were been used.[4] The polysiloxane has been used as; transparent and conductive material with nanocomposite thin films with a waterimpermeable property to significantly enhance stability of organic inorganic hybrid solar cells in recent years [2], antireflective coatings with high transmittance and durability were prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor and the base-catalyzed was modified by acid-catalyzed polysiloxane, studying the effects of different doping ratio on the performance of films, showing that the particle size grew bigger in the study, the porosity of films was reduced, Article history: Received 15 October 2017; Accepted 13 September 2018; Available online 31 August ISSN:

2 refractive index increased and undesirable decrease of the transmittance appeared with the increase of doped polysiloxane [3], others polymers were been used [4]. Among various alternatives to liquid electrolytes on photovoltaic have been used as shows literature, ion conductive polymeric gels as polysiloxane still offer the greatest potentialities to fill the gap between high energy conversion efficiency and long term stability in several classes of electrochemical and photo-electrochemical devices, an example on literature was the synthesis of an ion conductive polysiloxane, named poly[(3-n-methylimidazoliumpropyl) methylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane]iodide (IP- PDMS), which has been successfully employed to formulate a batch of iodide/triiodide-based gel electrolytes for dye solar cells work by Maria Pia et al [5]. were used different covers, the first one photovoltaic panel (PV1) was without polymer cover of commercial photovoltaic panel, the second one photovoltaic panel (PV2) was evaluated with polysiloxane cover in liquid state and the third photovoltaic panel (PV3) with the material exposed directly by photovoltaic panel, the temperature was evaluated with infrared thermometer EXTECH Additionally to avoid deviations due to multimeter, was necessary evaluate the results under similar conditions with same response of the three photovoltaic panels, to select the three photovoltaic panels were tested ten units using to experiment three with the same response, in the case of digital multimeters was assurance the same result on test. The temperature in surface of photovoltaic panel was evaluated to identify the changes in voltages under sunlight. In different papers has been showed the effect of temperature, solar irradiance, refraction light, transparency and conductivity on photovoltaic materials, so this with recent information is possible understand and explain the changes observed on new tests under conditions of these types [6, 7, 8 and 9]. In this paper was explored the effect of commercial polysiloxane on photovoltaic panel, were evaluated the effect in temperature, electric intensity current and differential potential on three commercial panels under same conditions in light radiation and position, the photovoltaic panels used were evaluated before to get the same conditions under the experiment. Methodology or experimental section Three photovoltaics panels of 300 milliamps and 3 Volts were tested and compared, the evaluation were doing under same solar radiation, with three digital multimeters model Mul-287 Steren, so was evaluated the intensity current response, voltage response and temperature in every photovoltaic panel, the tests Figure 1 Diagram infrared thermometer. Results and discussion The results were evaluated and analyzed on different times on photovoltaic panels, the changes detected to discuss were the variation in voltage on different days with solar radiation, to have a satisfactory test in temperature the infrared thermometer was used. The photovoltaics panels were exposed to solar radiation, the voltage values were showed in Figure 2, the variations on voltage are due to temperature in cells when the photovoltaic panels are working in sunlight in the city, the photovoltaic panels are polysiloxane free, in 66 C the voltage was the maximum, the panel tested was the commercial panel only without ISSN:

3 cover of polymer, the variations were on range C, the three commercial photovoltaic panel were tested before to apply polysiloxane with the same tendency, the standard deviation (SD) is in results on every temperature. POTENTIAL DIFERENTIAL (V) TEMPERATURE ( C) 4.57 SD= Figure 2 Variation in voltage on commercial panels On different times were evaluated the photovoltaics panels, in the Figure 3 are show the results on three moments, also was possible understand the effect in PV2 due to liquid polysiloxane on the cover, that generate the lower temperature on every test, additionally the voltage was higher in photovoltaic panel with liquid polysiloxane on the three tests, the result shows the increase on voltage when was used the liquid polysiloxane on cover, its could be because the polysiloxane contain silicon, possible refraction and the temperature on cover decrease with liquid, every test the every photovoltaic panel was exposed to the same radiation in same angle, every test had an specific moment on different times in the day, conditions were under sun on commercial photovoltaic panels, the maximum SD was on temperature. Figure 3 Variation on voltage under sun radiation using commercial panel versus polysiloxane cover. The lines in Figure 4 shows the different voltage in every photovoltaic panel, was possible modify the voltage and the temperature in PV2 with the liquid polysiloxane, the temperature decrease with liquid polysiloxane but with higher voltage in comparison with commercial photovoltaic panel, these are a result to try to get in others new experiments evaluations with different The result in Figure 4 shows the increase of values with lower temperatures because was used liquid polysiloxane, the temperature decrease because liquid was cooler of cover and possible ion conductive polysiloxane as showed Maria Pia et al, but was possible verify that the temperature not only was the cause of increase of voltage, on 66 C is clear the variation on PV2 on voltage with respect to PV1 and PV3, it result shows the effect of liquid in photovoltaic panels or cells. Also results on electric current were tested but those do not show considerable changes, various test do not change on values in different temperatures, the values using liquid polysiloxane had the same value of electric current in different times, the maximum SD on temperatures was on PV2. ISSN:

4 DIFERENTIAL POTENTIAL (V) SD= TEMPERATURE ( C) PV 1 PV 2 PV 3 Figure 4 Increment of voltage and variation in temperature on three photovoltaics panels. In the case of current intensity the value in amperes were the same values in the study, also were evaluated on different times with the same results. In liquid state the polisiloxane got to had a increment on voltage, that situation could be attribuited to cristallinity in liquied state as showed Ying-Gang Jia on 2004 on polysiloxane, ions and temperature [10]. A particular situation was that the cover of commercial panel reduces the values of voltages in reduced percent, this situation could be better using another material in cover, in other test the solid polysiloxane presents better results than original cover than photovoltaic panel, results are adequate to photovoltaic panels as Barry Ketola discussed in previous work about of transparency and wide refractive indices, only with difference in this case on liquid polysiloxane [11]. Summary The results on the evaluations it will determine that the polysiloxane in liquid state could be increased the voltage in a photovoltaic panel or cell, also the changes were because the temperature decrease, possibility of ions in liquid material, good union between materials in liquid state and the possible refraction of polysiloxane, really was clear that liquid polysiloxane increase the voltage in comparison with photovoltaic panel at same temperature without polysiloxane, the electric current was the same value in different test. Acknowledgement This research was supported with material bought with resource of PIFI Program on and the results of this paper were possible with the tests and documentation made by Emmanuel Aurelio Merino Reveles and Fernando Lopez Barrera, students of Automotive Mechanical Engineering. References [1] Tomas Matuska, Borivoj Sourek, Vladimir Jirka, and Nikola Pokorny, (2015), International Journal of Photoenergy, v. 2015, Article ID , 7, p doi: /2015/ [2] Heming Wang and Vikas Kumara (2015), RSC Advances, v. 2015, n. 5, p [3] Chongfei Xin, Cheng Peng, Yudong Xu and Jianqing Wu (2012), Solar Energy, v. 86, n. 11, p [4]. Fei-Bao Zhang, Joji Ohshita, Masayuki Miyazaki, Daiki Tanaka and Yasushi Morihara (2014), Polymer Journal, v. 46, p [5] Maria Pia Cipolla, et al. (2017), Journal of Power Sources, v. 356, p , Jul [6] Russell K. Jones, et al. (2016), IEEE Journal of photovoltaics, v. 6, n. 3, p , May. 2016, doi: /jphotov [7] Guda, H. A. and Aliyu U. (2015), International Journal of Engineering and Technology, v. 5, n. 1, p , Jan [8] J. Allan, H. Pinder and Z. Dehouche (2016), AIP ISSN:

5 Advances, v. 6, p. 1-9 [9] John Suddard-Bangsund Et Al. (2016), Advanced Energy Materials, v. 6, n. 1, p [10] Y.G.Jia, B.Y. Zhang, Mei Tian, W. Pan, Synthesis and structure of polysiloxane liquid crystalline elastomers with a mesogenic crosslinking agent, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93 (2004) 4, doi: /app [11] Barry Ketola, Keith R. Mcintosh, Ann Norris and Mary Tomalia (2008), 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Spain, p ISSN: