Scalable FLNG for Moderate Metocean Environments. R M Shivers LoneStar FLNG

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1 Scalable FLNG for Moderate Metocean Environments R M Shivers LoneStar FLNG

2 FLNG Design/Operation Considerations Size & Complexity of Plant Hydrocarbon Inventory & Safety Systems LNG Offloading & Operating Seastates Cargo Sloshing & Extreme Seastates Project Cost/Schedule/Riskex Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

3 Typical FLNG Configuration: Integrated FLNG Vessel Wells Production Process Gas Treatment Liquefaction Storage Offloading Shipping Market Integrated Process/Liquefaction Vessel - many functions on single vessel (not an FPSO) - unwieldy size, limited construction sites - drive cost higher and increases riskex - unsatisfactory solutions for LNG transfer offshore Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

4 FLNG: Other Considerations Cost Effective Drilling/Completion/Workover? Subsea Architecture Exposure to Cyclonic Storms? Generic Design/Residual Value for Relocation Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

5 Split FLNG Configuration: Segregate Production & Liquefaction Production Vessel FLNG Vessel LNG Shuttle Tanker Reservoir Wells Production Process Gas Treatment Liquefaction Storage Offloading Shipping Market Site Specific Generic Generic Reservoir Wells Production Process Production Vessel Gas Treatment Flexibles /Buoy Flexibles & Turret Liquefaction/Shuttle Tanker Liquefaction Storage Offloading Shipping Market Site Specific Generic Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

6 Split FLNG Configuration: Upstream Host Facility Conventional Production Facility Primary Separation & Compression Condensate Stabilization/Storage/Offloading Produced Water Treatment/Discharge Power Generation & Process Utilities Accommodations & Safety Systems Subsea Risers & Mooring System + Gas Treatment to LNG Standard Acid Gas Removal Mole Sieve Dehydration (replaces Glycol Dehydration) Hydrocarbon Dewpointing/C5+ Removal Production Vessel Reservoir Wells Production Process Gas Treatment Floating LNG 2016 Site Specific London Sept 2016

7 Split FLNG Configuration: Generic FLNG Vessel Conventional Moss LNG Vessel LNG Tanks & Cargo Handling System DFDE Power Gen & Propulsion Accommodation & Ship Utilities + Gas Import/Liquefaction Liquefaction Module Liquefaction Power (supplemental to Propulsion Power) Turret/Riser (disconnectable) Liquefaction/Shuttle Tanker Liquefaction Storage Offloading Shipping Market Generic Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

8 LNG Ship Conversion to FLNG

9 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly + 8 m Level DFDE Engine/Gensets 4 x 18 MW

10 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly + 17 m Level Control Room & Switchgear

11 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly + 22 m Level VFD s & Transformers

12 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly + 27 m Level Main Deck Floating LNG 2016 London, Sept 16

13 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly Liquefaction Module: Lower Deck

14 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly Liquefaction Module: Mezzanine Deck Floating LNG 2016 London, Sept 16

15 Flare/vent HOFIM Compressor Conventional train configuration Coupling HP Compressor LP Compressor Coupling Coupling Flare Motor Gearbox Shaft Seals + No gearbox, + No lube oil system + No shaft seals, no seal system Reduced footprint / smaller motor MOPICO / HOFIM HP Compressor Motor LP Compressor

16 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly Liquefaction Module: Upper Deck Floating LNG 2016 London, Sept 16

17 Mid-Ship Liquefaction Assembly Cross Section Floating LNG 2016 London, Sept 16

18 Liquefaction/Storage/Shuttling Vessel 155,000 M3 x 2 MTA Capacity Standard Moss LNG Carrier Dual Fuel Diesel Electric Drive Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 2016

19 Liquefaction/Storage/Shuttling Vessel 155,000 M3 x 2 MTA Capacity Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

20 Liquefaction Process Optimization

21 Liquefaction Process Dual N2 Liquefaction w/high Speed Electric Compressors Compact/Lightweight Safety Benefits Refrigerant Makeup Operability/Restart/Maintenance Proven Track Record on LNG Carriers Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

22 Liquefaction Process Dual N2 Liquefaction w/high Speed Electric Compressors Compact/Lightweight Safety Benefits Refrigerant Makeup Operability/Restart/Maintenance Proven Track Record on LNG Carriers Process Efficiency/Auto-consumption Lack of Large Scale Plants Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

23 N2 Dual Exp Liquefaction: Unit Power (KW-hr/Tonne)

24 Seawater Temp vs Depth

25 N2 Dual Exp Liquefaction: Unit Power (KW-hr/Tonne)

26 Liquefaction Process Driver Efficiency Fuel Gas Consumption = (KW-hr/tonne) / Engine Efficiency Steam Gas Duel Fuel Diesel Engine Turbine Turbine Standard w/whru Prime Mover 49% 52.5% Alternator/Switchgear 2.2% 2.2% Transformers/VFD 3.0% 3.0% Drive Motor 5.4% 5.4% Net Efficiency 30% 38% 44% 47% Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

27 Comparison w/mixed Refrigerants Fuel Gas Consumption 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Optimized N2 - DFDE SMR - Gas Turbine DMR - Gas Turbine

28 Liquefaction Process Dual N2 Liquefaction w/high Speed Electric Compressors Compact/Lightweight Safety Benefits Refrigerant Makeup Operability/Restart/Maintenance Proven Track Record on LNG Carriers Process Efficiency/Auto-consumption Process Improvements/Prime Mover Selection Lack of Large Scale Plants Experience with ASU s. Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

29 Liquefaction Vessel is Conversion of Moss Carrier Off the Shelf, Standard Design Provides LNG Storage/Cargo Handling Provides Accommodation/Power/Propulsion Built by 3 4 Shipyards Predictable Delivery Schedule Predictable Build Cost

30 Liquefaction Vessel is Ship, not Production Vessel Vessel is Classed as Ship Vessel is Flagged as Ship Vessel is Crewed like Ship Vessel can Dry Dock for major repairs like Ship

31 Utilize Standard, Generic Liquefaction Vessel

32 Select Site Specific Upstream Host Facility

33 Development Case Studies

34 Upstream Host: Gas Treat Platform Membranes for Bulk CO2 Removal

35 Upstream Host Facilitiy: Drill/Prod Platform & Tender

36 Split Arrangement Versatility: Fixed Platforms & FLNG

37 Split Arrangement Versatility: Fixed Platforms & FLNG

38 Upstream Host Facility: TLP & Semi Tender Floating LNG 2016 London Sept 16

39 Split Arrangement Versatility: TLP Layout 300 MMSCFPD/9 Well Slots Membranes for Bulk CO2 Removal

40 Split Arrangement Versatility: TLP W Australia

41 Offloading & DP Conversion

42 Tug Derating vs Hs

43 DP Conversion of Standard Moss LNGC Retractable Azimuthing Thrusters

44 44 Moss LNG Carrier DP2 Envelope 3 x 20 in Floating LNG Hoses Floating LNG 2016

45 LNG DP2 Stationkeeping: Time Domain Simulation

46 Offloading BOG Rates: 3 x 20 in Hoses 20.0 Side by Side: 120 m2 Tandem - Bow: 180 m Tandem - Midship: 300 m Transfer Rate: m3/hr

47 Offloading BOG Rates: 3 x 20 in Hoses 20.0 Side by Side: 120 m Side by Side: 120 m2 Tandem - Bow: 180 m Tandem - Midship: 300 m Reliq Capy Transfer Rate: m3/hr

48 Summary

49 FLNG Field Development Unit Costs: $/MCF $5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 $0.00 Portfolio of 7 Fields in Australia & W Africa Pre-FID Upstream Capex Midstream Capex Finance Upstream Opex Midstream Opex Highest Lowest Portfolio Ave

50 Addressing the Real Concerns Well Costs & Operations - Choose fixed vs. Floating production host as required Liquefaction System - Optimized Dual N2 Expansion: Safe, Compact, Lightweight, Efficient LNG Offloading - LNG transfer to DP2 Shuttle using Floating Hoses Generic Design/Residual Value - Field Specific factors only affect FPSO; Liquefaction vessels are generic Project Execution Factors - Standard Hulls; multiple shipyards. - Modular Topsides; multiple parallel construction