Aerosol chemistry and particle growth events at an urban downwind site in North China Plain

Transcription

1 Supplement of: Aerosol chemistry and particle growth events at an urban downwind site in North China Plain Yingjie Zhang 1,,#, Wei Du 1,3,#, Yuying Wang, Qingqing Wang 1, Haofei Wang 5, Haitao Zheng 1, Fang Zhang, Hongrong Shi 6, Yuxuan Bian 7, Yongxiang Han, Pingqing Fu 1, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, Tong Zhu 9, Pucai Wang 6, Zhanqing Li, and Yele Sun 1,3,1 1 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 19, China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 1, China 3 College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 19, China College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 175, China 5 Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application of Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 1, China 6 Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 19, China 7 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 11, China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 53, Switzerland 9 College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 171, China 1 Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 3611, China # These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Yele Sun (sunyele@mail.iap.ac.cn) 1

2 Table S1. Average CS, SO, and O 3 concentrations, RH, T, and solar radiation (SR) for the particle growth period (1 LT). Date GR CS SO (nm h -1 ) (s -1 ) (ppb) O 3 RH T Total SR Diffuse SR (ppb) (%) ( C) (W m - ) (W m - )

3 Figure S1. Yearly average variations of ambient pollutants (PM.5, PM 1, CO, NO, SO, and O 3 ) for (a) the entire year and (b) observational periods. Data are from four monitoring sites in Xingtai. 3

4 1 1 Slope=.51 r =.77 1:1 line SMPS volume (µm 3 cm -3 ) 6 Date & Time PM 1 ACSM+BC (µg m -3 ) Figure S. SMPS volume as a function of the total PM 1 mass. Colors represent the dates of the study period. The linear best-fit line through the points is shown in black. Figure S3. (a) Values of Q/Q exp and (b) mass concentrations of each factor for different model runs.

5 Figure S. Factor profiles of (a) HOA, (b) COA, and (c) OOA for different model runs. 5

6 Figure S5. Time series of (a) HOA, (b) COA, and (c) OOA for different model runs. 6

7 a value external tracers Mass. Conc. (µg m -3 ) Mass. Conc. (µg m -3 ) HOA OOA NO x (ppb) NO 3 (µg m -3 ) Mass. Conc. (µg m -3 ) 3 1 COA 1 Hour of Day 1 Hour of Day Figure S6. Mean diurnal variations of (a) HOA, (b) COA, and (c) OOA for different model runs, with the variations of their external tracers on the right axis. Figure S7. Correlations between the time series of OA factors and external tracers as a function of model run. 5% Xingtai Xinzhou Xianghe Beijing Org 31 µg m µg m µg m -3 µg m -3 HOA 9% 15% % 1% COA 7% 9% 1% BBOA % 7% OOA % 6% % 6% 7% LV-OOA 3% 1% % SV-OOA 7% 7% 5% 1% 1% 1% % 3% 1% 1% 1% % 1% % % 1% SO NO 3 NH Chl BC Figure S. Mass concentration and average composition of PM 1 in summer at four sites in the NCP. BBOA: biomass burning OA; LV-OOA, low volatility OOA; SV-OOA, semi-volatile OOA. 7

8 Figure S9. Monthly variations in PM.5 concentration in Xingtai. Data were collected by the environmental monitoring center at four urban sites from 13. Figure S1. (a) Wind rose plots, colored by wind speed (m s -1 ) and (b) fractional contributions of each species to the total PM 1 mass during polluted periods (on the left) and clean periods (on the right).

9 Entire study CP PE CO (ppm) NO x (ppb) 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) O 3 (ppb) (e) (f) (g) (h) WS (m s -1 ) SO (ppb) T (ºC) 1 1 NO (ppb) RH (%) TR (W m - ) 6 (i) DR (W m - ) 3 1 (j) Hour of Day Figure S11. Diurnal patterns of gaseous pollutants, i.e., (a) CO, (b) O 3, (c) SO, (d) NO, (e) NO x ), meteorological parameters, i.e., (f) WS, (g) T, and (h) RH, and (i) total solar radiation (TR), and (j) diffuse solar radiation (DR). Overall mean cycles are shown as black lines. Mean cycles for polluted events (PE) and clear periods (CP) are shown as red and blues lines, respectively. 1 1 PM.5 (µg/m 3 ) Hour of Day Figure S1. Diurnal pattern of average PM.5 concentrations in Xingtai. Data were collected by the environmental monitoring center at four urban sites. 9

10 Figure S13. Average compositions of PM 1 size modes during the entire study, on new particle event (NPE) days, and on non-new particle event (NNPE) days. Figure S1. Particle number size distributions during two nights ( May and 3 May) with significant cooking emissions. The size distribution was calculated as the difference between dinnertime and one hour before. 1

11 Figure S15. Bivariate polar plots of particle number concentrations for (a) N 7-15 calculated from the differences between MCPC and SMPS measurements, (b) N 15- (15 nm), (c) N -1 ( 1 nm), (d) N 1-65 (1 65 nm), (e) all particles, N (15 65 nm), and (f) CS. Figure S. Particle growth rate (GR) as a function of OOA/PM 1 (left) and SO /PM 1 (right). The two dashed lines are used for visual reference.p 11