INTERACTIVE SCIENCE (Second Edition) 1B

Transcription

1 INTERACTIVE SCIENCE (Second Edition) 1B Chapter 4 ENERGY Sectional Exercise Section 4.1 A. Multiple choice p.1 1. D 2. B 3. C B. Question p.2 (a) Sound energy (b) Light and heat energy (c) Light and sound energy (d) Potential and kinetic energy (e) Kinetic energy (f) Electrical energy (g) Chemical energy C. Fill in the blanks p.2 1. chemical 2. potential 3. sound 4. light 5. electrical 6. kinetic 7. kinetic 8. potential 1

2 Section 4.2 A. Matching p.3 (a) vi (b) v (c) vii (d) ii (e) iii (f) i (g) iv B. Question p.3 (a) Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy (and then sound energy). (b) Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy (and also heat energy). (c) Chemical energy is converted to heat and light energy. (d) Kinetic energy is converted to sound energy. (e) Kinetic energy is converted to sound energy. (f) Chemical energy of the athlete is converted to potential energy of the barbell. Section 4.3 A. Fill in the blanks p.5 1. (a) chemical (b) heat 2. town gas 3. petrol 4. safety rules B. Questions p.5 1. Coal. / Natural gas. / Diesel. (any two answers) 2. It is because town gas is colourless and odourless, but highly toxic. A special odour is added so that a gas leak can be easily detected. 3. (a) closed (b) flammble items (c) Too much fuel (LPG containers) are stored in the kitchen. (or other reasonable answers, e.g. The worn out LPG pipe is not replaced. ) 2

3 Section 4.3 A. Concept checking p.6 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True B. Fill in the blanks p.6 (a) chemical (b) heat (c) steam (d) turbines (e) electrical C. Multiple choice p.6 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B D. Questions p.8 1. (a) acid rain (b) carbon dioxide is released, leading to global warming 2. (a) Nuclear power (b) No air pollutant is produced during the generation of electricity. (or other reasonable answers) (c) Dangerous radioactive nuclear waste is produced. (or other reasonable answers) 3. (a) (i) Wind power is an unlimited resource and will never be used up. (or other reasonable answers) (ii) No air pollution is produced during the generation of electricity. (or other reasonable answers) (b) (i) a large piece of land, but the land resource is very limited and expensive in Hong Kong. (ii) The wind is not strong enough throughout the year. (or other reasonable answers) 3

4 Section 4.5 A. Concept checking p.9 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True B. Questions p.9 (a) (i) Motor vehicles (ii) more (b) (i) Electrical (ii) they consume more energy Integrated Exercise A. Concept checking p True 2. Fasle 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. False B. Multiple choice p D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 4

5 12. A 13. D C. Matching p.14 (a) vii (b) v (c) vi (d) i (e) iv (f) viii (g) ii (h) iii D. Questions p (a) (i) kinetic energy (ii) potential energy (b) (i) potential energy (ii) kinetic energy 2. (a) Kinetic energy is converted to sound energy (b) Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. (c) Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy (and also heat energy). (d) Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. (e) Chemical energy of the firework is converted to sound, heat and light energy. (f) Potential energy of water is converted to kinetic energy of the turbine, and then electrical energy. 3. C D G A B E F 4. (a) (A diagram of a fan or other reasonable energy converters.) Energy converter: Fan (or other reasonable answers) (b) (A diagram of a dry cell or other reasonable energy converters.) Energy converter: Dry cell (or other reasonable answers) (c) (A diagram of a box of matches or a lighter or other reasonable energy converters.) Energy converter: Match / Lighter (or other reasonable answers) (d) (A diagram of a green plant or other reasonable energy converters.) Energy converter: Green plant (or other reasonable answers) 5. (a) Nuclear power (b) (i) controlled (ii) heat 5

6 (iii) nuclear (iv) boil (v) turbines (vi) generators (c) Nuclear power stations require a lot of water for cooling operations. 6. (a) It is an uncontrolled energy conversion. Energy conversions: Potential energy is converted to sound energy and kinetic energy. (b) It is an uncontrolled energy conversion. Energy conversions: Potential energy is converted to kinetic, sound and heat energy. (c) It is a controlled energy conversion. Energy conversion: Kinetic energy is converted to sound energy. (d) It is a controlled energy conversion. Energy conversions: Chemical energy is converted to kinetic, sound, heat and light energy, then kinetic energy is converted to potential energy. (e) It is a controlled energy conversion. Energy conversions: Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy (and also heat energy), then kinetic energy is converted to potential energy. 7. (a) Yes (b) The generation of electricity in a power station is a controlled energy conversion. This is because the rate of conversion is under control. Quick Review A. Different forms of energy p.20 (a) electrical (b) heat (c) chemical (d) kinetic (e) light (f) sound (g) potential B. Energy conversions p.21 (a) initial (b) chemical (c) intermediate (d) electrical 6

7 (e) final (f) light (g) heat (h) converter C. Problems caused by burning fuels p.21 (a) global warming (b) carbon dioxide (c) sulphur dioxide (d) acid rain D. Generation of electricity p.22 (1) wind (2) hydro-electric (3) tidal (4) fuel (5) nuclear (6) geothermal (7) mirrors (8) panels (a) turbine (b) turbine (c) water (d) generator (e) 4, 5 (f) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 STSE Article Reading p.23 (a) (i) a lot of (ii) does not have sufficient land for onshore wind farm development. (b) support 1430 to 2000 families annually. (c) Each year, tonnes of coal burning for the generation of electricity can be avoided. This leads to the reduction of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emissions. (d) (i) impacts on landscape (ii) impacts on water quality / noise (or other reasonable answers) 7

8 Little Einstein s Corner p.24 (a) (i) kinetic energy electrical energy light (and heat) energy (ii) It is a controlled energy conversion because the user can stop or start the energy conversion at any time. (b) (i) (The labelled diagram should include a bulb, a dynamo, a handle and the connecting method of the components.) (ii) Save money because no dry cell is needed. The torch is environmentally friendly because no used dry cell will be produced as waste. (or other reasonable answers) 8