Mitigating Chemical Risks in Laboratories & the Good Laboratory Practices

Transcription

1 Mitigating Chemical Risks in Laboratories & the Good Laboratory Practices Joseph Chan Evangelist for Workplace Safety Team Medical & Scientific Sdn. Bhd.

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3 PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO CHEMICAL EXPOSURE

4 SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN In USA, the NIOSH/OSHA determines an average amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker can be exposed PEL-TWA 8h Permissible Exposure Limit Time-Weighted Average PEL are based on an average value of exposure over a period of 8 hour working time, 5 days a week and a working lifetime! PELs specify the long term dangerous concentrations

5 SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN Inhaling concentrations higher than the PEL of chemicals Long term danger for the person s health

6 SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN

7 SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN

8 Common Chemicals Used in Laboratory SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN Substance ACGIH ADOPTED VALUES PEL-TWA (TLV) - 8 hrs STEL - 15 min Notations Health Effects Acetone 250 ppm 500 ppm Carcinogenic A4, BEI URT & Eye Irritation Ammonia 25 ppm 35 ppm - Eye damage, CNS Impairment Arsenic 0.01 mg/m3 - Carcinogenic A1, BEI URT Irritation, Lung Cancer Benzene 0.5 ppm 2.5 ppm Skin, Carcinogenic A1, BEI Leukimia Carbon Black 3 mg/m3 - Carcinogenic A3 Bronchitis Chloroform 10 ppm - Carcinogenic A3 Liver, Embryo/Fetal damage, CNS impairment Formaldehyde 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm Carcinogenic A1, DSEN URT & Eye Irritation, URT Cancer Methanol 200 ppm 250 ppm Skin, BEI Heache, Eye damage, Dizziness, Nausea Phenol 5 ppm - Skin, Carcinogenic A4, BEI Lung damage, URT Irritation Sulphuric Acid 0.2 mg/m3 - Carcinogenic A2 Pulmonary function Toluene 20 ppm - Carcinogenic A4, BEI Female reproduction, pregnancy loss Xylene 100 ppm 150 ppm Carcinogenic A4, BEI URT & Eye Irritation, CNS Impairment - Carcinogenicity : A1= Confirmed Human Carcinogen, A2= Suspected Human Carcinogen, A3= Confirmed Animal Carcinogen, unknown relevance to Humans, A4= Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen, A5= Not Suspected Human Carcinogen. BEI= Biological Exposure Indices, an indicator of the uptake of a chemical via monitoring biological samples, like urine, blood, or exhaled air. DSEN= Sensitization, Allergy Responses URT= Upper Respiratory Tract CNS= Central Nervous System

9 Research Findings

10 PEL-TWA values are determined for one chemical only A B C Not suitable for laboratory (numerous chemicals) Accumulation of different chemical fumes in the same room Potential mix of different chemicals in the same room

11 SAFETY LEVEL TO OBTAIN Maximum chemical exposure in laboratory Concentrations of chemicals in the lab room should be as low as possible to the PELs and as close as possible to 0 ppm, max. 1% of the PELs (100 times below what is authorized!). 1% PEL A + 1% PEL B + 1% PEL C + = HIGH SAFETY MARGIN!

12 PART 2: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCES OF LABORATORY FUME HOODS Fume Hood

13 Terminology 5 components of LEV - Local Exhaust Ventilation

14 Terminology 3 types of Hoods 1. Containment Hood 2. Capture Hood 3. Receiving Hood

15 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY There are two types of laboratory fume hoods (LEV - Local Exhaust Ventilation) Ducted fume hood Ductless filtering fume hoods

16 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY International Safety Standards for laboratory fume hoods: EN (European Standard) ASHRAE 110 (American Standard, USA) ANSI AHIA Z9.5 (American Standard, USA) AFNOR NF-X (French Standard) - Dedicated for ductless filtering fume hood SEFA 9 (American Standard, USA) - Dedicated for ductless filtering fume hood

17 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY International Safety Standards for Ductless Fume Hood:

18 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Regardless of the category of fume hood, any units must strictly comply with the safety requirements given by International Safety Standards in Europe, North America and Asia. 3 Containment capacity of the enclosure 2 Air velocity at the sash opening 1 Design with an enclosure

19 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Requirement no. 1: design with an enclosure/hood

20 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY According to the Graham law: air molecules collide with the toxic gas molecules and distribute them at a high speed throughout the laboratory air

21 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY A toxic gas molecule travels very quickly! In a fraction of second, a molecule travels several meters away depending on its molar mass. The lower the mass, the higher the speed!

22 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY To stop the molecule travelling, it is crucial to perform the chemical experiment in an enclosure

23 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY No Enclosure = No Containment = No Safety Canopy hoods or suctions arms can t stop molecules travelling!

24 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY According to the Graham law: air molecules collide with the toxic gas molecules and distribute them at a high speed throughout the laboratory air

25 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY To stop the molecule travelling, it is crucial to perform the chemical experiment in an enclosure

26 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Requirement no. 2: air velocity at the sash opening

27 Air velocity at the sash opening LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Designed to create an air barrier between the chemical evaporations and the possible turbulent environment around the fume hood! Average 0.5 m/s (100 cfm)

28 Fume Hood Spill due to walk-by: LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Animation from M/E Engineering, P.C. Aerial View

29 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Fume Hood Spill due to a rapid sash motion: Animation from M/E Engineering, P.C

30 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY A face velocity of approx. 0.5 m/s at the sash opening surface has been proven to have the capacity to counter the effects of external turbulences in the lab room! Approx. 0.5 m/s at sash plane

31 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Requirement no. 3: containment capacity of the enclosure

32 Containment issue of ducted fume hoods: Fact 1: Narrow duct DUCTED FUME HOOD Fact 2: High airflow (from 700 to 3,000 m 3 / h) HIGH AIR TURBULENCES

33 Containment issue of ducted fume hoods: DUCTED FUME HOOD High air turbulences inside the enclosure can compromise the containment! Perform the LEV Test every year SF6 Gast Containment Test Containment results are easily above the requested limits of 0.05 ppm of SF6 and will require careful research to comply with the limit value

34 DUCTLESS FUME HOOD Containment efficiency of ductless fume hoods: Fact 1: Large suction area Fact 2: Low airflow (from 200 to 700 m 3 /h) 0.5 m/s, 100 cfm Smooth air flow inside the enclosure

35 PART 3: SPECIFICITIES AND CHALLENGES OF LABORATORY FUME HOODS

36 Ducted Fume Hood IMPORTANCE OF A PROPER INSTALLATION FOR DUCTED FUME HOOD Ducted fume hood s performances entirely depend of the installation of the ducting system the said unit in the laboratory. This ducting system is a critical part of a ducted fume hood: any mistake in the installation will compromise the air velocity and containment of the unit.

37 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY How to ensure the good functioning of a ducted fume hood? 1.The fume hood enclosure shall be carefully designed and SF6 tested by the Manufacturer in a testing lab! (Max. 0,05 ppm of SF6 detected at nose level of mannequin, according to ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, USA)

38 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY Containment test with SF6 tracer gas 0,05 ppm of SF6 gas at nose level of a dummy* *acc. to ANSI/AIHA Z (USA) 4 L per minute of SF6 gas emitted in the enclosure

39 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY How to ensure the good functioning of a ducted fume hood? 1. The fume hood enclosure shall be carefully designed and SF6 tested by the Manufacturer in a testing lab! (Max. 0,05 ppm of SF6 detected at nose level of mannequin, according to ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, USA) 2. The fume hood containment capacity shall be confirmed by a certified independent laboratory delivering the «as manufactured» containment certificate

40 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY How to ensure the good functioning of a ducted fume hood? 3. The fume hood shall be perfectly installed Mechanical supply ventilation Mechanical extract ventilation Cooling Heating Humidification / Dehumidification /Filtration Ducted Hood

41 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY How to ensure the good functioning of a ducted fume hood? 3. The fume hood shall be perfectly installed Operational Costs with Ducted Fume Hood Components CFM/ Fume Hood Qty of Fume Hoods Total CFM Yearly Cost / CFM Total (RM) Cost of Indoor Air exhausted Min 530, Max 1055 CFM (use 530 cfm for cal. ) 8 4,240 RM 20* RM 84, * Calculation is based on TNB rate of 21.8 sen/kwh, 1 atm CFM to kw, usage time of 8 hours, 20 days per month.

42 LAB FUME HOOD & SAFETY How to ensure the good functioning of a ducted fume hood? 4. The fume hood containment shall be verified on site after installation (AS USED containment test) to ensure that supply and extract ventilation systems have been properly installed. (Max. 0.1 ppm of SF6 detected at nose level of dummy, according to ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, USA) [Malaysia: yearly LEV testing] - Static Pressure + Velocity Pressure

43 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY IMPORTANCE OF A PROPER FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR DUCTLESS FUME HOOD Air velocity and containment are easier to obtain with ductless fume hood as it does not require any duct or connection to HVAC system. BUT any ductless fume hood must guarantee full protection at the filtration level to ensure enduser s safety. MUST comply with stringent International Safety Standard such as NFX (FRANCE) and SEFA 9 (USA).

44 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY How to ensure the good functioning of a ductless fume hood? Manufacturers must guarantee a maximum 1 concentration of chemicals after filters of 1% of PEL-TWA when filter saturation is reached <1% of PEL-TWA According to NFX Standard (France) SEFA 9 Standard (USA)

45 1 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY Manufacturers must guarantee a maximum concentration of chemicals after filters of 1% of PEL-TWA when filter saturation is reached

46 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY How to ensure the good functioning of a ductless fume hood? Chemical listing of supplier shall mention the 2 quantity of chemical retained in the filter until 1% of the PEL-TWAs is reached. The higher the quantity retained, the longer the filter lifetime! According to NFX Standard (France) SEFA 9 Standard (USA)

47 R&D LAB

48 Shelf Life of filter Type of filter Configuration R&D LAB

49 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY How to ensure the good functioning of a ductless fume hood? 3 Each chemical handling shall be approved by the supplier to confirm that all chemicals are well filtered and filter lifetime is long enough (minimum 6 months) According to NFX Standard (France) SEFA 9 Standard (USA)

50 FILTRATION EFFICIENCY How to ensure the good functioning of a ductless fume hood? 4 Authorized chemicals shall be shown on the front of the ductless filtering fume hood According to NFX Standard (France) SEFA 9 Standard (USA)

51 Ways to determine Filter Saturation (service included): i. PID Meter (TVOC and Acetone) ii. Kitagawa s Reaction Tube iii. Build in Chemical Sensor (Option)

52 DUCTLESS FUME HOOD Convenience, Flexible & Energy Saving

53 DOSH- USECHH Reg DOE - EQ Clean Air Reg DOE - EQ Scheduled Waste Reg DUCTED FUME HOOD LEV Testing Annually by IHT2-100 CFM front sash CFM inside Ductline - Cost RM per unit Apply Chimney Licence within 30 days by competence person - Cost RM per chimney No Filter, Regulations not apply Regulations DUCTLESS FUME HOOD Manufacturer to conduct filter saturation test CFM front sash - Reaction Tube/ PID meter No chimney and Ductwork, Regulations not apply The vendor who conduct replacement filter is DOE registered, competence person to handle used filter (SW410)

54 Cost Comparison for the initial purchase and installation of Fume Hood Ducted Fume Hood Cost of purchase and installation of Ducted Fume Hood Components Cost/Unit Number of units Total (RM) 6ft Fume Hood 17, RM 136, Ductwork, Fan 5, RM 44, DOE approval 8, RM 64, Total RM 244, Ductless Filtering Fume Hood Cost of purchase and installation of Ductless Filtering Fume Hood (DFH) Components Cost/Unit Number of units Total (RM) 6ft Fume Hood 23, RM 184, Stand and cabinet 4, RM 32, DOE approval Nil 8 RM 0.00 Total RM 216, A Saving of RM 28,000 with Ductless Filtering Fume Hood

55 Cost Comparison for 10 Yr Operational Costs of Fume Hood Ducted Fume Hood 10 Yr Operational Costs with Ducted Fume Hood Components CFM/ Fume Hood Qty of Fume Hoods Total CFM Yearly Cost /CFM Cost/Unit Total (RM) Cost of Indoor Air exhausted Min 530, Max 1055 CFM (use 530 cfm for cal. ) 8 4,240 RM 20* RM 84, LEV Test ** - 8 RM 1, RM 9, * Calculation is based on TNB rate of 21.8 sen/kwh, 1 atm CFM to kw, usage time of 8 hours, 20 days per month. ** Not include annual Preventive Maintenance, 3 phase electric consumption for fan and installation cost Ductless Filtering Fume Hood 10 Yr Operational Costs with Ducted Fume Hood Total Yearly Cost RM 94, Yr Operational Cost RM 944, Components CFM/ Fume Hood Qty of Fume Hoods Total CFM Yearly Cost /CFM Cost/Unit Total (RM) Cost of Indoor Air exhausted Filter Replacement * 0 CFM of air exhausted 8 0 RM 20 RM RM 3,800.00** RM 30, * Including Filter Replacement, Saturation Test, Scheduled Waste Disposal, Preventive Maintenance & Report ** change of 4 filters, the assumption is based on 12 months, the filter can last longer, until months. Total Yearly Cost RM 30, Yr Operational Cost RM 304, A Saving of RM 640,000 with Ductless Filtering Fume Hood

56 Perfect Solution The Benefit of Using Ductless Filtering Fume Hood : 1. When the building has no way to provide make-up air into the lab to replace exhausted air. 2. When the laboratory has no structural access to install ductwork. 3. When the lab lacks funding for extra ductwork. 4. When the lab has no intention to compliance to DOE s Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Reg. 5. When the cost of building infrastructure to retrofit an existing laboratory with a new fume hood is prohibitive & too expensive 6. When the laboratory management wish to save energy and operation cost in long run. 7. When the laboratory is going for sustainable environmental friendly and to be accredited for green building index/certification

57 SAFETY FIRST!! CONCLUSION Whether ducted or ductless, the fume hood technologies are complex and require high manufacturer expertise! For Ducted Fume Hood: The challenge is clearly the containment efficiency which requires the manufacturer to develop a perfect design, to install the fume hood perfectly and to test carefully the containment at the design stage and installation stage. For Ductless Fume Hood: The challenge is the filtration efficiency and capacity which requires the manufacturer to test a large number of chemicals, mix of chemicals and validate the applications according to the expertise reached.

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59 Superior protection when handling toxic or noxious chemicals

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61 Active Safety Features : Alarm and Build in Sensor

62 Comprehensive Service to Ensure Safety and Compliance Erlab s certified technician to change & disposal of filter

63 Superior protection when handling toxic or noxious chemicals

64 Superior protection when handling toxic or noxious chemicals

65 Storing chemicals directly in your lab room

66 Storing chemicals directly in your lab room

67 Keeping your safe with your existing cabinet

68 Air filtration system to capture fugitives chemical fumes

69 Air filtration system to capture fugitives chemical fumes

70 Erlab Erlab Erlab s ecosystem Experts in air filtration for the protection of laboratory personnel since 1968 Flex technology Smart technology eguard App ESP GFH Captair Smart Benefits Case study Erlab is the pioneer and global leader in the design and manufacture of laboratory filtration products. Erlab is an innovator committed to safety, performance, energy efficiency and sustainability.

71 Thank you! Joseph Erlab - Team Medical & Scientific Sdn. Bhd. joseph@tms-lab.com