Opportunities and Challenges for International Disaster Risk Reduction

Transcription

1 Opportunities and Challenges for International Disaster Risk Reduction Gordon A. McBean, CM, O.Ont., PhD, FRSC Chair, Science Committee Integrated Research on Disaster Risk - IRDR Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction University of Western Ontario, Canada International Social Sciences Council

2 HAZARD: potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that MAY cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. VULNERABILITY: conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. A natural disaster serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters result when there is the intersection of a hazard and a vulnerability

3 Mega-Disasters > $US 10 B in losses Climate related Table 1.2 Disasters leading to losses of more than US$ 10 billion, January 1975 June 2008 (Highlighting denotes disasters within the five-year period, ) Source: EMDAT; Analysis by ISDR

4 Mega-Disasters > 10,000 fatalities Climate related Table 1.1: Disasters with more than 10,000 fatalities, January 1975 June (Highlighting denotes disasters within the five-year period, ) EMDAT; Analysis by ISDR, 2008

5 Mega-Disasters > 10,000 fatalities Bangladesh Bola ,000 deaths Bangladesh Sidr ,000 deaths Climate related Table 1.1: Disasters with more than 10,000 fatalities, January 1975 June (Highlighting denotes disasters within the five-year period, ) EMDAT; Analysis by ISDR, 2008

6 World Conference on Disaster Reduction Kobe, Hyogo, Japan January 2005 Hyogo Declaration and Hyogo Framework for Action The starting point for reducing disaster risk and for promoting a culture of disaster resilience lies in the knowledge of the hazards and the physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities to disasters that most societies face, and of the ways in which hazards and vulnerabilities are changing in the short and long term,.

7 Hyogo Framework for Action Priorities for Action 1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. 2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. 3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. 4. Reduce the underlying risk factors. 5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

8 DRAFT Canada s Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction Towards the development of an Action Plan February 3, 2011

9 Summary of Roundtable Results Priorities for Action: Strengthen and support national level leadership for disaster risk reduction Develop corporate planning for Canada s Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction Increase national understanding and engagement in disaster risk reduction Expand disaster mitigation and resilience knowledge and capacity building DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 9

10 Summary of Roundtable Results To advance the priorities, Roundtable participants flagged four key thematic areas: 1. Strengthening national level leadership for disaster risk reduction 2. Increasing engagement of disaster risk reduction stakeholders 3. Fostering disaster risk reduction research and knowledge exchange 4. Demonstrating value and accountability in disaster risk reduction DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 10

11 Directions for a Work Plan Thematic Area Increase national understa nding and engagem ent in DRR Activities Foster shared responsibility for DRR Tasks Lead by Component Educate public in shared All responsibility for DRR Develop value proposition for private sector engagement Advisory Committee & Secretariat Increase youth education and All awareness in DRR Facilitate education and information Establish a website and related tools Secretariat Conduct integrated Establish means of Science & exchange hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity mapping to facilitate information and knowledge exchange among DRR stakeholders integrating hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity assessments into a shared, consolidated geospatial map Technology Working Group DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 11

12 Thematic Area Expand disaster mitigation and resilience knowledge and capacity building Activities Expand the Canadian scientific body of knowledge on sustainability, mitigation, recovery, as well as other DRR best practices Develop DRR performance measures Tasks Undertake/support key domestic research and education initiatives Undertake/support Canadian case studies on the impact of mitigation and DRR Explore interest in establishing Working Group on DRR Metrics Lead by Component Science & Technology Working Group Science & Technology Working Group Advisory Committee & General Membership Engage General Membership in development of performance metrics Working Group on DRR Metrics DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 12

13 Next Steps Roundtable discussion of proposed Action Plan objectives, timeframe, components and direction February 3, 2011 Draft National Platform Action Plan to be circulated to Advisory Committee for review March 1, 2011 Advisory Committee to consult with partners/stakeholders, as appropriate March 1-21, 2011 Advisory Committee to submit comments to Secretariat March 21, 2011 Approval of Action Plan April 7, 2011 Finalize, translate and publish Action Plan April 29, 2011 DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 13

14 Back to the international scene UN ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction-2009 Key findings and recommendations: Global disaster risk is highly concentrated in poorer countries with weaker governance. Weather-related disaster risk is expanding rapidly both in terms of the territories affected, the losses reported and the frequency of events. Climate change is already changing the geographic distribution, frequency and intensity of weather-related hazards and threatens to undermine the resilience of poorer countries and their citizens to absorb and recover from disaster impacts. The governance arrangements for disaster risk reduction in many countries do not facilitate the integration of risk considerations in development.

15 Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Addressing the challenge of natural and humaninduced environmental hazards (IRDR) An integrated approach to research on disaster risk through: an international, multidisciplinary (natural, health, engineering and social sciences, including socioeconomic analysis) collaborative research programme. - Sept/2008www.irdrinternational.org

16 Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Scope Geophysical - Earthquakes tsunamis volcanoes Climate and weather-related trigger events floods storms (hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons) heat waves droughts wild-fires landslides coastal erosion climate change (increases of extreme events) Effects of human activities on creating or enhancing disasters, including land-use practices Space weather and impact by near-earth objects NOT technological disasters, warfare Scientific Objectives

17 Objective 1: Characterization of hazards, vulnerability and risk 1.1: identifying hazards and vulnerabilities leading to risks; 1.2: forecasting hazards and assessing risks; and 1.3: dynamic modelling of risk.

18 Objective 2: Effective decision making in complex and changing risk contexts 2.1: Identifying relevant decision-making systems and their interactions 2.2: Understanding decision making in the context of environmental hazards; and 2.3: Improving the quality of decision-making practice.

19 Objective 3: Reducing risk and curbing losses through knowledge-based actions 3.1: Vulnerability assessments; 3.2: Effective approaches to risk reduction

20 Cross-Cutting Themes 1. Case studies and demonstration projects 2. Assessment, data management and monitoring IRDR IPO CEODE Beijing IPCC Special Report on Climate Extremes Case Studies

21 Cross-Cutting Themes 3. Capacity building

22 Sponsors: ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR Scientific Committee BENOUAR, Djillai, Algeria CARDONA, Omar Darío, National University of Colombia, Manizales, Colombia CHAN Kin Sek, Raymond, Civil Engineering and Development Department of Hong Kong, China CUTTER, Susan, University of South Carolina, USA EISER, Richard, University of Sheffield, UK JOHNSTONE, David, Massey University, New Zealand LAVELL, Allan, FLACSO, Costa Rica McBEAN, Gordon, Inst. for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, University of Western Ontario, Canada CHAIR MODARESSI, Hormoz, BRGM, Orléans, France PATEK, Maria, Vienna, Austria Austrian Service of Torrents and Avalanche Control RENN, Ortwin, University of Stuttgart, Germany SIWAR, Chamhuri, Malaysia TAKEUCHI, Kuniyoshi, ICHARM, Japan VOGEL, Coleen, University of the Witswatersrand, South Africa WIRTZ, Angelika, Geo Risks Research, Munich Re, Germany + ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR, CEODE ex officio 22

23 Sponsors: ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR IPO Scientific Committee 23

24 Sponsors: ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR IPO Scientific Committee Consultative Forum Partners in research: Unions of ICSU, Associations of ISSC and National Members of ICSU, ISSC IUGG ENHANS CoDATA World Weather Research Program Socio-Economic Research World Climate Research Program - Extremes Int`l Human Dimensions Program -Integrated Risk Governance IHDP-IGBP Land-Ocean Interactions in Coastal Zones IOC tsunami prog. Collaborating Organizations: UNESCO WMO Partners in research: Unions and National Members of ICSU, Unions of ISSC IUGG Enhans CoDATA WWRP WCRP- Extremes IHDP-IRG IHDP-IGBP-LOICZ IOC tsunami prog. 24

25 Sponsors: ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR IPO Scientific Committee Regional Programmes FORIN Forensic Disaster Investigations RIA Risk, Interpretation and Action Data Capacity building START Working Groups: Consultative Forum Collaborating Organizations: UNESCO WMO Partners in research: Unions and National Members of ICSU, Unions of ISSC GeoRisk IYPE WWRP-THORPEX WCRP- Extremes IHDP-IRG IOC tsunami prog. 25

26 IRDR Initial Projects: FORIN IRDR forensic disaster investigations more penetrating investigations that will delve in greater depth into the root causes of disasters. These have been termed forensic disaster investigations driven by the common hypothesis that neither the past nor the current, local, national and global programmes and activities are being guided or supported by a sufficiently strong, in-depth and profound knowledge about natural disaster and their underlying root causes.

27 RIA Risk Interpretation and Action Interpretation of risk - how actors attempt to make sense of experience and information from various sources as a basis for decision. What is likely to happen?. What do people (especially those at risk) think is likely to happen? And what will they do about it?.

28 RIA Risk Interpretation and Action Assessment of risk : estimation of the likelihood, and likely magnitude, of a hazard event or set of interconnected events (from a physical science perspective); evaluation of the vulnerability/resilience of the physical infrastructure in the area at immediate risk ; consideration of social and behavioural factors greater or lesser risk, - those that may constrain or facilitate appropriate protective action in response to such an event (or a warning thereof).

29 Sponsors: ICSU, ISSC, UN-ISDR IPO Scientific Committee FORIN RIA Data Regional Programmes Groups: Capacity building START National IRDR Committees Inter l Centres of Excellence Scientific Steering Groups Working Consultative Forum Collaborating Organizations: UNESCO WMO Partners in research: Unions and National Members of ICSU, Unions of ISSC GeoRisk IYPE WWRP-THORPEX WCRP- Extremes IHDP-IRG ICL Int. Floods Initiative IOC tsunami prog. 29

30 IRDR Legacy An enhanced capacity around the world to address hazards and make informed decisions on actions to reduce their impacts. Societies to shift focus from response-recovery towards prevention-mitigation, building resilience and reducing risks, learning from experience and avoiding past mistakes.

31 International Social Sciences Council Thank you for your attention