Novel Approaches to Process Bamboo Plants into Fibres and their UV-blocking Property

Transcription

1 Novel Approaches to Process Bamboo Plants into Fibres and their UV-blocking Property Tarannum Afrin PhD Candidate Supervisors: Asst. Prof. Takuya Tsuzuki, Dr. Rupinder Kanwar, Prof. Xungai Wang

2 Serving daily need of mass people Medicine, construction, cosmetics... Why Bamboo? Multifunctional and eco friendly Outstanding Carbon neutral activity! Amazingly fast growth rate No or Low pesticides and irrigation (Austin, Ueda & Levy 1970, Bystriakova et al. 2003; Cusack 1999, Das & Chakraborty 2008, Farrelly 1984, Franklin et al. 2010; Gritsch & Murphy 2005, Hidalgo-Lopez 2003, Isagi et al. 1997, Jain et al. 1992, Liese1998, Liese & Parameswaran 1976, Shan et al. 2008, Lu et al. 2005, Yen & Lee 2011, Ueda 1960)

3 Motivation: myth of bamboo textiles Green? UV protection? Antimicrobial? My Research Question: To develop an eco-friendly manufacturing method to process bamboo plants into fibre without loosing the unique properties.

4 Characterisation of Raw Bamboo Morphology: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Australian grown: Microscope. Phyllostachys Crystalline pubescens structures : X- ray Diffraction Chemical constituents (XRD). analysis: Chinese standard: GB Chemical bonds analysis: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR).

5 Morphology of raw bamboo (under SEM) Longitudinal section Single unit 200µm 10µm Cross section 200µm 20µm 2µm

6 Under confocal microscope

7 Chemical constituents analysis According to Standard: GB

8 Functional chemical bonds in raw bamboo FT-IR spectroscopy of raw bamboo Cellulose Contracting vibration of O-H Aromatic skeletal vibration C-H stretching Conjugated carbonyl stretching Non conjugated carbonyl stretching Wave numbers (cm -1 )

9 Crystalline structure of raw bamboo (002) XRD of raw bamboo Calculated degree of crystallinity: 81-83% (Segal Method) Calculated crystal size: Å (Scherrer Equation) Fitted by HighScore plus software According to Segal Method: X c = I I am I 002 X 100% Where, I 002 is the peak intensity from the (002) lattice plane (2θ=22.6 o ) and I am the peak intensity of amorphous phase (2θ=19 o ). Cellulose-I crystalline structure

10 Origin of the UV shielding Characteristic of Raw Bamboo Polar Protic: Ethanol and water; Aprotic: Acetone and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Extractions Non-polar (Hexane and Toluene) Mixture of non polar and polar (dioxane: water=9:1)/ MWL extraction (Björkman, 1956)

11 Bamboo extractions SEM: milled bamboo powder Filtration 20µm Centrifuged filtrate Material : Liquor = 1:30 Time: 72 hours Milled bamboo 10 gram + Solvents Transparent solution

12 UV absorbance of raw bamboo extracts UVA: nm UVB: nm UVC: nm UVC UVB UVA More than one UV responsible component (Afrin et al., 2011). x50

13 Relation between UV absorbance and chemical bonds of lignin UV-Vis spectroscopy Raw bamboo Solid state Chemical components of lignin is contributing in UV blocking (Afrin et al., 2011).

14 Origin of the Antimicrobial Property of Raw Bamboo Challenge Bacteria: Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli): ATCC and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus): ATCC Test standard: AATCC (clause 10.2) with slight modification. Samples: Bamboo Powder Bamboo extracts in water. Bamboo extracts in 90% aqueous dioxane (MWL). (after extraction dioxane is evaporated) Bamboo extracts in DMSO

15 Antimicrobial test results Antimicrobial component(s) is water insoluble and stemming out from the chemical components of lignin (Afrin et al. 2011) SEM of MWL

16 Development strategy: manufacturing process Ultrasonic treatment Shaker milling New economic & eco-friendly approach Without loosing the unique properties

17 Ultrasonic treatment to process bamboo

18 SEM images after ultrasonic treatment Roughly Milled bamboo NaOH H2O2 Enzyme

19 Processing of bamboo: shaker milling

20 SEM images after shaker milling Water NaOH 20µm 10µm H 2 O 2 Enzyme 10µm 10µm Bamboo fibres can be processed without any chemical aid.

21 Processing of bamboo M : L= 1:5 Thermo mechanical treatment Eco friendly manufacturing process. Eco-friendly By-Product Afrin et al., 2011, Australian provisional patent:

22 Morphology: processed fibre 20µm Long fibre 10µm

23 Comparison: UV absorbance Untreated bamboo Water SM bamboo fibre Processed fibre UV-Vis spectroscopy 100% cellulose UV blocking ability is preserved after processing.

24 Antimicrobial property of processed fibre Control E. coli TA s Bamboo Fibre Control S. aureus TA s Bamboo Fibre The processed fibres have shown outstanding antibacterial property against fatal and pathogenic bacteria

25 FT-IR spectroscopy of the processed fibre The functional bonds of lignin are retained into the processed fibre

26 Summary

27 Heading towards... Bamboo puts other in the shade It s proven bamboo clothes reduce the risk of skin cancers! Multifunctional Eco friendly Highly porous and breathable Antibacterial bamboo

28 Acknowledgements Academic Supervisors Technical Staffs at IFM Dr. Keith Millington at CSIRO Members of The Textile Group Thank You!