moving bioenergy forward

Transcription

1 DONG 85/15 Energy moving bioenergy forward Rudolph Blum, Director R&D DONG Energy Power EUROHEAT&POWER 2012 Annual Conference th April 2012 Copenhagen, Denmark

2 Symbiosis CHP/industry Combined heat and power production have been practice in Denmark for more than 100 year! To day: ⅔ of the heating potential in Denmark is covered by district heating and >60 % is covered by CHP 40% are smaller back pressure plant, 60% large CHP plants able to operate 100% condensing mode Total utilisation of primary energy for heat and power is >90 % at optimum Average annual efficiency for CHP plants ~ 65 % Utilise low-grade heat for industrial purposes. In Denmark, industrial symbiosis is widespread. 2

3 Typical large CHP plants at DONG Energy Avedøreværket commisioned 1990 Steam parameters: 540 ºC, 250 bar Net. cap. condensation mode: 250 MW, ƞ 42% Net. cap. CHP mode: 213 MW, 331 MJ/s, ƞ 92% Hot water temperature: ºC Esbjergværket commisioned 1992 Steam parameters: 560 ºC, 255 bar Net. cap. condensation mode: 377 MW, ƞ 45% Net. cap. CHP mode: 297 MW, 469 MJ/s, ƞ 90½% Hot water temperature: ºC 3

4 DONG Energy's vision is to produce clean and reliable energy 15 / / Green Energy From black to green energy

5 Reliable energy through diversification WIND BIOMASS GAS 5

6 Production of renewable energy in Denmark PJ Renewable share of total energy consumption: 22 % Renewable share of heat and power production: 33 % '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '07 Wind Straw Wood Biogas Waste Heat Pumps

7 Background CO 2 reduction in Denmark by increasing CHP district heating and replacing existing coal-based CHP production by wind power, biomass and natural gas Political agreement in 1993 to obligate power plants to apply 1.4 mio. tonnes of biomass (mainly straw) for power and heat production in 2000 Limited national and international experience with straw combustion in 1993 Large development programme for development and demonstration of straw combustion technology initiated Obligation to be fulfilled in 2008

8 Biomass as fuel for power production Technical challenges Low energy density large volumes Difficult handling properties Working environment dust and fungal spores Potassium and chlorine Slagging, fouling and corrosion Flue gas cleaning Utilisation of residues

9 Technologies applied for straw and wood at DONG Energy CHP plants Grate firing of straw and wood chips 12 plants 4 central, 8 local Co-firing of straw in coal-fired power plant 2 central plants Co-firing of wood pellets, gas and oil 1 central plant CFB combustion of straw and coal 1 local plant CFB combustion of straw and coal not further applied due to no possibilities of use of residual products Grate firing of straw and wood ships limited efficiency and economy Most promising technologies for the future: Coal-biomass co-firing 100% wood pellets 9

10 Co-firing of straw in coal-fired power plants Low investment costs, low emissions and high electrical efficiency Challenges Combustion/burn out 1 GJ straw requires 10 GJ Coal Super heater corrosion Fly ash utilisation SCR catalyst deactivation Combined coal/straw burner Straw handling plant 10

11 Mio. Ton Biomass Development of biomass capacity in power plants Wood chips 0 Straw

12 Development of use of biomass for CHP PJ fuel Biomass Coal mill. tons coal mill. tons coal mill. tons coal E 12

13 Large-scale green conversion of DONG Energy's CHP production in Denmark DONG Energy central CHP plant Focus areas for the biomass conversion project Biomass for combined heat and power production, % share 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 11% 60% Two coal fired units and one gas fired unit are planned to undergo a conversion to wood pellets Source: DONG Energy Power 13

14 Biomass conversion driven by heat regulation in Denmark but the uncertainty remains and needs to be addressed DKK/GJ Variable heat production costs per GJ heat by coal or biomass, 2015* coal 52 biomass tax CO2 fuel Biomass as fuel for heat production is exempt from energy taxes The gain from the lower marginal biomass heat production cost needs to cover: the coal-to-biomass conversion costs higher marginal biomass electricity production cost in order for conversion to be economically feasible The existing heat regulation does not allow the gain from conversion to go to Heat Producers so conversion awaits (proposed) changes to the regulation Note: Calculated using 125% heat efficiency Source: DONG Energy Power 14

15 Other efficient ways to use biomass 15

16 A foresighted Danish energy policy has created a world leading position within the intelligent appliance of bio mass Danish (bio) energy policy Innovation progress Bio-refining Bio-refinery Bio-materials Biogas production REnescience Pyroneer Biogasproduction Pre-treatment Inbicon Bio-ethanol Co-firing conversion from coal to wood pellets Co-firing with straw Electricity and heat

17 INBICON - 2G bioethanol production Pilot plant Full commissioned scale concept

18 Low-Temperature CFB gasifier for thermal pretreatment of straw, animal manure fibres and other difficult biomasses Pyrol. gas Char gas "Clean" gas Ash containing 95% of the valuabled minerals 500 kw test plant at DTU 2005 Stable operation, no agglomeration 5 MW demonstration plant 2010 at DONG Energy power plant CFB Pyrolysis Chamber ~ 650 C Fuel Control gas Pyrol. gas Char gas Ash Char Inerts Char gas Ash Inerts 1. cyclone Char ~730 C Inerts cyclone Ash BFB Char Reaction Chamber Air Steam 18

19 Biogas production based on animal manure combined with municipal waste 19

20 1 t/h REnescience plant commissioned in December

21 The vision of the Danish energy system in 2050 Wind farms Central and new bio-refineries and district heat providers Gross energy consumption 2010 (DK) Solid biomass 15% Waste (non-organic) 2% Wind Other 3% 1% 38% Oil Coal and coke 19% 22% Natural gas Danish Energy Agency Gross energy consumption 2050 (DK) Waste Bio-gas 7% 7% Other 13% 38% Wind Biomass 35% Energinet.dk, Wind scenario Source: Developed from Energinet.dk Energi 2050, Wind Scenario 21

22 In Denmark, we have had some success in making agriculture, energy and environmental interests work together Provides the farmers with an extra revenue stream Reduces the overall CO 2 footprint Makes a more sustainable and stable energy system The system is optimised to balance the interests of the different parties, and everybody has incentives to work together. 22

23 Growing Green Thank you for your attention 23