Wisconsin Government Affairs Seminar Chlorides-Regulatory Overview and Successes James E. Kleinschmidt, P.E, ENV SP Feb February 26, 2015

Transcription

1 Wisconsin Government Affairs Seminar Chlorides-Regulatory Overview and Successes James E. Kleinschmidt, P.E, ENV SP Feb February 26, 2015

2 Overview of Presentation Chlorides Criteria Development Chloride Regulations in Wisconsin Approach to Compliance Successes Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District Paddock Lake, WI

3 Acronyms ACR-Acute Chronic Ratio ATC-Acute Toxicity Criteria DAF-Design Average Flow DIR-Demand Initiated Regeneration CTC-Chronic Toxicity Criteria FAV-Final Acute Value MEG-Municipal Environmental Group WDNR-Wisconsin DNR WER-Water Effects Ratio WET-Whole Effluent Toxicity WQBEL-Water Quality Based Effluent Limits

4 Chlorides (mg/l) Chloride Criteria in Wisconsin 2,000 1,800 1, ,400 1,200 1, CTC ATC FAV Wisconsin US EPA

5 US EPA Criteria Development Fathead Minnow Daphnia Pulex Rainbow Trout-(Non- Native in Wisconsin)

6 Chloride Criteria 1988 US EPA Standard Controlling Species-Daphnia Pulex Species Tested-Acute Snails Clams Daphnia Magna Daphnia Pulex Caddisfly Rainbow Trout Fathead Minnow Bluegills Species Tested-Chronic Daphnia Pulex Rainbow Trout Fathead Minnow

7 Chlorides (mg/l) Basis for Criteria-US EPA 8,000 7,000 CTC= FAV/ACR 6, =1720/7.59 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 FAV 1,720 mg/l mg/l 1,000 Chronic 230 mg/l 0 Dapnhia Pulex Ceriodaphnia Dubia Rainbow Trout Fathead Minnow Acute Chronic

8 Development of Wisconsin Criteria S Added Ceriodaphnia Dubia Applicable to All Waters-Ceriodaphnia Dubia Controls Test Species for WET Robust Chlorides Chronic Toxicity WET Data Base 96 Variances for Chlorides (38 %)

9 Chlorides (mg/l) Basis for Criteria-Wisconsin 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 CTC = FAV/ACR 395=1514/3.83 4,000 3,000 FAV 1514 mg/l 2,000 1,000 Chronic 395 mg/l 0 Dapnhia Pulex Ceriodaphnia Dubia Rainbow Trout Fathead Minnow Acute Chronic

10 Weekly Chlorides Limit (mg/l) WPDES Implementation Acute-Final Acute Value (Rare) Chronic-Chronic Toxicity Criteria (38 % of All WPDES Municipal Permits) ¼ 7Q10-Dilution Criteria 395 mg/l Limitation =((WQC) (Qs +(1 f)qe) (Qs fqe) (Cs))/Qe 1,200 1, Qs/Qe

11 WPDES Permit Implementation Multi-Discharger Variance (Economic) Interim Limit ( p 99-Statistical Calculation) Target Limit Set of Conditions

12 Optimization Actions-Tier 1 (Permit Term 1) Identify Sources of Chloride to Sewer System Homeowner Education Recommend Voluntary Residential Softener Tune-Ups Voluntary Support from Local Water Softening Business Educate Installers Voluntary Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Contributors Public Water Utility Softening Audits Dairy, Meat and Vegetable Audits

13 Optimization-Tier 2 (2 nd Permit Term) Mandatory Review of Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Contributors Mandate a DIR and High Salt Efficiency for New Residential Softeners Mandate Participation in Residential Softener Tune-Up Program Public Water Utility Optimize Softener Operation Switch to DIR Controller Evaluate Feasibility of Brine Regeneration Mandatory Requirements for Dairies and Vegetable Processors

14 Optimization Tier 3 (Third Permit Term) Residential Softening-Metered Demand Type Eliminate Outside Hose-Bib Softening (New Homes on Real Estate Transfers) Centralized Water Softening Evaluate Feasibility of Greater Salt Efficiencies Evaluate Alternatives to Sodium Cycle Ion Exchange Blend Softened and Unsoftened Water(Customer Satisfication) Dairies Vegetable Processing Meat Processing

15 Fourth Permit Term? Meeting WQBEL Limit? Yes-Continue C with Optimization Processes No Continue with Optimization Processes Site Specific Limit (Optimized Performance) Water Effects Ratio-Ceriodaphnia Controls

16 Site Specific Limit-Water Effects Ratio (WER) Lab Water Fathead Minnow Hardness Alkalinity ph WER = Simulated/Lab Acute Chronic Simulated Water Lab Tests Hardness< 100 mg/l Ceriodaphnia Dubia

17 Chlorides (mg/l) Potential Site Specific Limit Using WER 1,400 1,200 1, US EPA Wisconsin WER of 2 WER of 3

18 Successes MEG & WDNR-Cooperative Efforts Potential Basis for Non-Economic Variances in Illinois (US?) Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District-Kathy Lake Paddock Lake, WI-Tim Popanda

19 Questions James E. Kleinschmidt, P.E.