Wetlands International Indonesia Bogor, June 2018

Transcription

1 Wetlands International Indonesia Bogor,

2 Background Around 90% of all natural disasters are water-related (UNISDR, 2015), with increasing trend in frequency and intensity. The coastal area is listed as one of several most disaster-prone areas Located in the northern coast of Central Java, the district of Demak is notably frequent to suffer from floods that are caused by a combination of conditions, including the fact that it is in the estuarial area of three big rivers, it suffers the impacts of sea-level rise and severe coastal abrasion, and also the sinking due to continuing land subsidence process. The erosion rate in the district of Demak from 2006 to 2009 reached m in four years, or as fast as m a year 1. Demak is one of the districts that experience the worst erosion in Indonesia. Ground water extraction, both by the industries and domestic consumption, expedites land subsidence process. Combined with global warming worsen the environmental pressure. A total of around 70,000 residents of Demak are at risk due to the flooding their safety, livelihood, and quality of life are adversely impacted. 2 1 Shoreline Change Analysis in Demak, Indonesia. Ervita, Komariah and Marfai, Muh Aris. From Saputra, Q.N. (2011) Shoreline Change and Coastal Dynamic Analysis in Demak Regency, Central Java Province Between 2002 and 2012 in Review of Morphodynamics Aspects. Bachelor Thesis, Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. (In Bahasa).

3 Coast Line Changes in Demak 3

4 The nine villages along the northern coast of Java, working together with the Building with Nature Program: Bedono, Timbulsloko, Surodadi, Tugu, Tambakbulusan, Morodemak, Purworejo, Betahwalang, and Wedung 4

5 Land Subsidence and Sea-Level Rise in Demak Fixed in Oct-Dec 2015 HE1 (Bamboo) L1 Bamboo 40 m 50 m 80 m TIMBUL SELOKO Built in 2013/14 HE3 Repair 100 m 60 m 5

6 Local cemetery area Flooded community cemetery by the side of the river; 2. Flood at one of the local schools; 3. Women cleaning the day s fish catch; 4. Common view of local houses that are gradually subsiding. Photo credit: Cynthia Boll 6

7 What is the Building with Nature Program? 7 Building with Nature Indonesia securing eroding delta coastlines is the leading international case of Ecoshape s Building with Nature Innovation Program It is basically a holistic landscape-level approach for a safer and more prosperous coastal areas through: 1. Mangrove Green Belt restoration, by converting aquaculture ponds into mangrove-growing locations and sediment-trapping for natural recruitment of mangrove seedlings through the BioRights contracts 2. Identification, revitalization, and development of alternative livelihoods for the local people through the Coastal Field School program 3. (additionally) Advocacy and outreach measures to prevent further and eventually stop land subsidence It is a good example of a working collaboration between the local communities and the Ecoshape consortium, consisting of: Wetlands International, Witteveen+Bos, Deltares, Blue Forest, Wageningen University & Research Centre, IMARES and UNESCO-IHE, the Diponegoro University, and the Government of Indonesia, which includes the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), Ministry of Public Work and Housing (MPWH), and the local governments of Central Java Province and Demak District. Building with nature in Demak, Indonesia

8 The Building with Nature Program Principles of the Building with Nature program include: Participatory a. Formulation of the BioRights contracts and formulation of the village regulation (Peraturan Desa Perdes) is implemented in close engagement with the local community. b. Advocacy is done both bottom-up by creating better understanding of the actual environmental processes to the community, and also top down by engaging with the government in the formulation of relevant policies. Ecosystem-based, in a broader landscape approach rather than localized approach Using green infrastructures and local resources Science-based BwN engages closely with the academic circles for relevant, most recent studies in all of its working aspects, including eco-friendly techniques, green infrastructure, and marketing strategies for practical use by the local communities Capacity Building for every stakeholder, including the local community and local government through specified trainings and the Coastal Field School sessions Community Welfare through identification and promotion of alternative livelihoods. As such, BwN has already reflected an overall IRM approach. 8

9 Integrated Risk Management (IRM) Principles Ecosystem landscapes Livelihood Local ownership Timescales Global and local Integration Partnerships 9

10 Building with Nature (BwN) Mechanism PHASE I Planning Step 1 : Problems, Potential Solution Step 2 : Long Term Vision/Dream Step 3 : Potential Measures Outcome of Phase I Long term village plan (spatial/development) PHASE II Training Step 4 : Community engagement and various types of trainings (Coastal Field School materials - various types of aquaculture, alternative livelihoods, Ecological Mangrove Restoration) Outcome of Phase II Decision Moment : Go or No Go! Increased understanding, thinking skills, decision to become BwN community group member or not Selection and finetuning of measures for phase III PHASE III Implemen tation Step 5 : Negotiation of (BioRights) package deal Decision moment: Package Deal! Step 6 : Community Agreement & Set up Fund Step 7 : Detailed Annual BwN Group Workplan Step 8 : Implementation of Measures with Support/Guidance Step 9 : Monitoring & Evaluation Step 10 : Contribute % of Profit to Community Fund Outcome of Phase III Community agreements Detail annual work plan Revitalised aquaculture, alternative livilhoods, mangrove greenbelt Adaptive management/innovations

11 Types of Wetlands and Their Significance presure Source: Nyoman Suryadiputra 11

12 Restoring the Mangrove Green Belt 12

13 Mixed Mangrove-Aquaculture The introduction of the innovative mixed mangrove-aquaculture system is very exciting. This system is different from the traditional silvofisheries system where mangroves are planted on pond bunds or inside ponds and as such are not connected to open water. In the mixed mangrove-aquaculture system mangroves and aquaculture ponds are separated. Due to this separation, the aquaculture productivity is optimal, while the surrounding mangroves reduce the spread of disease agents, purify water and maintain their coastal safety and fisheries enhancement functions. Maskur, chair of Onggojoyo Jaya farmers group is a junior high school teacher and also member of the local Village Development Body (BPD) in Wedung Both the Mangrove Green Belt Restoration and Mixed Mangrove-Aquaculture participatory programs under the Building with Nature have opened our eyes to the effectiveness of natural recruitment of mangrove seedlings, and eventually reclaiming the land that once lost in the coastal area. We now leave some space along the side of our ponds aligning with the river to allow mangrove to grow and help reduce abrasion and tidal flood, and also to capture and filter water before getting into the pond. We are also inspired by the knowledge shared on innovative and environmentally-friendly aquaculture techniques, including the use of local micro-organism (MOL), which has slowly improved the production of shrimp and milkfish locally. 13

14 Mixed Mangrove-Aquaculture 14

15 15Permeable Structures 1a 1b 1a & b. The community hand in hand building the structure; 2. Visible sediment collected behind the structure, and mangrove seedlings growing on the sediment; 3 & 4 the permeable structures suffer from serious damages due to the tidal floods in December

16 BioRights Contracts with Local Communities BioRights is a kind of payment for environmental services that is basically providing a contract-based soft loan to local communities on the condition that the community will in return restore/ preserve their environment (within a certain period). The loan provider sets out a series of success indicators, of which in some parts must be clearly quantified, while the local community formulates a series of measurable efforts and action plan to preserve their environment. If by the end of the contract period the indicators are proven to be achieved, then the loan becomes a grant. A grand total of USD 312,559 contract value is agreed with 10 community groups from 9 villages in Demak, consisting of : USD 270,190 for the core contract USD 13,547 for maintenance cost of the permeable structures USD 28,822 for non-technical activities After the handover ceremony of the BioRights contracts to 10 community groups, in the Multi-stakeholder Meeting, Semarang, October

17 The Conditional Loan: BioRights 17

18 Coastal Field School (CFS) Community groups in Demak that give up part of their ponds to make space for a mangrove belt are being assisted by the BwN program to have better understanding of environmentally-friendly aquaculture techniques, identify alternative livelihoods/ socio-economic activities, and develop their marketing strategies through the CFS. They now can produce their own Local Microorganism (MOL) as feed and apply the mixed mangrove-aquaculture techniques. The first monitoring results show that the materials provided in the CFS helped the farmers to improve their shrimp yield and thus income. Latifah Ihsani, Chair of the Women s Group in Wedung, Demak I am happy to attend each of the CFS sessions because I obtain new practical knowledge for my business while socializing with fellow farmers in our village. From the CFS sessions we learn a lot about integrated coastal management. Abrasion is an obvious threat to our village. However, we are now optimistic that by restoring mangroves in our coastal areas, lost lands can be reclaimed, and local aquaculture business will get back on its feet, once again. 18

19 Community Participation Women processing the fish catch; 2. Catching the fish out of the pond; 3. Learning going on in the community group discussion; 4. Community group gathering for the CFS session. 19

20 Lessons Learned 1. Wetlands is essential in disaster risk reduction because degradation of wetland ecosystems is often a source of disaster and can elevate the impacts of disaster. This is also worsened by climate change impacts that already adversely contribute to wetland ecosystems; 2. Enhancing the resilience of our natural ecosystems to reduce disaster risk is a must, to prevent water-mediated disasters, while actions to regulate the quantity, quality, and availability of water through wetland ecosystems conservation, restoration, and sustainable management are required; 3. There is no One Fits All kind of resolution, every situation differs, every location is unique. Calculation and prediction should include both internal and external factors; 4. It is also important to make sure that people are resilient to disaster, and that risks are well-managed. An overall IRM strategy needs to take place; 5. Community engagement is one thing, while gaining community trust is a whole different story. It is a challenge in the context of Building with Nature program, because we learn the lesson together with the community, and along the way, the actual fact in the field may not reflect pre-studied theories. It is a continuous learning process. 20

21 Eko Budi Payitno Coordinator, Community Development Team, Demak Didik Fitriyanto Community Development Team, Demak баярлалаа Terima Kasih Thank you Kuswantoro Community Development Team, Demak Wetlands International Indonesia Building with Nature For further information: Google drive on relevant materials: